美國宇航局計劃在2024年實現首位女性登月

月宮仙子嫦娥只是中國神話，但在不久的未來，月球上將會迎來第一名人類女性。美國宇航局宣布，計劃在2024年將包括女性在內的一批太空人送往月球，這將是人類自1972年以來首次回到月球表面。

NASA's Artemis program hopes to land astronauts on the Moon in 2024. Credit: NASA

NASA has big plans for 2024.

美國宇航局將在2024年有大動作。

The space agency said that in four years, it plans to land the first woman ever on the Moon and the first man since 1972 through its Artemis program.

美國宇航局稱，計劃在四年後實現首位女性和1972年以來的首位男性登陸月球，任務代號為「阿耳特彌斯」。

The program calls for $28 billion in funding through 2025 for Phase 1, NASA said in its news release.

美國宇航局在新聞稿中稱，該項目在截至2025年的第一階段需耗資280億美元（約合人民幣1898億元）。

Artemis is named after the Greek goddess of the moon and twin sister of Apollo. NASA's Apollo 11 mission succeeded in landing the first humans on the moon on July 20, 1969.

阿耳特彌斯的任務代號得名於古希臘神話中的月亮女神，她是太陽神阿波羅的孿生姐姐。美國宇航局的阿波羅11號任務於1969年7月20日成功讓人類首次登陸月球。

Only 12 humans, all male, have ever walked on the moon and they were all American, according to Bettina Inclán, NASA Communications Director.

美國宇航局通信主管貝蒂娜·因克蘭稱，迄今為止登上月球的只有12個人，而且全是美國男性。

"The last person walked on the Moon in 1972," Inclán said in a statement. "No woman has ever walked on the lunar surface."

因克蘭在一份聲明中稱：「人類上一次登上月球是1972年。還沒有女性登陸過月球。」

In December 2017, President Donald Trump signed Space Policy Directive 1, which called for NASA to send humans to the Moon for the first time since 1972 for "long-term exploration and use" and missions to other planets.

2017年12月，川普總統籤署了1號太空政策指令，要求美國宇航局在1972年後首次將人類送往月球進行「長期探索和利用」以及執行和其他行星有關的任務。

NASA said it hopes that more exploration of the moon will help the US establish a strategic presence in space and grow their international partnerships.

美國宇航局表示，希望對月球的更多探索將幫助美國在太空佔據戰略地位，並增進國際合作。

One billion dollars of the budget will go directly to the development of a commercial human lunar system that will take humans to the moon's surface, NASA said.

美國宇航局稱，預算中的10億美元將直接用於開發商業化的人類月球系統，該系統將把人類送往月球表面。

An allotment of $651 million will be used to support the Orion Spacecraft and the rocket that Boeing is building for the moon mission -- called the Space Launch System or SLS. NASA has already spent at least $11.9 billion on the SLS, which was supposed to be ready by December 2017.

預算中的6.51億美元將用於支持獵戶座飛船和波音為名為「太空發射系統」的登月任務建造的火箭。美國宇航局已經在太空發射系統上投入了至少119億美元，該系統本該在2017年12月準備就緒。

The spacecraft is complete, NASA said, and the core stage and four attached rockets are undergoing final tests in preparation for a "critical hot fire test this fall."

美國宇航局稱，飛船已經造好，核心部分和四個火箭助推器正在進行最終測試，以迎接「今秋的關鍵熱火測試」。

NASA's Artemis I mission is on track to launch in 2021 with two test flights around the Moon without astronauts. However, NASA plans to send robots using commercial delivery services to "send dozens of new science investigations and technology demonstrations" to the Moon twice in 2021.

美國宇航局的「阿耳特彌斯1號」將於2021年發射，開展兩次無人繞月飛行測試。不過，美國宇航局計劃在2021年兩次用商業運載服務讓機器人「將數十項新科學調查和技術展示成果」送往月球。

Artemis II is set to launch in 2023 with astronauts on board in preparation to have Artemis III bring astronauts back to the surface of the Moon.

載人的「阿耳特彌斯2號」將於2023年發射，為讓太空人重回月球表面的阿耳特彌斯3號任務做準備。

The astronauts will be fitted with modern spacesuits that allow for greater flexibility and movement than the spacesuits used by other Apollo-era astronauts, and they will be tasked with collecting samples and conducting a "range of science experiments over the course of nearly seven days."

太空人將穿上比阿波羅時代太空服靈活性更高、更便於運動的現代太空服，他們的任務是收集樣本和「在近七天時間內進行一系列科學實驗」。

The Artemis program will search for and potentially extract resources such as water that can be converted into other usable resources such as oxygen and fuel, and NASA hopes to develop new mobility capabilities that will allow astronauts to explore new regions of the Moon.

阿耳特彌斯計劃將探尋並在可能的情況下開採能轉化為氧氣和燃料等其他有用能源的資源，比如水。美國宇航局希望能研發出新的代步工具，讓太空人可以探索月球的新區域。

英文來源：美國有線電視新聞網

翻譯&編輯：丹妮

來源：中國日報網