11月,第二屆中國國際進口博覽會在上海舉行;治療阿爾茨海默病國產新藥通過審批;中國專家將參與巴黎聖母院修復工作;滴滴「順風車」服務重啟;金磚國家領導人會晤在巴西利亞舉行;國家衛健委提出將無償獻血納入個人徵信;中共中央、國務院印發了《國家積極應對人口老齡化中長期規劃》;教育部出臺文件保障教師懲戒權;嫦娥四號任務團隊獲得英國皇家航空學會2019年度團隊金獎;工信部宣布在全國推出攜號轉網服務。
第二屆中國國際進口博覽會 the second China International Import Expo (CIIE)
第二屆中國國際進口博覽會11月5日在上海開幕。
國家展
Covering a total area of 30,000 square meters, the country exhibitions will host 64 countries (including China) and three international organizations, with uniquely designed pavilions to showcase the countries' development achievements, business environment and special industries.國家展總展覽面積3萬平方米,集中展示各國發展成就、營商環境和特色產業。各國家館的形象設計獨具本國特色,共有64個國家(含中國)、3個國際組織參展。
The 15 guest countries of honor are Cambodia, the Czech Republic, France, Greece, India, Italy, Jamaica, Jordan, Kazakhstan, Malaysia, Peru, Russia, Thailand, Uzbekistan, and Zambia.15個主賓國(按英文字母排序)分別是柬埔寨、捷克、法國、希臘、印度、義大利、牙買加、約旦、哈薩克斯坦、馬來西亞、秘魯、俄羅斯、泰國、烏茲別克斯坦和尚比亞。
企業展
Covering 330,000 square meters, the business exhibitions have attracted more than 3,000 companies from over 150 countries and regions.企業展總展覽面積33萬平方米,來自150多個國家和地區的3000多家企業籤約參展。
第二屆虹橋國際經濟論壇
The second Hongqiao International Economic Forum, under the theme of "Opening-up and Innovation for Win-win Cooperation," includes five parallel sessions and attracts over 4,000 delegates.第二屆虹橋國際經濟論壇主題為「開放創新、合作共贏」,包括5場分論壇,有4000多名代表參會。
The scale of the second CIIE is larger than the first one, with the total exhibition area rising to 360,000 square meters from 300,000 square meters last year.第二屆進博會的規模比第一屆更大。首屆展覽總面積30萬平方米,今年達到36萬平方米。
A total of 71.13 billion US dollars worth of tentative deals were reached for one-year purchases of goods and services during the second China International Import Expo (CIIE), up 23 percent year on year, Sun Chenghai, deputy director of the CIIE bureau, told a press conference Sunday.中國國際進口博覽局副局長孫成海介紹,按一年計,第二屆中國國際進口博覽會累計意向成交711.3億美元,比首屆增長23%。
Among the expo's diverse displays, 391 new products, technologies and services were launched for the first time on the Chinese mainland or worldwide, he added.多樣化的展品中,全球或中國大陸首發新產品、新技術或服務391件。
More than 230 companies from all over the world have signed up for the third CIIE, with their combined exhibition area exceeding 84,000 square meters, according to Sun. Among them are more than 80 Fortune Global 500 companies or industrial leaders, with a total exhibition area of more than 50,000 square meters.截至目前,已有230多家企業籤約報名第三屆企業展,展覽面積超過8.4萬平方米。其中,世界500強和龍頭企業超過80家,展覽面積超過5萬平方米。
治療阿爾茨海默病國產新藥 the world's first innovative therapy for treating Alzheimer's disease
A homegrown drug, GV-971,which is the world's first innovative therapy for treating Alzheimer's disease in 17 years will be available to Chinese patients before the end of this year, its developers said on Sunday.11月3日,治療阿爾茨海默病國產新藥——九期一(○內加「R」)(甘露特鈉,代號:GV—971)的研發機構表示,該藥將在今年年底與國內患者見面,填補了全球阿爾茨海默病治療領域17年無新藥上市的空白。
該藥以海洋褐藻提取物為原料(materials extracted from brown algae),製備獲得的低分子酸性寡糖化合物,可明顯改善輕度至中度阿爾茨海默病患者認知功能(treat mild to moderate forms of the disease and improve cognition)。
Alzheimer's disease, an irreversible and progressive brain disorder that slowly destroys memory, thinking ability and the capability to carry out simple tasks, affects at least 50 million people worldwide, and the number is expected to increase as populations age.阿爾茨海默病是一種不可逆的、漸進型大腦紊亂病症,會緩慢損壞記憶力、思考能力以及執行簡單任務的能力,全世界至少有5000萬患者,隨著人口老齡化加劇,患者數量還會繼續增加。
China has roughly 10 million people with Alzheimer's, the most in the world.我國有阿爾茨海默病患者約1000萬人,是世界上患者人數最多的國家。
新藥作用機制是什麼?
Scientists said the drug functions mainly by rebalancing gut microbiota, reducing neuro-inflammation and reducing cognitive impairment.科學家表示,該藥主要通過重塑腸道菌群平衡,減少相關神經炎症的發生,從而改善認知功能障礙。
新藥效果如何?
A phase III clinical trial of the drug involving 818 patients completed in July last year had "proven to continuously and effectively improve cognition among mild to moderate Alzheimer's disease sufferers over a period of nine months," said Geng Meiyu, lead researcher on the drug and a researcher with the Chinese Academy of Sciences' Shanghai Institute of Materia Medic.該藥主要發明人、中國科學院上海藥物研究所研究員耿美玉介紹,「九期一」的3期臨床試驗研究於去年7月完成了818例受試者的服藥觀察,在為期36周的試驗中,「九期一」能夠明顯改善輕、中度阿爾茨海默病患者的認知功能障礙。
何時上市?
