12月9日,世界反興奮劑機構(WADA)執委會在瑞士洛桑宣布,禁止俄羅斯在未來4年參加所有大型國際賽事。
The World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA) on Monday banned Russia from major global sporting events in the next four years including the 2020 Tokyo Olympics, the 2022 Beijing Winter Olympics and 2022 World Cup in Qatar after accusing Moscow of falsifying data from an anti-doping laboratory.
世界反興奮劑機構日前指控俄羅斯反興奮劑實驗室數據造假,並於12月9日宣布禁止其在未來四年參加所有大型國際賽事,包括2020年東京奧運會、2022年北京冬奧會,以及2022年卡達世界盃。
Under the sanctions, the Russian flag and anthem are also prohibited from being displayed at major events.
根據禁令規定,俄羅斯的國旗和國歌也不得在大型賽事中展示。
If the bans are ultimately enforced, Russian athletes who can prove they are untainted by the doping scandal will be able to compete under a neutral flag.
如果禁令最終得以實施,俄羅斯運動員在能夠證明自己沒有捲入興奮劑醜聞的情況下,可以使用中立旗幟參加比賽。
【何為大型國際賽事?】
根據世界反興奮劑機構官網發布的新聞稿,這裡所說的「大型國際賽事(major global events)」包括以下四類:
(a) the Youth Olympic Games (summer and winter);
夏季和冬季青年奧運會;
(b) the Olympic Games and Paralympic Games (summer and winter);
夏季和冬季奧運會及帕運會;
(c) any other event organized by a Major Event Organisation;
由大型賽事組織機構組織的其他比賽;
(d) any World Championships organized or sanctioned by any Signatory.
由任何籤約成員組織或批准的國際錦標賽。
今年早些時候,WADA的合規性審查委員會(CRC)宣布俄羅斯反興奮劑機構(RUSADA)因運動員測試結果的關鍵資料庫中的不一致而不合規。
Evidence shows that Russian authorities tampered with a Moscow laboratory database to hide hundreds of potential doping cases and falsely shift the blame onto whistleblowers, both WADA investigators and the International Olympic Committee said last month.
WADA調查人員和國際奧委會均在上個月表示,證據顯示,俄羅斯當局篡改了莫斯科實驗室資料庫,以便隱藏數百個潛在的興奮劑案件,並把責任歸咎於舉報人。
Authorities were accused of helping to cover up drug abuse, including while Russia hosted the 2014 Sochi Winter Olympics.
俄羅斯當局被指控幫助掩蓋濫用藥物的事實,包括2014年俄羅斯主辦索契冬季奧運會的時候。
【相關背景】
2017年12月,國際奧委會執委會宣布禁止俄羅斯代表團參加2018年2月在韓國平昌舉行的冬奧會,但是允許符合條件的運動員以中立身份參加個人或集體項目。
A total of 168 Russian athletes competed under a neutral flag at the 2018 Winter Olympics in Pyeongchang.
2018年平昌冬奧會期間,共有168名俄羅斯運動員持中立旗參賽。
這些清白的參賽運動員被稱為「來自俄羅斯的奧林匹克運動員(Olympic Athletes from Russia)」,在平昌冬奧會上,伴隨他們出現的是國際奧委會會旗(the Olympic flag)、國際奧林匹克會歌(the Olympic Anthem),運動員獲得的任何獎牌都不屬於俄羅斯。
▌明年歐洲杯未受影響
Despite the ban, Russia will be able to compete at Euro 2020 - in which St Petersburg will be a host city - as European football's governing body UEFA is not defined as a "major event organization" with regards to rulings on anti-doping breaches.
明年在聖彼得堡舉行的2020年歐洲杯將不受禁令影響,因為在世界反興奮劑機構作出的裁決中,歐足聯未被認定為「大型賽事組織機構」。
FIFA said it had "taken note" of WADA's decision, adding: "FIFA is in contact withWADA to clarify the extent of the decision in regards to football."
國際足聯表示已經「注意到」世界反興奮劑機構的決定,並稱「國際足聯正在與世界反興奮劑機構聯絡,以明確該決定對足球比賽的影響範圍。」
The promoters of the F1 Russian Grand Prix 2020 also said they were "confident" the race would go ahead because their contract was signed before the WADA investigation and runs until 2025.
2020年F1俄羅斯大獎賽宣傳方也表示,他們「相信」比賽會如期舉行,因為賽事合約在世界反興奮劑機構調查前已經籤訂,且有效期到2025年。
▌俄當局回應
Russian President Vladimir Putin slams WADA ban as "politically biased collective punishment" of Russian athletes.
俄羅斯總統普京抨擊WADA禁令是對俄羅斯運動員的「帶有政治偏見的集體懲罰」。
「The key thing, and everyone is in agreement here, any punishment has to be individual, has to be targeted based on what a particular individual has done. We can’t have collective punishment,」 Putin said. 「We cannot punish people who have nothing to do whatsoever with violations.」
「關鍵是,每個人都同意這一點,任何懲罰都必須是針對個人的,必須基於某個人的行為來懲罰。我們不能搞集體懲罰,」普京說道。「我們不能懲罰沒有犯規的人。」
WADA says RUSADA has 21 days to appeal against the ban. If it does so, the appeal will be referred to the Court of Arbitration for Sport (CAS).
世界反興奮劑機構表示,俄羅斯可在21天內對該禁令提出申訴。發起的申訴將交由國際體育仲裁法庭受理。
Putin said the country had grounds to appeal against the decision.
普京表示,俄方有理由對該決定提出申訴。
Notes
禁賽 match ban
藥檢 doping test
公平競爭 fair play
操控實驗室數據 manipulate laboratory data
廉潔體育 clean sport