PCNA激活MutLγ核酸內切酶以促進減數分裂
作者:
小柯機器人發布時間:2020/8/21 19:23:11
美國加州大學戴維斯分校Neil Hunter團隊發現,PCNA激活MutLγ核酸內切酶以促進減數分裂。該項研究成果於2020年8月19日在線發表在《自然》雜誌上。
據研究人員介紹,在減數分裂過程中,交叉重組連接同源染色體以指導它們的精確分離。交叉缺陷會導致不育、流產和先天性疾病。因此,每一對染色體通過指定然後實現高效率雜交的過程獲得至少一個交叉。在DNA層面上,交叉是通過dHJ( double-Holliday Junction)中間體的形成和偏向解離。交叉實現的中心原則是,通過將核酸酶切口靶向特定的DNA鏈,兩個HJ在相對的平面中分離。MutLγ複合物的核酸內切酶活性與交叉有關,但是激活和指導鏈特異性切割的機制仍然未知。
研究人員發現,滑動鉗PCNA對於交叉的偏向解離很重要。用人類酶進行的體外測定顯示,hPCNA及其裝載物hRFC足以激活hMutLγ核酸內切酶。在這種情況下,hMutLγ被交叉因子hEXO1和hMutSγ的共同依賴活性進一步刺激,後者與HJ結合。hMutLγ還特異性結合包括HJ在內的各種分支DNA,但是未觀察到經典的解離酶活性,這暗示著核酸內切酶切入連接分支點附近會影響解離。在體內,研究人員發現出芽酵母RFC促進了MutLγ依賴性交叉。此外,PCNA沿著聯會染色體定位到預期的交叉位點。
這些數據突出了交叉解離與DNA錯配修復的起始步驟之間的相似性,並為減數分裂過程中的交叉特異性dHJ解離建立了新模型。
附:英文原文
Title: PCNA activates the MutLγ endonuclease to promote meiotic crossing over
Author: Dhananjaya S. Kulkarni, Shannon N. Owens, Masayoshi Honda, Masaru Ito, Ye Yang, Mary W. Corrigan, Lan Chen, Aric L. Quan, Neil Hunter
Issue&Volume: 2020-08-19
Abstract: During meiosis, crossover recombination connects homologous chromosomes to direct their accurate segregation1. Defective crossing over causes infertility, miscarriage and congenital disease. Accordingly, each pair of chromosomes attains at least one crossover through processes that designate and then implement crossing over with high efficiency. At the DNA level, crossing over is implemented through the formation and biased resolution of double-Holliday Junction (dHJ) intermediates2,3. A central tenet of crossover resolution is that the two Holliday junctions (HJs) are resolved in opposite planes by targeting nuclease incisions to specific DNA strands4. The endonuclease activity of the MutLγ complex has been implicated in crossover-biased resolution5–10, but mechanisms that activate and direct strand-specific cleavage remain unknown. Here we show that the sliding clamp, PCNA, is important for crossover-biased resolution. In vitro assays with human enzymes reveal that hPCNA and its loader hRFC are sufficient to activate the hMutLγ endonuclease. In this context, hMutLγ is further stimulated by a co-dependent activity of pro-crossover factors hEXO1 and hMutSγ, the latter of which binds HJs11. hMutLγ also specifically binds a variety of branched DNAs, including HJs, but canonical resolvase activity is not observed implying that the endonuclease incises adjacent to junction branch points to effect resolution. In vivo, we show that budding yeast RFC facilitates MutLγ-dependent crossing over. Furthermore, PCNA localizes to prospective crossover sites along synapsed chromosomes. These data highlight similarities between crossover-resolution and the initiation steps of DNA mismatch repair12,13 and evoke a novel model for crossover-specific dHJ resolution during meiosis.
DOI: 10.1038/s41586-020-2645-6
Source: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-020-2645-6