用主格代詞還是用賓格代詞
主格代詞和賓格代詞的用法是近幾年高考試題考查的熱點之一,許多考生因為沒有掌握好這方面的知識而常常出錯失分。請先看下面這道高考題:
( NMET 2003 )- Susan, go and join your sister cleancing the yard.
- Why ______? John is sitting there doing nothing.
A. him B. he C. I D. me
此題的正確答案是 D .
下面我們探討一下在什麼情況下用主格代詞,在什麼情況下用賓格代詞。
1. 英語口語中習慣上用人稱代詞的賓格作表語。例如:
It's me. 是我。( It's I. 為正式用法。)
What would you do if you were him?
如果你是他,你怎麼辦?
I didn't expect the winner to be her.
我沒有料到獲勝者會是她。
2. 賓格代詞常出現在下面這樣的感嘆句中:
( 1 )- He's got to repay the money.
他必須償還這筆錢。
- Poor him! 他真倒黴!
( 2 )- She won the match. 她贏得了比賽。
- Lucky her! 她真走運!
3. 如果作主語的人稱代詞孤立地用於無謂語動詞的句子中,常用賓格代詞。在省略句中通常用賓格代詞。例如:
( 1 )- I like watching TV. 我喜歡看電視。
- Me, too. 我也喜歡。
( 2 )- Who wants a lift to the station?
誰想搭便車去車站?
- Me!
我!
( 3 )- Does anybody want another orange?
誰還要桔子?
- Me! 我要!
4. 作主語的人稱代詞與 not 或 why 連用時,常用賓格代詞。例如:
( 1 )- Someone will have to answer for it.
有人會為此負責。
- Not you or me.
不是你也不是我。
( 2 )- Why me? 為什麼是我?
- I was no duty yesterday.
我昨天值班了。
值得注意的是,在上述句式中,通常用第一人稱代詞的賓格作主語,其它人稱的代詞較少見。
5. 在 as 和 than 後面也有用主格代詞或賓格代詞兩種可能性。在口語裡習慣上用賓格代詞,在正式文體中用主格代詞。例如:
My younger brother is as tall as me. / My younger brother is as tall as I ( am ) .
我弟弟和我一樣高。
He is much stronger than me. / He is much stronger than I ( am ) .
他比我強壯得多。
6. 在強調句中有用主格代詞或賓格代詞作主語兩種可能性。在正式文體中用主格代詞,在非正式文體中用賓格代詞。例如:
It was me that told the police.
是我告訴警察的。(非正式文體)
It is I who will take charge of the class meeting tomorrow afternoon.
明天下午將由我主持班會。(正式文體)
7. 在非正式文體中,可以用 who 代替 whom 作賓語,但在正式文體中多用 whom 作賓語,而在介詞後面只能用 whom 作賓語。例如:
Who are you going with?
你和誰一起去?(非正式文體)
Whom do you decide to send to the countryside?
你們決定派誰去農村?(正式文體)
Who did you shake hands with?
你和誰握手了?(非正式文體)
With whom did you shake hands?
你和誰握手了?(正式文體)
8. 「 but / except + 代詞」中的代詞在句中作主語時,宜用主格代詞,在句中作賓語時,宜用賓格代詞。例如:
Nobody but she can solve our problems.
除了她沒有人能解決我們的問題。
All the students like dancing except him.
除了他以外,所有的學生都喜歡跳舞。
(責任編輯:賈志超)