The first production line for the drug will begin running this week. Patients will be able to buy the drug around the country from Dec 29, and more production lines will gradually be put into operation, which will meet the needs of 2 million patients, according to Shanghai Green Valley Pharmaceutical, one of the drug's developers.該藥的研發機構之一、上海綠谷製藥有限公司表示,「九期一」將於本周投產第一批,預計12月29日投放至全國。生產企業正在籌建新工廠,建成後可滿足每年200萬患者用藥量的生產、銷售。
巴黎聖母院修復工作 restoration work of the Notre Dame Cathedral in Paris
Chinese experts will participate in the restoration work of the Notre Dame Cathedral in Paris, said China's National Cultural Heritage Administration (NCHA). China and France will collaborate on the theme and model of the restoration, and select Chinese experts for the cooperative restoration work in 2020.國家文物局表示,中國專家將參與巴黎聖母院修復工作。中法雙方將在2020年確定巴黎聖母院保護修複合作的主題、模式及中方專家人選。
國家文物局局長劉玉珠表示,今年4月巴黎聖母院發生火災後,中法文化遺產主管部門間多次函件來往(in frequent contact),討論合作設想。
【知識點】
The church receives almost 13 million visitors each year, more than the Eiffel Tower巴黎聖母院每年接待近1300萬遊客,高於艾菲爾鐵塔的遊客量。
A Unesco World Heritage site, it was built in the 12th and 13th centuries這裡是聯合國教科文組織世界遺產地,始建於12世紀到13世紀。
Several statues of the facade of the Catholic cathedral were removed for renovation巴黎聖母院正面的幾座雕像因修繕工程而被移走。
The roof, which has been destroyed by the blaze, was made mostly of wood被大火燒毀的屋頂主要是木製結構。
為何會選中國?
Although the specific themes and time frame for Sino-French cooperation on Notre Dame Cathedral is yet to be formally set out, Chai Xiaoming, director of the Chinese Academy of Cultural Heritage, said China can not only contribute general ideas but also detailed technical plans for the upcoming renovation.雖然中法在巴黎聖母院修複合作方面的具體主題和時間框架尚未正式明確,不過,中國文化遺產研究院院長柴曉明表示,在修復工作中,中國在總體理念和具體的技術方案上都能提供幫助。
"China has a great deal of experience in renovating ancient buildings affected by fire, especially ones made of wood," Chai tells China Daily. "This means we could offer suggestions on how to approach the renovation of the oak-framed roof on Notre Dame Cathedral."中國在修復火災受損的古建築,尤其是木製建築方面有大量經驗,這意味著我們可以在如何修復巴黎聖母院橡木結構屋頂這個問題上提供建議。
拓展中法文化遺產合作的深度
The two sides will also launch science and technology exchanges and training programs on the protection of the Terracotta Warriors in the northwestern Chinese city of Xi'an, according to the document.文件還明確中法雙方將就陝西秦始皇陵兵馬俑保護開展技術與科學交流及培訓項目。
劉玉珠表示:
The Terracotta Warriors and Notre Dame are the most important symbols among the UNESCO World Heritage sites of China and France respectively. This collaboration shows our established relationship and highlights the mutual trust between the two countries.秦始皇陵兵馬俑和巴黎聖母院是中法兩國最重要的聯合國教科文組織世界遺產。這次合作體現了雙方信任程度和合作深度。
The project will greatly expand the horizons of Sino-French cooperation in terms of cultural heritage. It will set a good example to the world.該修復項目將極大拓展中法文化遺產合作的深度,在世界範圍內產生積極示範效應。
順風車 hitchhike ride
The trial of the hitchhiking service will start in the cities of Harbin, Taiyuan, Shijiazhuang and Changzhou from Nov 20 and cover Shenyang, Beijing and Nantong from Nov 29, Didi said.滴滴表示,順風車服務將於11月20日起在哈爾濱、太原、石家莊以及常州,11月29日起在瀋陽、北京和南通開始試運營。
順風車(ride sharing/hitchhiking service)只是網約車平臺提供的眾多服務之一,其他還包括專車(tailored taxi service)、快車(fast ride)、計程車(taxi hailing)、單車(bike sharing)、代駕(chauffeuring)、自駕租車(car rental)等。
方案提到,試運營期間,將在上述7個城市首先提供5時至23時(女性5時至20時)、市內中短途(50公裡以內)的順風車平臺服務。試運營期間,不收取信息服務費。
不過,方案中關於女性乘客使用時間問題卻引發了爭議。
當天下午,滴滴回應稱:
The relaunch is only a trial in limited regions, and that the hitchhiking service will continue to improve in line with feedback from the public.目前公布的是順風車小範圍試運行方案,未來正式上線的方案,將根據社會各方的意見反饋不斷完善。
11月7日晚,滴滴發布公告決定對順風車試運營規則進行調整。
The company said that it would offer Hitch service from 5 am to 8 pm for all users during the trial period.滴滴表示,試運營期間,對所有順風車用戶提供服務的時間均調整為5時-20時。
"The change of the service time to between 5 am to 8 pm might not be the perfect solution. But it's the optimal choice after taking all conditions into consideration," the company said in a statement.該公司在聲明中表示,「試運營時間調整為5點至20點一定不是最完美的方案,但確實是我們在各種條件下權衡做出的選擇。」
至於為何不將服務時間統一調整至23時,滴滴在公告中也進行了解釋。
