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英語六級語法必備之So do I
兩人對話,乙方對甲方的問話常可用簡短回答作出 反應。例如: Do you like it? -- Yes,I do.這同樣適用於陳述句的場合: You worry too much.-- No,I don『t.在後一種情況下,乙方也能"So+do+主語"之類 的結構表示看法。
例如甲方說"我喜歡蘋果",乙方 如果想表示"我也喜歡蘋果",英語可以說:
A:I like apples.
B:So do I.(= I like apples,too。)
這裡的so在意義上相當於in the same way,即同樣、 也那樣,作簡短反應表示同樣看法時常用之。
就諸如此類的四種結構略作介紹。
1."So+do+主語"結構 在簡短反應中表示"我也如此"或"另外一個人也 如此"時,也就是主語不同於上文的主語以及上 文並無可用於構成倒裝的動詞(即操作詞時), 可用此結構。例如: A:I like playing football. B:So do I./So does my brother./So did my father. 如果上文有可用於構成倒裝的動詞時,則用相同 的動詞或根據不同人稱用同類的動詞。 I must go -- So must I. John can speak French.--So can I. I『ve got a new car.--So has John. She is clever.-- So is he.
2."Neither/Nor + do + 主語" 結構 如果上文表示否定意義而在簡短反應中表示同樣 看法時,可用此結構。例如,甲方說I can『t swim, 乙方如果想表示"我也不會遊泳",英語可以說 Neither can I. / Nor can I(=I can『t either)。
又例如: A:He doesn『t speak French. B:Neither/Nor do I. Neither/Nor does my brother. Neither/Nor does my father. 關於以上兩種結構,有兩點說明:
第一,能用動詞縮略形式。例如: I『m going to London. ---So『s John。(is) I『ve been to New York. ---So『s John.(has) I『d have gone to Tokyo if I could.---So『d John.(would) John hasn『t got a visa. ---Nor『ve do I.(have) Jim and Mary aren『t acting in the college play. ---Neither『s Peter.(is)
第二,上述甲乙對話如用and連成一句可出自一人 之口。例如: John can speak French and so can『t I. John can『t speak French and neither/ nor can I. John speaks French and so do I. John doesn『t speak French and neither/nor do I. 上述斜體部分相當於and I can, too / and I can『t either / and I do too / and I don『t either 的意思。
3."So+主語+do"結構 在簡短反應中,對別人所說的情況加以肯定以及 主語與上文主語相同時,可用此結構,注意,這 裡不用倒裝同序;so 的意義相當於indeed, certainly,即"不錯"、"對了"。例如: A:John smokes a lot. B: So he does.(=He smokes a lot indeed.) 這類簡短反應往往帶有說話人的驚奇口吻。例如: A:Look,it『s raining! B: So it is. 在這裡,So it is的含義是 You are right! It is raining;and this surprises me.
4."Nor+主語十do"結構
如果乙方想對甲方所否定的情況加以肯定時,可用此 結構(註:在這類結構中,neither少見)例如: Look! It isn『t raining any more!
---Nor it is!
This cup hasn『t got a handle!
---Nor it has!
四種結構的介紹就到此為止。下面從L.A. Hill所著 An Intermediate Refresher course 一書摘引一則 對話供初學者觀察上述四種結構在上下文中的使用 情況。
Derothy: Look it『s raining!
Donald: So it is! I『m not going out this afternoon now.
Dorothy:Nor am I. You and I haven『t got anything to do this evening, you know.
Donald: Nor we have! We can go to the cinema then.
Derothy: So we can.
Donald: There『s a good film on at the "Metropole".
Derothy: So there is! Shall we go?
Denald: Yes, let『s.
Derothy: But it doesn『t start until 6 o『clock.
Denald: Nor it does! I thought there was an early performance too.
Dorothy:So did I . Well, I don『t want to sit about doing nothing until 6.
Donald: Nor do I …Oh, look, it isn『t raining any more.
Dorothy: Nor it is! I『d like to go for a walk.
Donald: So would I…OH, who『s that coming up the road?
Dorothy: It『s the postman.
Donald: So it is! He『s very early. The evening newspaper hasn『t even arrived yet.
Dorothy: Nor it has! That『s late today. I hope the postman has a letter for us.
Donald: So do I - but I don『t want any more bills!
Dorothy: Nor do I!
Donald: Here he is…there『s a parcel for us!
Dorothy: So there is! I wonder who sent it.
Donald: So do I. I wasn『t expecting a parcel.
Dorothy: Nor was I. Oh, it『s from Mother - they are woolen clothes for the baby!
Donald: So they are! She must have knitted them herself!
Dorothy: There『s no letter in the parcel.
Donald: Nor there is! I find that strange.
Dorothy: So do I. She always writes to us on Sundays. Oh, well, perhaps we shall get a letter from her tomorrow.
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