該篇失智症文章是本人於2016年3月18日寫的，放置於美篇帳號理，俺們家微信平臺於2017年12月擅自於平臺上發布，嚴重侵害我凡德國際之權利，此行為讓人不恥。今天只好將它翻譯為英文已是版權所屬。
需要原文的可至美篇閱讀
美篇網址：https://www.meipian.cn/f8ahf6f
什麼是dementia？Dementia is a group of symptoms that occur when certain diseases orphysical conditions are abnormal. Symptoms are mainly characterized by loss ofmemory, directional force, judgment, computational power, abstract thinking,language, and other cognitive impairment symptoms, and may appear to interferewith behavior, personality changes, delusions or hallucinations and otherpsychiatric symptoms, the severity of these symptoms can affect a person'sdaily life ability.失智症是隨著某些疾病或是生理狀況有異常時，所產生的一群症候群。症狀主要是以喪失記憶力、定向力、判斷力、計算力、抽象思考力、語言等認知功能障礙的症狀為主，同時可能出現幹擾行為、個性改變、妄想或幻覺等精神症狀，這些症狀的嚴重程度會影響一個人日常的生活能力。
There are many kinds of diseases thatcan be caused by dementia, the most common of which are: Alzheimer's disease,multiple infarct dementia, water brain, Parkinson disease, vitamin B 12deficiency, KUZFID-jock disease, etc.
Dementia and forgetfulness due to agingdiffer in nature:
會產生是失智症狀的疾病有許多種，最常見的有下列幾種：阿茲海默氏病、多發性梗塞失智症、水腦、巴金森氏病、維生素B 12缺乏症、庫茲菲德-賈克氏病等皆會出現失智症的症狀。
失智症與因老化所致的健忘在本質上就有所差異：
如表2所示，「健康正常的高齢者的認知障礙」和「失智老人的認知障礙」在意義上是不同的。Cognitive impairment refers to the state of recalling obstacles (real-time memory loss, good forgetting, despite the efforts to think, still can not recall for its main performance, or talk about the end of the end, things too soon forgotten), but no dementia all memory barriers. The forgetfulness of a healthy, 齢 person is the experience of forgetting part, and the characteristic of dementia is to forget all experience (known as the decrease of the memory of the fragment event).
For example, forgetting what you eat for lunch is the most common forgetfulness, and even having lunch is forgotten as a cognitive impediment to dementia.
認知障礙是指，有追憶障礙的狀態(實時記憶減退，遇事善忘，雖經盡力思索，仍不能追憶為其主要表現，或言談不知首尾，事過轉瞬即忘)，但沒有失智症所有的記憶障礙。健康正常的高齢者的健忘是忘記部份的經驗，而失智症的特徵則是忘記所有的經驗(稱為片斷事件記憶的減退）。
譬如:忘記午餐吃了什麼是最常見的健忘，而連吃午餐這件事本身都忘記了則是失智症的認知障礙。
表2.生理性老化的〝健忘〞及失智老人的〝健忘〞*定向感障礙:與「現在我身在此處」有關聯的所有事項，在認知上有障礙的狀態。也就是說具有關於時間、場所、人、狀況的定向感;或是用「今天是幾月幾日?」、「這裡是哪裡?」、「我是誰?」、「為什麼我在這裡呢?」等問題來做確認。When amnesia continues to go on, it's not just about forgetting things, it's about seeing the cognitive barriers that are familiar to them, such as how the food is forgotten, and when and where it can't be identified correctly. And the general forgetfulness is that they are aware of their forgetfulness, but it is difficult for those with dementia to consciously forget themselves, leading to obstacles in their daily lives.
當失智症的健忘持續進展下去，就不只是停留在忘記東西而已，特徵是可以看到他們連熟悉的事務，如料理怎麼做都忘記，時間及地點也無法正確的辨識等的認知障礙。而一般的健忘是，其本人有意識到自己健忘；但失智症者很難自覺到自己健忘，導致日常生活的障礙。
失智症是有大腦病變的疾患，血管性失智症和阿茲海默症佔失智症整體的75~85%。血管性失智症Vascular dementia is caused by cerebral infarction, cerebral hemorrhage and other brain arteriosclerosis caused by cerebral circulation disorders, due to a certain part of the blood flow is blocked and lead to this part of the mental activity dysfunction, the difference in the location of the symptoms will be different, and no obstacle to the mental activities of the site will be normal.