The company said it had considered prolonging the Hitch service to passengers of both genders until 11 pm. But it said that during the time it was operating Hitch, it had seen a big increase in passenger complaints after 8 pm, so it decided on the more conservative operating hours for the test period.滴滴表示,也曾考慮過將運營時間統一調整為23點,但是根據順風車過往安全投訴數據統計,20點以後的乘客投訴數量會激增,因此決定在試運營期間採用更加保守的方案。
全國人口普查 national census
China plans to conduct its seventh national census in 2020, the State Council announced Friday. The census, to begin on Nov 1, 2020, will survey the amount, structure and distribution of the population, as well as rural and urban housing situation, according to a notice issued by the State Council.國務院11月8日發布通知,我國將於2020年開展第七次全國人口普查。普查將於2020年11月1日開始,全面查清我國人口數量、結構、分布、城鄉住房等方面情況。
【知識點】
全國人口普查(national census)是指在國家統一規定的時間內(within a defined period),按照統一的方法、統一的項目、統一的調查表和統一的標準時點(using the same method, categories and survey forms at a set time),對全國人口普遍地、逐戶逐人地進行的一次性調查登記。
普查對象是普查標準時點在中華人民共和國境內的自然人(the natural persons living within the territory of the People's Republic of China on the standard time point of census)以及在中華人民共和國境外但未定居的中國公民(the Chinese citizens who are outside the territory of the People's Republic of China but have not become permanent residents of the other country),不包括在中華人民共和國境內短期停留的境外人員(foreigners who are making a short-term stay within the territory of the People's Republic of China shall be excluded)。
普查的內容包括姓名(name)、公民身份號碼(ID number)、性別(gender)、年齡(age)、民族(ethnicity)、受教育程度(education background)、行業(industry)、職業(profession)、遷移流動(migration)、婚姻生育(marriage and childbearing status)、死亡(death)、住房情況(housing situation)等。
【小百科】
除了全國人口普查以外,還有全國經濟普查和全國農業普查。
全國經濟普查(national economic census)是國家為全面詳細了解我國二、三產業(secondary and tertiary industries)發展狀況而統一組織的一項重大國情國力調查,是國家為摸清「家底」、掌握國情國力而採取的有效方法。全國經濟普查每5年進行一次。除第一次全國經濟普查國務院確定在2004年實施外,以後均在逢3、逢8的年份實施。
全國農業普查(national agricultural census)是按照國家規定的統一方法、統一時間、統一表式和統一內容,主要採取普查人員直接到戶、到單位訪問登記的辦法,全面收集農村(rural areas)、農業(agriculture)和農民(farmers)有關情況,為研究制定農村經濟社會發展規劃(rural social and economic development plan)和新農村建設政策(policies on building of new countryside)提供依據,為農業生產經營者和社會公眾提供統計信息服務。農業普查在中國每十年進行一次。我國已經成功進行過三次全國農業普查,分別在1997年、2007年和2017年。
通知明確,要建立健全普查數據質量追溯和問責機制(a data quality-tracking and accountability mechanism),各級人民政府統計機構要加大對普查工作中違紀違法行為的查處和通報曝光力度(toughen the punishment of illegal acts during the census),堅決杜絕人為幹擾普查工作的現象,確保普查工作順利進行和普查數據真實準確。要全流程加強對公民個人信息的保護,各級普查機構及其工作人員必須嚴格履行保密義務,嚴禁向任何機構、單位、個人洩露或出售公民個人信息(no one is allowed to leak or sell personal information to any institution, unit or individual)。
圈養大熊貓 captive pandas
A total of 60 captive panda cubs were born, 57 of which survived this year, leading to a captive panda population of 600 worldwide, China's National Forestry and Grassland Administration said Tuesday.國家林草局11月12日表示,2019年共繁殖大熊貓60隻,存活57隻,全球圈養大熊貓數量達到600隻。
【單詞講解】
我們知道這裡的cub指的是熊貓「幼崽」,其實,這個詞可以用來指代好幾種動物的「幼崽」,比如:leopard(豹)、lion(獅子)、tiger(虎)等。此外,還有一些常見動物的「幼崽」表達方式,我們也來了解一下:sheep(綿羊)--lambpig(豬)--piglet/ porkling / gilthorse(馬)--foal / colt / fillygoat(山羊)--kidgoose(鵝)--goslingduck(鴨)--ducklingdog(狗)--puppycat(貓)--kitten
The rising number of captive pandas showed that a healthy, dynamic and sustainable captive panda population has basically taken shape, according to the administration, adding research on wild giant pandas is also making progress.國家林草局指出,圈養大熊貓種群數量再創新高,健康、有活力、可持續發展的圈養種群已基本形成。以此為基礎,大熊貓野化放歸研究工作也正穩步開展。
There are fewer than 2,000 pandas living in the wild, mostly in the provinces of Sichuan and Shaanxi.目前,野外生存的大熊貓不到2000隻,大部分生活在四川和陝西省。
馬首銅像 bronze horse-head statue
A red bronze horse-head statue was donated back by Macao-based tycoon and collector Stanley Ho Hung-sun and handed over to the National Cultural Heritage Administration in Beijing on Wednesday.11月13日,澳門商人及收藏家何鴻燊捐贈馬首銅像,使其「返鄉」,馬首將劃歸北京圓明園管理處收藏。
圓明園獸首銅像原為圓明園海晏堂外噴泉的一部分。這十二尊生肖獸首銅像(the bronze statues in the form of 12 Chinese Zodiac Signs)鑄造於乾隆年間,由當時的宮廷西洋畫師義大利人郎世寧主持設計,宮廷匠師製作。獸首銅像鑄造完成後,呈「八」字形分列在噴水池兩旁的人身石臺上,每個動物就是一個噴泉機關(fountain switch)。
These animal-head taps took turns to spray water during different hours within a day, at noon, a salvo would happen.每天,十二生肖獸首銅像依次噴水,分別代表全日不同時分。正午時分,十二獸首會同時噴水。
