2019.12四級翻譯-3
中國漢族人的全名由姓和名組成。中文姓名的特點是，姓總是在前，名跟在其後，千百年來，父姓一直世代相傳。然而，如今，孩子跟母親姓並不罕見。一般來說，名有一個或兩個漢字，通常承載父母對孩子的願望。從孩子的名字可以推斷出父母希望孩子成為什麼樣的人，或者預期他們過什麼樣的生活。父母非常重視給孩子取名，因為名字往往會伴隨孩子一生。
1.中國漢族人的全名由姓和名組成。
【解析】考察動詞短語翻譯：由……組成consist of A and B。詞彙短語：漢族人the Han; 全名full name; 姓surname/family name/last name; 名first name/given name。
【答案】The full name of ethnic Han in China consists of a surname and a first name.
2.中文姓名的特點是，姓總是在前，名跟在其後。
【解析】考察標語從句翻譯：「特點是……」後為帶有謂語動詞的並列句，此處建議使用表語從句be that+句子。
【答案】The characteristic of Chinese names is that the family name always comes first, followed by the first name.
3.千百年來，父姓一直世代相傳。
【解析】考察詞彙短語翻譯：世代相傳pass down from generation to generation。
【答案】For thousands of years, the father's surname has been passed down from generation to generation.
4.然而，如今，孩子跟母親姓並不罕見。
【解析】考察基本句式翻譯：It is +adj.+ 介詞/that。
【答案】Nowadays, however, it is not uncommon for children to take their mother's surname.
5.一般來說，名有一個或兩個漢字，通常承載父母對孩子的願望。
【解析】考察一主多謂翻譯：「名」作為主語搭配了「有」和「承載」兩個動詞，可使用並列句，介詞短語或賓語從句等形式進行處理，保留一至二個動詞在句中。
【答案】Generally speaking, a given name has one or two Chinese characters and usually carries the wishes of parents for their children.
6.從孩子的名字可以推斷出父母希望孩子成為什麼樣的人，或者預期他們過什麼樣的生活。
【解析】考察動詞短語翻譯：推斷出be an indicator of...
【答案】A child's name can be an indicator of what kind of person a parent wants their children to be or what kind of life they expect them to lead.
7.父母非常重視給孩子取名，因為名字往往會伴隨孩子一生。
【解析】考察源於狀語從句及動詞短語翻譯：「因為...」because/ since/ as/ on account that...
【答案】Parents attach great importance to naming their children because names tend to stay with them for life.
【參考答案】The full name of ethnic Han in China consists of a surname and a first name. The characteristic of Chinese names is that the family name always comes first, followed by the first name. For thousands of years, the father's surname has been passed down from generation to generation. Nowadays, however, it is not uncommon for children to take their mother's surname. Generally speaking, a given name has one or two Chinese characters and usually carries the wishes of parents for their children. A child's name can be an indicator of what kind of person a parent wants their children to be or what kind of life they expect them to lead. Parents attach great importance to naming their children because names tend to stay with them for life.
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