Why You Need to Know Author's Purpose
為什麼需要知道作者的意圖
Here's your heads up for the day: most standardized tests have a reading comprehension section. I'm fairly certain you knew that, but in case you didn't, you're welcome. What you may not have known is that in most reading comprehension sections, you will be called upon to answer questions about the author's purpose, along with other concepts like main idea, vocabulary in context, inferences and more.
以下是你需要注意的地方：絕大多數標準測試都會有閱讀理解部分。我很確定你知道這個，但是若你不知道，你就來對地方了。你可能不知道，在大多數閱讀理解中，你會被問到作者的意圖是什麼，還有其他的類似於主旨、文中詞彙、推理等。
If you have no idea what author's purpose means you're going to have a hard time finding it, huh? I thought so. Take a peek below to read a little more about this reading skill and how you can find it in those long reading passages on standardized tests.
如果你不知道作者的意圖是什麼，這就意味著你要花很多工夫去找到它，是嗎?我認為是這樣的。那麼你就可以多看看下面有關閱讀技巧的內容，並學會在標準化測試中，找出長段落中作者的意圖。
Author's Purpose Practice
作者的意圖測試
Author's Purpose Basics
作者意圖的基礎
The author's purpose is basically the reason he or she chose to act in a particular way, whether that's writing the passage, selecting a phrase, using a word, etc.
作者的意圖是其採取的獨特方式的基礎原因，不管是在寫作，還是短語的選擇、擇詞等方面。
It differs from the main idea in that author's purpose not the point you're supposed to get or understand; rather, it's the why behind why the author picked up a pen or selected those words in the first place. It can be difficult to determine because, after all, you may not be inside the mind if the writer. You may not actually know why she or he chose to include a particular phrase or idea. The good news? The majority of author's purpose questions will come in multiple choice format. So you won't have to come up with the reason for an author's behavior. You'll just need to select the best choice.
作者的意圖不同於主旨，它並不是為了指出你應該接收或理解什麼，而是為什麼作者當初會開始創作，或者選擇那些詞語。這很難決定，因為你畢竟不知道作者內心的想法。你可能不會知道為什麼作者會採用一個短語或觀點。那麼好消息是什麼呢?大多數考察作者意圖的問題會以不同的形式呈現。所以你並不需要對作者的行為進行原因的分析。你只需要選擇一個最好的就可以了。
If you're trying to determine the author's purpose on a standardized test, your question may look a little something like this:
如果你在一場標準化測試中想要知道作者的意圖，就得問一些類似於這樣的問題:
1. The author most likely mentions the Depression in lines 33 - 34 to:
A. identify the primary purpose for Social Security.
B. criticize FDR's adoption of a program that would run out of money.
C. contrast the effectiveness of the Social Security Program with that of family care.
D. list another factor that contributed to the need for the Social Security Program.
1.在33-34行中，作者提到大蕭條最有可能是為了()
A.指出社會保障的主要目的
B.批評羅斯福總統採用耗盡資金的項目
C.將社會保障的效果與家庭護理進行比較
D.列出另外一個對社會保障需要有力的因素
Author's Purpose Key Words
關於作者意圖的關鍵詞
There are a few key words associated with the author's purpose. Often times, you can narrow down what an author was trying to accomplish by looking at the language he or she used while writing. Take a look at the words below. The bold word will be used in the answer choices. The phrase following the bold words is an explanation of what it really means when you see it.
這裡有一些與作者意圖有關的關鍵詞。很多時候，你可以通過觀察作者寫作時使用的語言，從而將作者意圖的範圍縮小。看看下面的詞語，加粗的詞語是答案的選項。下面的加粗短語是對你看到的其真實含義的解釋。
•Compare: Author wanted to show similarities between ideas
比較：作者想展示觀點之間的相似性
•Contrast: Author wanted to show differences between ideas
對照：作者想展示觀點之間的不同點
•Criticize: Author wanted to give a negative opinion of an idea
批判：作者對觀點持負面看法
•Describe/Illustrate: Author wanted to paint a picture of an idea
描述/闡明：作者想將觀點描繪出來
•Explain: Author wanted to break down an idea into simpler terms
解釋：作者想將觀點分解成更容易理解的的術語
•Identify/List: Author wanted to tell the reader about an idea or series of ideas
鑑定/列表：作者想告訴讀者一個或多個觀點
•Intensify: Author wanted to make an idea greater
強化：作者想使觀點更加有力度
•Suggest: Author wanted to propose an idea
建議：作者想提出一個想法
If you can master these bad boys, then you'll have a much easier time answering those reading comprehension questions on your next standardized test, mostly because these key words are often used so very often in those questions! Bonus![/en
]如果你能夠掌握這些難點，那麼在下一場標準化測試中，你就能輕而易舉地回答出那些閱讀理解的問題，因為這些關鍵詞在那些問題中經常出現!加分!
How to Find The Author's Purpose
怎樣找到作者的意圖
Sometimes, reading for the author's purpose is as simple as just that; you read, and you figure out that the writer really hated the Red Sox and wanted to criticize the whole franchise. Other times, it isn't so simple, so it's good to have a technique to guide you when you're looking!
有時候，想在閱讀中找到作者的意圖十分簡單，你進行閱讀，然後知道作者十分討厭紅襪隊，想批判其運營。在其他時候，它又不是那麼簡單，所以在閱讀時，如果有技巧對你進行指導就再好不過了!
（編輯：何瑩瑩）