The invading Anglo-French Alliance Forces rampaged through the Old Summer Palace and set it on fire in 1860. Numerous national treasures, including the 12 animal-head statues, were taken abroad in the havoc.1860年英法聯軍侵入北京,圓明園慘遭劫掠焚毀,很多國寶級文物及12生肖獸首銅像一同流失海外。
返鄉之路
2007年8月,國家文物局獲悉圓明園馬首銅像即將在香港蘇富比拍賣有限公司拍賣,並第一時間表達了終止公開拍賣的堅定立場和促成文物回歸的良好意願,香港蘇富比公司對此給予積極配合。
Ho spent HK$ 69.1 million ($8.8 million) to buy the statue in September 2007, and publicly exhibited it in Hong Kong and Macao promoting patriotism and people's consciousness protecting cultural relics.2007年9月,何鴻燊以6910萬港元拍下馬首銅像,並在港澳地區公開展出,希望藉此帶動更多人參與保護中國文物的工作,共同宣揚愛國愛民族意識。
Ho decided to donate it back to the mainland on 20th anniversary of Macao's return to China, after he contacted the National Cultural Heritage Administration, which said the statue will be given back to the Yuanmingyuan administration.為慶祝澳門回歸20周年,何鴻燊聯繫國家文物局,決定將馬首銅像捐贈給國家,國家文物局表示,將馬首銅像劃撥北京市圓明園管理處收藏。
高空拋物 high-rise littering
Acts of deliberately throwing objects from a high altitude will be treated as a crime of endangering public safety by dangerous means, intentional injury or intentional homicide depending on specific situations, according to a new guideline issued by the Supreme People's Court.最高法發布的意見明確,對於故意高空拋物的,根據具體情形按照以危險方法危害公共安全罪、故意傷害罪或故意殺人罪論處。
意見規定,
故意從高空拋棄物品,尚未造成嚴重後果,但足以危害公共安全的(intentional high-rise littering activities that have not caused serious consequences but are sufficient to endanger public safety),依照刑法第一百一十四條規定的以危險方法危害公共安全罪定罪處罰;
致人重傷、死亡或者使公私財產遭受重大損失的(those who inflict serious injury or death on people or cause heavy losses of public or private property),依照刑法第一百一十五條第一款的規定處罰。
為傷害、殺害特定人員實施上述行為的(anyone who commits the acts with the purpose of injuring or killing a specific person),依照故意傷害罪、故意殺人罪定罪處罰。
意見明確提出,依法從重懲治高空拋物犯罪。具有下列情形之一的,應當從重處罰,一般不得適用緩刑:
多次實施的(repeatedly committing the acts);
經勸阻仍繼續實施的(continuing to carry out such acts after being dissuaded from doing so);
受過刑事處罰或者行政處罰後又實施的(committing the acts after receiving criminal or administrative punishment);
在人員密集場所實施的(conducting the acts in crowded places);
其他情節嚴重的情形。
意見規定,過失導致物品從高空墜落,致人死亡、重傷(anyone who causes objects to fall from high altitudes due to negligence, resulting in serious injury or death),符合刑法第二百三十三條、第二百三十五條規定的,依照過失致人死亡罪(manslaughter)、過失致人重傷罪(severe injury due to negligence)定罪處罰。在生產、作業中違反有關安全管理規定,從高空墜落物品,發生重大傷亡事故或者造成其他嚴重後果的,依照刑法第一百三十四條第一款的規定,以重大責任事故罪(crime of major accident liability)定罪處罰。
金磚國家新工業革命夥伴關係 BRICS partnership on new industrial revolution
President Xi Jinping on Wednesday called on the business circles to actively participate and promote BRICS economic cooperation so as to make tangible contributions to economic growth and job creation. Xi made the remarks when addressing the closing ceremony of the BRICS business forum in the Brazilian capital.當地時間11月13日,金磚國家工商論壇閉幕式在巴西利亞舉行。國家主席習近平出席並發表講話。習近平指出,希望工商界朋友們踴躍參與和推動金磚國家經濟合作,為促進增長、創造就業作出實實在在的貢獻。
【重要講話】
金磚國家新工業革命夥伴關係是下階段金磚經濟合作的一個重要抓手。要敢於先行先試,將企業合作同新工業革命夥伴關係結合起來,爭取在創新、數字經濟、綠色經濟等領域拿出更多亮眼成果,助力五國經濟實現高質量發展。The BRICS partnership on new industrial revolution is vital to BRICS economic cooperation at the next stage, the business sector should integrate business cooperation with the BRICS partnership on new industrial revolution, and produce more spotlight results in such areas as innovation, digital economy and green economy so as to promote high-quality development of BRICS economies.——2019年11月13日,習近平出席金磚國家工商論壇閉幕式並發表講話
世界一流港口 world-class ports
Nine government agencies including the Ministry of Transport and the National Development and Reform Commission released a guideline to accelerate the building of world-class ports. By 2035, major ports should advance to world-class levels and by 2050, several world-class port clusters should be formed, with leading development levels, according to the guideline.交通運輸部、國家發改委等9個部門聯合印發《關於建設世界一流港口的指導意見》。《意見》提出,到2035年,主要港口總體達到世界一流水平;到2050年,形成若干個世界級港口群,發展水平位居世界前列。
【重要講話】
海洋是高質量發展戰略要地。要加快建設世界一流的海洋港口、完善的現代海洋產業體系、綠色可持續的海洋生態環境,為海洋強國建設作出貢獻。The oceans are strategically important to high-quality development. We should speed up the progress in the construction of world-class sea ports, a well-established modern maritime industry system, and a green and sustainable marine ecological environment to push for the building of a maritime power.——2018年3月8日,習近平在參加十三屆全國人大一次會議山東代表團審議時強調