血管性失智症是因腦梗塞、腦出血等的腦動脈硬化所引起的腦循環障礙，因某部分的血流受阻而導致此部分的精神活動機能障礙，障礙部位的不同其顯現的症狀也會有所差異，而沒有障礙部位的精神活動則會是正常的。
阿茲海默症Alzheimer's disease is due to unexplained brain atrophy caused by dementia, and the people suffering from vascular dementia, the body is more vigorous and energetic people, from the early onset of illness, there are very recent memory disorders and significant personality changes. Like the appearance of many such as just had a meal, but complained: "Have not eaten!?", or lost and so people can not understand the behavior. "
阿茲海默症則是因原因不明的大腦萎縮所引起的失智症，與罹患血管性失智症的人不同，身體健壯具活力的人比較多，從患病初期開始就出現極近期的記憶障礙及顯著的人格變化等。像是出現不少如剛剛吃過飯，卻抱怨說：「還沒吃飯!?」，或是迷路等讓人無法理解的行為。
有一順口溜用來描述阿茲海默症的臨床症狀最為貼切：「近的記不住，舊的一直講；躺著睡不著，坐著打瞌睡；到處漫遊走，出門就迷路；東西一不見，直覺被偷走；問話重複說，行為反覆做；情緒欠穩定，憂鬱最早現；當面對質問，謾罵攻擊出」。
阿茲海默症常見10症狀針對失智症的病程表現，分為初期、中期、末期，茲將其整理如下表所示：失智症的症狀，表列如下：在與失智症老人相處時，有必要去判斷他/她失智的嚴重度是到什麼程度。
在疑似個案階段也可參考美國阿茲海默氏協會提出的失智症十大警訊：
1. Memory loss and impact on daily work.
2. It is impossible to do the familiar work in the past.
3. Speech problems.
4. Loss of the concept of time and place.
5. Lower judgment and alertness.
6. Abstract thinking is difficult.
7. Things are in disorder.
8. Behavioural and emotional upheaval.
9. Personality changes dramatically.
10. Loss of activity and pioneering power.
1.記憶減退並影響到日常工作。
2.無法做好過去熟悉的工作。
3.說話表達發生問題。
4.喪失對時間與地方的概念。
5.判斷力與警覺性降低。
6.抽象思考有困難。
7.東西擺放錯亂。
8.行為與情緒劇變。
9.個性急劇改變。
10.喪失活動力與開創力。
表3.老人失智(Senility)程度的臨床判定基(原則是重視惡化的症狀來作判定)
根據臺灣內政部社會司86年殘障福利法規中，對失智症患者的分類：
1.輕度：Memory mild loss, near-memory local disorders, poor judgment, the sense of time disorientation, self-care ability part of the defect, need under supervision of life.
2.中度：Memory loss, near-memory difficulties, poor judgment, the sense of time and place, the loss of self-care ability, need to rely on the maintenance of some others.
3.重度：Loss of memory, total loss of near-memory ability, loss of judgment, loss of sense of direction, large, urinary incontinence, loss of self-care ability, need to rely entirely on the maintenance of others.
4.極重度：Memory loss, only missing fragments of memory, language ability to disintegrate, only murmur, loss of judgment, loss of sense of direction to people, time, and land, large, urinary incontinence, self-care ability completely lost, need to rely entirely on the maintenance of others.
1.輕度：
記憶力輕度喪失，近事記憶局部障礙，判斷力障礙，對時間之定向感障礙，自我照顧能力部分缺損，需在監督下生活者。
2.中度：
記憶力中度喪失，近事記憶能力困難，判斷力障礙，對時、地之定向感喪失，自我照顧能力喪失，需部分依賴他人養護。
3.重度：
記憶力重度喪失，近事記憶能力全失，判斷力喪失，對時、地之定向感喪失，大、小便失禁，自我照顧能力喪失，需完全依賴他人養護者。
4.極重度：
記憶力極度喪失，僅剩殘缺片斷記憶，語言能力瓦解，僅餘咕嚕聲，判斷力喪失，對人、時、地之定向感喪失，大、小便失禁，自我照顧能力完全喪失，需完全依賴他人養護者。
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