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It's late in the evening: time to close the book and tum off the computer. You're done for the day. What you may not realize, however, is that the learning process actually continues-in your dreams.
It might sound like science fiction, but researchers are increasingly focusing on the relationship between the knowledge and skills our brains absorb during the day and the fragmented, often bizarre imaginings they generate at night. Scientists have found that dreaming about a task we've learned is associated with improved performance in that activity(suggesting that there's some truth to the popular notion that we're "getting" a foreign language once we begin dreaming in it).What's more, researchers are coming to recognize that dreaming is an essential part of understanding, organizing and retaining what we learn-and that dreams may even hold out the possibility of directing our learning as we doze.
While we sleep, research indicates, the brain replays the patterns of activity it experienced during waking hours, allowing us to enter what one psychologist calls a neural(神經的)virtual reality .A vivid example of such reenactment can be seen in this video made as part of a 2011 study by researchers in the Sleep Disorders Unit at Piie-Salpetrict Hospital in Paris. They taught a series of dance moves to a group of patients with conditions like sleepwalking, in which the sleeper engages in the kind of physical movement that is normally inhibited during slumber. They then videotaped the subjects as they slept. Lying in bed, eyes closed, the woman on the tape does a faithful rendition of the dance moves she learned earlier-"the first direct and unambiguous demonstration of overt behavioral replay of a recently learned skill during human sleep," writes lead author Delphine Qudiette
Of course, most of us are not quite so energetic during sleep but our brains are busy nonetheless. While our bodies are at rest, scientists theorize, our brains are extracting what's important from the information and events we've recently encountered, then integrating that data into the vast store of what we already know-perhaps explaining why dreams are such an odd mixture of fresh experiences and old memories. A dream about something we've just learned seems to be a sign that the new knowledge has been processed effectively. In a 2010 study published in the journal Current Biology, researchers at Harvard Medical School reported that college students who dreamed about a computer maze task they had learned showed a 10-fold improvement in their ability to navigate the maze compared to participants who did not dream about the task.
Robert Stickgold, one of the Harvard researchers, suggests that studying right before bedtime or taking a nap following a study session in the afternoon might increase the odds of dreaming about the material. But some scientists are pushing the notion of enhancing learning through dreaming even further, asking sleepers to mentally practice skills while they slumber. In a pilot study published in The Sport Psychologist journal in 2010,University of Bern psychologist Daniel Erlacher instructed participants to dream about tossing coins into a cup. Those who successfully dreamed about the task showed significant improvement in their real-life coin-tossing abilities. Experiments like Erlacher's raise the possibility that we could train ourselves to cultivate skills while we slumber. Think about that as your head hits the pillow tonight.
51. What is scientists』 finding about dreaming?
A) It involves disconnected, weird images.
B) it resembles fragments of science fiction.
C) Dreaming about a learned task betters its performance.
D) Dreaming about things being learned disturbs one’s sleep.
【看題目劃關鍵詞】scientists，findings，dreaming，提問實驗結果。
【看文章找定位據】問實驗結果找實驗結果詞。第二段的第二句話：scientists have found that dreaming about a task we』ve learned is associated with improved performance in that activity. 第三句話: What’s more, researchers are coming to recognize that dreaming is an essential part of understanding, organizing and retaining what we learn.(科學家們發現，夢到我們學過的一項任務與提高該活動的表現有關。更重要的是，研究人員逐漸認識到，做夢是理解、組織和記住我們所學知識的一個重要部分。)
【看選項找同義替換】C，夢到學習過的知識可以促進其表現。
52. What happens when one enters a dream state?
A) The body continues to act as if the sleep were awake.
B) The neural activity of the brain will become intensified.
C) The brain behaves as if it were playing a virtual reality video game.
D) The brain once again experiences the learning activities of the day.
【看題目劃關鍵詞】what happens, when one enters a dream state 當一個人睡著時會發生什麼
【看文章找定位句】第三段首句 while we sleep就是when one enters a dream state的同義替換。答案句後半句the brain replays the patterns of activity it experienced during waking hours, allowing us to enter what one psychologist calls a neural virtual reality. (大腦會回放醒著時的活動模式，讓我們進入一位心理學家所說的神經虛擬實境。)
【看選項找同義替換】：D選項「大腦再一次經理白天的活動」是「大腦回放白天的活動」的同義替換。A選項主語是body，非文章定位句子的brain，屬於無中生有。B選項大腦的神經活動會強化，無中生有。C選項，大腦像是進入了虛擬遊戲，偷換概念。
53. What does the brain do while we are sleeping?
A) It systematizes all the data collected during the day.
B) it substitutes old information with new data.
C) It processes and absorbs newly acquired data.
D) It classifies information and places it in different files.
【看題目劃關鍵詞】brain, while we are sleeping當我們睡覺時，大腦在做什麼
【看文章找定位句】第四段while our bodies are at rest 當我們的身體在休息時，就是當我們在睡覺時的同義替換。答案句就是後面的our brains are extracting what’s important for the information and events we've recently encountered, then integrating that data into the vast store of what we already know大腦提取重要的信息，把這個數據和我們已知信息融合。
【看選項找同義替換】C選項，加工和吸收信息，是提取和融合的同義替換
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