大風 strong gale
Beijing Municipal Meteorological Center issued a yellow gale alert from Sunday afternoon to noon on Monday. The capital will experience strong winds of up to 88 kilometers per hour, and its lowest temperature will reach around minus 4 C in the following days.北京市氣象臺發布11月17日下午至18日中午的大風黃色預警,在此期間,北京市將有時速88公裡的大風(即9級大風),之後幾天的最低氣溫將降至零下4度左右。
【小百科】
氣象學上劃分風力等級的方法由愛爾蘭人法蘭西·蒲福海軍上將在1805年左右制定,因此被稱為「蒲福氏風級(Beaufort Scale)」。按強弱,將風力劃為「零」至「十二」,共十三個等級。
0--無風,Calm,風速小於1km/h1--輕微/微風/軟風,Light air,風速1-5km/h2--輕微/微風/輕風,Light breeze,風速6-11km/h3--和緩/溫和/微風,Gentle breeze,風速12-19km/h4--和緩/和風,Moderate breeze,風速20-28km/h5--清勁/清風,Fresh breeze,風速29-38km/h6--強風,Strong breeze,風速39-49km/h7--強風/疾風,Near gale,風速50-61km/h8--烈風/大風,Gale,風速62-74km/h9--烈風,Strong gale,風速75-88km/h10--暴風/狂風,Storm,風速89-102km/h11--暴風,Violent storm,風速103-117km/h12--颶風,Hurricane,風速118-133km/h
On Sunday afternoon, the National Meteorological Center issued a blue alert for gales in central and eastern China and a yellow alert for snowstorms in the northeastern provinces of Jilin and Heilongjiang.11月17日下午,中央氣象臺發布中東部大風藍色預警以及東北地區吉林和黑龍江暴雪黃色預警。
The cold front will continue to affect central and eastern China in the next two days, causing the temperature to drop by 6 to 10 C.未來兩天,冷空氣還將影響中東部地區,氣溫將下降6到10攝氏度。
【詞彙講解】
人們通常用cold snap、cold wave、cold front、cold spell來表達寒潮。寒潮是指strong cold air(強冷空氣)由亞洲大陸西部或西北部侵襲中國時的強降溫天氣過程,一般多發生在秋末、冬季、初春時節。
當範圍很大的cold air mass(冷氣團)聚集到一定程度,就會大規模向南入侵,形成寒潮天氣。寒潮地面高壓的前端一般都有一條cold front(冷鋒)。寒潮過後,當地會受low pressure area(低氣壓)控制。
大風降溫天氣,大家要注意保暖、補水保溼,這份降溫「自保」攻略請收好。
口罩加身(use face masks),保暖防病:口罩是必不可少的防寒工具,既可以有效防止灰塵、浮沉侵襲肌膚,又可以防止被凜冽的寒風吹得生疼。
溫水洗臉(wash face with warm water),多喝熱水:洗臉水溫控制在20-37℃,選用保溼效果較好的護膚品。多喝熱水,每天的飲水量因人而異,但「多喝熱水」在大風降溫的時候,絕不是敷衍。
戴上護膝(protect knees),保護關節:很多人會在大風天氣時感到關節疼痛,不妨戴上護膝、護腕,保護關節。
開窗換氣(ventilation),以適溫差:室內外溫差過大會導致疾病高發,可以視外面空氣情況,每天開窗通風兩次,每次30分鐘左右。
穿衣適度(wrap up properly),增強免疫力:在保證身體不冷的前提下,不宜捂得過嚴,捂出汗反而會降低免疫力。
走私違禁物品 smuggling of banned substances
The judicial interpretation offers guidelines and criteria for imposing penalties in cases involving the smuggling and illegal sale of banned substances. The judicial interpretation will take effect on Jan 1, 2020.根據司法實踐情況,該司法解釋對違禁物品走私、非法銷售等行為的定罪量刑提供了指導意見及標準。該解釋自2020年1月1日施行。
司法解釋(judicial interpretation)是司法機關對法律、法規(法令)的進一步明確界限所做的補充規定。
該司法解釋主要明確了以下內容:
一是加強源頭管理。
Those who involve in illegal selling of banned substances stipulated in laws and administrative regulations will be subject to criminal punishment for illegal business operations.非法經營興奮劑目錄所列物質,涉案物質屬於法律、行政法規規定的限制買賣的物品的,可以非法經營罪定罪處罰。
二是懲治非法使用行為。
Those who force, organize, lure or cheat minors or people with disabilities under their guardianship into using performance-enhancing drugs in sports activities and harm physical and mental health of the latter will face criminal penalty for maltreatment.組織、強迫、引誘、欺騙未成年人、殘疾人在體育運動中非法使用興奮劑,嚴重損害未成年人、殘疾人身心健康的,以虐待被監護、看護人罪定罪處罰。
In the athletic test section of national-level examinations, including the college entrance examination and the civil servant examination, those who organize the doping of candidates will be penalized in accordance with the standards employed for those found guilty of the crime of cheating on exams, according to the interpretation.在普通高等學校招生、公務員錄用等法律規定的國家考試涉及的體育、體能測試等體育運動中,組織考生非法使用興奮劑的,以組織考試作弊罪定罪處罰。
三是壓實監管責任。
For those who work in state organs or anti-doping agencies but abuse their power or fail to do their job when performing anti-doping duties, causing serious doping violations, seriously damaging the national reputation or causing negative social influence, they will be punished in accordance with the standards for the crimes of abuse of power and dereliction of duty, it said.國家機關工作人員以及行使反興奮劑管理職權單位的工作人員,在行使反興奮劑管理職權時濫用職權或者玩忽職守,造成嚴重興奮劑違規事件,嚴重損害國家聲譽或者造成惡劣社會影響的,以濫用職權罪、玩忽職守罪定罪處罰。
世界醫學院校名錄 World Directory of Medical Schools
近日,變更後的《世界醫學院校名錄》(WDMS)中不再包括北京中醫藥大學、上海中醫藥大學、天津中醫藥大學、遼寧中醫藥大學、貴州中醫藥大學、山西中醫藥大學、黑龍江中醫藥大學、雲南中醫藥大學等8所中醫藥大學。該消息在網上引發關注。
The Ministry of Education on Monday dismissed worries that the removal of eight universities specializing in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) from the World Directory of Medical Schools would affect graduates' ability to obtain medical licenses.11月18日,教育部對網友的擔憂回應稱,這8所學校不在《世界醫學院校名錄》中並不會影響這些學校的畢業生獲取醫師資格。
【知識點】
《世界醫學院校名錄(World Directory of Medical Schools)》最早在1953年由世界衛生組織出版,2007年8月起,交由世界醫學教育聯合會(the World Federation for Medical Education,WFME)管理。2014年4月,舊版的《世界醫學院校名錄》跟國際醫學教育和研究促進基金會(the Foundation for Advancement of International Medical Education and Research,FAIMER)出版的《國際醫學教育名錄(International Medical Education Directory)》合併成為如今的《世界醫學院校名錄》。名錄會列出醫學院校的基本信息、聯繫方式、附屬機構、課程安排以及招生情況,旨在為有意就讀醫科的學生、醫療監管機構、公眾以及研究人員提供醫科院校的各方面信息。
《世界醫學院校名錄》官網信息表示,列入該名錄的學校並不代表被該名錄或者合作機構認可、認證或背書(the listing of a medical school in the World Directory of Medical Schools does not denote recognition, accreditation, or endorsement by the World Directory of Medical Schools or by its partner organizations)。
The ministry said TCM universities are important parts of China's medical colleges and universities, and TCM graduates have the qualifications to get their degrees and attend medical licensing examinations based on relevant laws.教育部表示,中醫藥院校是中國高等醫學院校不可或缺的重要組成部分,按照國家相關法律規定,中醫藥院校的畢業生有資格獲得相應的學位,並參加執業醫師資格考試。
Such a fact will not be changed or influenced by a decision made by a nongovernmental organization to remove them from its directory, the ministry said.這一事實,不會因為一個非政府組織管理的院校名錄沒有收錄這些中醫藥院校而受到影響、發生改變。
無償獻血 voluntary blood donations
近日,國家衛健委會同多部門印發了《關於進一步促進無償獻血工作健康發展的通知》,提出建立無償獻血激勵機制。
The document urged the incorporation of voluntary blood donations into the social credit system across the nation, and the establishment of an incentive mechanism that provides donors with preferential treatment in using communal facilities or visiting government-run parks.通知提出,各地應探索將無償獻血納入社會徵信系統,建立無償獻血激勵機制,對獻血者使用公共設施、參觀遊覽政府辦公園等提供優惠待遇。
在提升血站服務水平方面,通知要求,探索建立「網際網路+無償獻血(Internet Plus voluntary blood donation)」服務模式,為獻血者提供個性化服務(provide personalized services for blood donors)。
The current preferential policy for voluntary blood donors should be improved so that when they or their immediate family members are discharged from the hospital, they could receive a deduction or exemption of blood fees more conveniently.完善無償獻血者優惠待遇流程,使獻血者及直系親屬出院時減免用血費用流程更加便利。
通知提出,應持續提升血液安全。指導血站建立健全質量安全管理體系(blood safety management),完善高危獻血者屏蔽和淘汰制度,健全血液預警機制。相關部門要根據當地傳染病流行情況,完善血液篩查策略(improve blood screening strategies based on the local epidemic situation)。
通知稱,要提升貧困地區血液保障能力(blood supply and security capacity should also be improved in poverty-stricken areas)。將提升貧困地區血液供應保障能力作為完善血液供應體系、保障民眾生命健康權益的重要內容,加大貧困地區採供血網絡建設力度。
對於無償獻血納入社會徵信,很多網友表示,獻血與個人信用並沒有多大關係。
光明網就此發表評論表示,社會徵信體系的使用,仍然需要遵循嚴格的使用邊界(there should be a clear boundary where social credit system is applied),它並不是一個什麼都能裝的筐。嚴格來說,只有那些跟公民信用緊密相關的項目,才能夠納入其中(only acts closely linked to personal credit should be taken into social credit system)。像無償獻血這種善舉,儘管有很強的公益性,值得鼓勵推廣,但未必就關乎個人信用。
A voluntary blood donor may refuse to pay his/her debt, while someone who doesn't participate in blood donation may have a perfect credit record.一個獻血的人同樣可能賴帳,一個不獻血的人,也可能和失信完全不搭邊。
人口老齡化 population aging
近日,中共中央、國務院印發了《國家積極應對人口老齡化中長期規劃》(以下簡稱《規劃》)。《規劃》近期至2022年,中期至2035年,遠期展望至2050年,是到本世紀中葉我國積極應對人口老齡化的戰略性、綜合性、指導性文件。
The plan requires establishing the basic institutional framework for tackling population aging by 2022. By the middle of the century, a mature institutional arrangement that meets the needs of a great modern socialist country should be put into place.《規劃》明確,到2022年,我國積極應對人口老齡化的制度框架初步建立;到本世紀中葉,與社會主義現代化強國相適應的應對人口老齡化制度安排成熟完備。
【知識點】
人口老齡化(population aging)是世界各國都在面臨的一個社會現象。聯合國《2019世界人口展望》的數據顯示:
By 2050, one in six people in the world will be over age 65 (16%), up from one in 11 in 2019 (9%). By 2050, one in four persons living in Europe and Northern America could be aged 65 or over.
到2050年,65歲以上人口佔全世界總人口的比例將由2019年的9%上升到16%,歐美地區65歲以上人口將佔該地區總人口的四分之一。
In 2018, for the first time in history, persons aged 65 or above outnumbered children under five years of age globally. The number of persons aged 80 years or over is projected to triple, from 143 million in 2019 to 426 million in 2050.
2018年,全世界65歲以上人口的總數首次超過5歲以下人口總數。預計到2050年,80歲以上人口總數將是2019年的三倍,由1.43億增加至4.26億。
《規劃》從5個方面部署了應對人口老齡化的具體工作任務。
一是夯實應對人口老齡化的社會財富儲備。
It calls for improving the national income distribution system, steadily increasing the pension reserves and establish a fairer and more sustainable social security system.通過完善國民收入分配體系,穩步增加養老財富儲備,健全更加公平更可持續的社會保障制度。
二是改善人口老齡化背景下的勞動力有效供給。
This requires improving the quality of new members of the labor force, establishing a lifelong learning system for senior citizens, and striving to achieve fuller employment and create better quality jobs.通過提升新增勞動力質量、構建老有所學的終身學習體系,實現更高質量和更加充分就業。
三是打造高質量的為老服務和產品供給體系。
A high-quality health service system including health education, disease prevention and treatment, rehabilitation nursing, long-term nursing and hospice care should be established, according to the plan.建立和完善包括健康教育、預防保健、疾病診治、康復護理、長期照護、安寧療護的高質量老年健康服務體系。
四是強化應對人口老齡化的科技創新能力。
The plan also values the application of technology in responding to population aging including strengthening the development of assistive technologies for senior citizens.加大老年健康科技支撐力度,加強老年輔助技術研發和應用。
五是構建養老、孝老、敬老的社會環境。
It also calls for fostering a social environment in which senior citizens are respected, cared for, and live happily in their later years. The legal system will be improved to protect the lawful rights and interests of senior citizens.建設養老、敬老、讓老人安度晚年的社會環境,強化應對人口老齡化的法治環境,保障老年人合法權益。
教育懲戒 school discipline
為保障和規範教師依法履行教育、管理學生的職責,維護師道尊嚴,促進學生全面發展、健康成長,教育部近日對外發布《中小學教師實施教育懲戒規則(徵求意見稿)》,公眾可於2019年12月22日前提出反饋意見。
The regulation prohibits punishments that directly cause physical pain to students, such as hitting and poking with sharp objects, and punishments that violate students' dignity, such as insults and discriminatory or insulting words and acts.該規則禁止教師以擊打、刺扎等方式,實施直接造成身體痛苦的體罰行為,以及辱罵或者以帶有歧視、侮辱的言行貶損等侵犯學生人格尊嚴的行為。
【名詞解釋】
本規則所稱教育懲戒(school discipline),是指教師和學校在教育教學過程和管理中基於教育目的與需要,對違規違紀、言行失範的學生進行制止、管束或者以特定方式予以糾正(to stop, discipline or correct in certain way the students whose behavior is inappropriate or breaks rules and regulations),使學生引以為戒,認識和改正錯誤的職務行為。
直接造成身體痛苦的體罰行為在英語裡叫corporal punishment或physical punishment。
徵求意見稿指出,教師實施教育懲戒,應當遵循育人為本、合法合規、過罰適當、保障安全的原則,並根據學生違規違紀行為採取一般懲戒、較重懲戒、嚴重懲戒等懲戒行為。
一般懲戒
教師在課堂教學、日常管理中,根據學生違規違紀情形,可以採取以下方式當場進行教育懲戒:
(一)點名批評(name and shame);
(二)責令賠禮道歉、做口頭或者書面檢討(make oral or written apology);
(三)適當增加運動要求(do additional physical exercise);
(四)不超過一節課堂教學時間的教室內站立或者面壁反省(forced standing that lasts no longer than one class session);
(五)暫扣學生用以違反紀律、擾亂秩序或者違規攜帶的物品(confiscate objects that were used in disturbing activities);
(六)課後留校教導(keep them at school for further discipline);
(七)學校校規規定的其他適當措施。
較重懲戒
學生違反校規校紀,情節較重或者經現場教育懲戒拒不改正的,教師經學校德育工作負責人同意,可以實施以下教育懲戒措施,並應當通知家長:
(一)暫停或者限制學生參加課程表以外的遊覽、社會實踐以及其他外出集體活動(extracurricular activities suspended);
(二)承擔校內公共服務任務(perform public service on campus);
(三)由學校學生德育工作負責人予以訓導(disciplined by teachers in charge of moral education);
(四)在學校設置的專門教育場所隔離反省或者接受專門的校規校紀、行為規則教育(isolated for discipline);
(五)要求家長到校陪讀(presence of parents required);
(六)學校校規規定的其他適當措施。
嚴重懲戒
學生違規違紀、行為失範,屢教不改的,或者嚴重影響教育教學秩序的,或者有欺凌同學、辱罵毆打教師等惡劣情節的,教師應當提請學校採取以下措施進行教育懲戒:
(一)給予不超過一周的停課或者停學,要求家長帶回配合開展教育(suspended from school for no more than one week);
(二)由法治副校長或法治輔導員予以訓誡(disciplined by vice headmaster in charge of school governance);
(三)安排專門的教育場所,由專業人員進行輔導、矯治(go through correction session at a designated place);
(四)改變教育環境或者限期轉學(transfer to another school within a limited period of time);
(五)學校校規規定的其他適當措施。
嫦娥四號任務團隊 Chang'e 4 Lunar Landing Mission Team
當地時間11月25日,英國皇家航空學會2019年度頒獎典禮在英國倫敦舉行,中國嫦娥四號任務團隊獲得本年度團隊金獎。
The Team Gold Medal presented to China's Chang'e 4 Lunar Landing Mission Team is the first award ever that was presented to a team from China by the Royal Aeronautical Society (RAeS) since its inception 153 years ago.中國嫦娥四號任務團隊獲得的團隊金獎是英國皇家航空學會成立153年來首次向中國項目頒發的獎項。
【知識點】
英國皇家航空學會(the Royal Aeronautical Society,RAeS)成立於1866年,是國際上歷史悠久的航空航天專業組織,該學會設立年度獎項,旨在表彰世界範圍內在航空航天領域取得傑出成就的團隊和個人(leaders in aviation and aerospace recognized for their significant contributions)。
嫦娥四號任務團隊為啥得獎?
英國皇家航空學會獎項委員會主席比爾·特雅克(Bill Tyack)指出:
The team earned the Team Gold Medal for its outstanding achievement of the first soft landing on the far side of the moon.嫦娥四號首次在月球背面實現軟著陸,這是了不起的成就,獲得團隊金獎實至名歸。
Another first for the mission was the release of a piggyback microsatellite during the Earth-moon transfer orbit, which orbited the moon for astronomical observation.該任務團隊實現的另一個第一次是在地月轉移軌道期間發射搭載的微衛星,沿月球軌道進行天文觀測。
中國探月工程總設計師吳偉仁院士率嫦娥四號任務團隊代表,受邀參加了此次頒獎典禮。吳偉仁表示:
The award is a testimony of increasing international recognition of China's lunar exploration project and its overall aerospace development.這個獎項說明中國的探月工程以及整體的航天事業發展正逐步受到國際社會的認可。
Space exploration is a common aspiration shared by humankind, which is very significant for the future of human society. Therefore, we expect more international cooperation to jointly explore outer space and pursue scientific discoveries.太空探索是全人類共同的夢想,對人類社會未來的發展至關重要。因此,我們希望有更多的國際合作,共同助力人類太空探索與科學發現。
嫦娥四號成績單亮眼
The Chang'e-4 probe made the first-ever soft landing on the Von Karman Crater in the South Pole-Aitken Basin on the far side of the moon on Jan 3, 2019.2019年1月3日,嫦娥四號探測器成功著陸在月球背面艾特肯盆地馮·卡門撞擊坑。
According to the China National Space Administration (CNSA), the lander has worked for more than 300 days, far beyond its design life, while the rover has traveled more than 300 meters despite the complexity of the topography on the far side of the moon.國家航天局表示,截至目前,嫦娥四號在月球背面的工作時長已超過300天,遠遠超出設計壽命;「玉兔二號」巡視器克服月背複雜地形等障礙,行駛裡程也已超過300米,實現了「雙三百」的突破。
在2018年發射並部署在地-月拉格朗日2點的「鵲橋」號中繼星支持下,嫦娥四號著陸器與「玉兔二號」巡視器分別開展了就位探測和巡視勘察,取得了一系列重要的科學發現成果,其中包括:
It has acquired geographic information on, among others, the topography, structure and composition of the landing area.獲取了著陸區形貌、構造、成分等地質信息。
It has also made discoveries of rock which are of great scientific value for revealing the geographic evolution of the South Pole-Aitken Basin and early evolutionary history of the lunar crust.獲得對揭示艾特肯盆地地質演化乃至月殼早期演化歷史等科學問題具有重要價值的發現。
In addition, the mission has collected a lot of data and initial findings in areas such as neutral atoms, neutrons on the lunar surface and low-frequency radio spectrums.在中性原子、月表中子與輻射劑量及低頻射電頻譜等領域獲取了大量數據,並取得了初步分析結果。
嫦娥五號計劃明年發射
Chang'e-5 is scheduled to be launched next year and is expected to bring back samples from the moon.嫦娥五號計劃明年發射,並實現月面採樣返回。
攜號轉網 mobile number portability
China launched a mobile number portability program across the country Wednesday, allowing cellphone subscribers to switch service carriers without changing phone numbers, according to the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology.工信部11月27日宣布在全國推出攜號轉網服務,手機用戶可以在不換號碼的情況下更換電信服務運營商。
所謂「攜號轉網」,就是號碼可攜帶、移機不改號,手機用戶可以在不換號碼的情況下更換不同的基礎電信運營商,原手機號碼繼續保留,在英語裡一般用mobile number portability表示,也可以更直觀地說switch telecom networks without changing number。
2018年12月1日,天津、海南、江西、湖北、雲南五省(市)率先進行攜號轉網試運行。
As of Nov 26, about 3.16 million subscribers have completed number porting in five pilot provincial-level regions, showed MIIT data.工信部的數據顯示,截止11月26日,試運行的五省市約有316萬用戶完成攜號轉網。
試運行期間,不少想攜號轉網的用戶遇到了一些「門檻」和問題。比如,「在網協議」沒到期怎麼辦?靚號轉出有無特殊要求?……針對社會普遍關注的問題,工信部、運營商及業內專家進行回應。
「在網協議」沒到期怎麼辦?
手機號已綁定的套餐業務尚在運行(ongoing mobile phone plans),手機與家庭寬帶捆綁的優惠套餐(special offers covering mobile phone plan and internet service)仍然有效,有「親情號(family plans)」,視頻通話(video call)等業務未取消……很多用戶在轉網時遇到諸如此類的「門檻」。
三家運營商在啟動大會上表示,協議有效期限的問題均已調整。「在網協議」也將更加透明公開(more transparent deals),並將及時向用戶說明不能轉網的具體原因,提供便捷的辦理途徑(easier access to mobile number portability program)。
靚號轉出有無特殊要求?
一些用戶反映,因購買靚號(auspicious mobile phone numbers)使得攜號轉網受到制約——或要等到合約期滿,或要支付違約金。
運營商回應稱,沒有針對靚號攜出提出額外要求(no extra procedure needed for such numbers),只要到了在網協議期限就不受影響。
哪些渠道可以辦理?
根據運營商公布的實施細則,目前用戶辦理攜號轉網,需要提前發送簡訊查詢資格、申請授權碼(authorization code),憑藉授權碼和有效證件到攜入方營業廳辦理。如申請方不符合轉網條件,需辦理業務解綁(cancel existing mobile phone plans),符合條件後才能攜出。
國家醫保藥品目錄 the catalog of medicines covered by national medical insurance system
國家醫療保障局11月28日召開新聞發布會表示,70個新藥被納入國家醫保藥品目錄,價格平均下降了60.7%。
Eight domestically-produced medicines that are seen as "major innovations" and have just hit the market in recent years are among the new additions to the catalog of medicines covered by national medical insurance system, said the National Healthcare Security Administration (NHSA) at a press conference.國家醫療保障局在新聞發布會上表示,新增醫保藥品目錄中包括8個近年來上市的國產重大創新藥品。
【知識點】
國家醫保藥品目錄(the catalog of medicines covered by national medical insurance system)是基本醫療保險(basic medical insurance)、工傷保險(work-related injury insurance)和生育保險(maternity insurance)基金支付藥品費用的標準。目錄所列西藥部分(western medicine)、中成藥部分(Chinese patent medicine)、協議期內談判藥品部分(catalogued medicine for renewal)和中藥飲片部分(prepared ready-for-use traditional Chinese medicine)所列藥品為基本醫療保險、工傷保險和生育保險基金準予支付費用的藥品。
據悉,本輪國家醫保目錄調整談判共涉及150個藥品(the latest round of negotiations targeted 150 medicines),包括119個新增談判藥品(119 new additions to the negotiation)和31個續約談判藥品(31 existing ones for renewal)。119個新增談判藥品談成70個,價格平均下降60.7%。其中,腫瘤、糖尿病等治療用藥的降幅平均在65%左右。31個續約藥品談成27個,價格平均下降26.4%。
國家醫保局醫藥服務管理司司長熊先軍說,
Some drugmakers have provided the lowest prices in the world for Chinese patients.部分藥品生產方給中國患者開出了全球最低價。
It is estimated that due to major price cuts resulting from negotiations and reimbursement from the national medical insurance system, the out-of-pocket amounts paid by patients will drop by between 80 and 95 percent.保守估計,通過談判降價和醫保報銷,總體上患者個人負擔將降至原來的20%以下,個別藥品降至5%以下。
The updated list now contains 2,709 drugs, 64 more than the original version released in 2017.本次更新後的藥品目錄共收錄藥品2709個,與2017年版相比,淨增64個。
新版藥品目錄將從2020年1月1日期實行。
(中國日報網英語點津 Helen)
來源:中國日報網