Colors may be universally associated with certain emotions, a study has found.
最新研究發現，世界各地可能都會把顏色與某些情緒聯繫到一起。
Red is pinned to love or anger, blue to sadness or black to death, and similar links appear to exist in other parts of the world.
紅色代表愛或憤怒，藍色代表悲傷，黑色代表死亡，在世界其他地方，顏色和情緒之間似乎也存在類似的聯繫。
Even where colors weren't solidly attributed to a single emotion, nearly all of them were either mostly good or mostly bad regardless of where people lived.
即使在顏色並不完全與某一種特定情緒相關的地方，幾乎所有的顏色也都與正面或負面情緒相關，不管人們身處何方。
But on a smaller, more detailed scale there were nuances which researchers said they could use to predict which country someone came from.
但在更小、更精確的範圍內，研究人員表示，他們可以利用細微差別來預測一個人來自哪個國家。
Scientists from the universities of Auckland, Lausanne in Switzerland and Johannes Gutenber in Mainz, Germany carried out their research on 711 people.
來自瑞士洛桑奧克蘭大學和德國美因茨約翰內斯·古登堡大學的科學家們對711人進行了研究。
The participants all came from either the UK, Germany, Greece or China, and answered to rate how colors made them feel.
參與者來自英國、德國、希臘或中國，他們對顏色給他們帶來的感覺進行了評分。
The colors included in the study were white, black, grey, red, yellow, green, blue, orange, purple, pink, brown and turquoise.
研究中涉及的顏色包括白色、黑色、灰色、紅色、黃色、綠色、藍色、橙色、紫色、粉色、棕色和藍綠色。
They were shown to people in word form rather than images because the study was done online and researchers need to be sure screens were showing the same.
這些顏色以文字而非圖片的形式展示給參與者，因為這項研究是在網上進行的，研究人員需要確保屏幕上顯示的是相同的內容。
And people ranked how closely they linked them to the following emotions: anger, interest, amusement, pride, joy, pleasure, contentment, admiration, love, relief, compassion, sadness, guilt, regret, shame, disappointment, fear, disgust, contempt or hate.
人們對這些顏色與下列情緒的關聯程度進行了排名：憤怒、興趣、開心、驕傲、喜悅、快樂、滿足、欽佩、愛、寬慰、同情、悲傷、內疚、遺憾、羞愧、失望、恐懼、厭惡、蔑視或憎恨。
The researchers, led by Johannes Gutenber University's Dr Daniel Oberfeld, wrote: 'Red is associated with both positive and negative emotions while black is unambiguously associated with negative emotions.
研究人員寫道：「紅色與積極和消極情緒都有關，而毫無疑問，黑色與消極情緒有關。」這項研究的負責人是約翰內斯·古登堡大學的丹尼爾·奧伯菲爾德博士。
'In the current study, red was often associated with love and anger, while black was associated with sadness, hate and fear among other negative emotions.'
「在目前的研究中，紅色常與愛和憤怒聯繫在一起，而黑色則與悲傷、仇恨和恐懼等負面情緒聯繫在一起。」
Other colors which had strong associations across countries were pink with love, grey with disappointment or sadness and orange with joy or pleasure.
其他與情緒普遍存在強烈關聯的顏色有：粉色代表愛，灰色代表失望或悲傷，橙色代表喜悅或快樂。
Some other colors, however, had more nuanced associations.
然而，其他一些顏色與情緒有更微妙的關聯。
For example, people in Greece were far more likely to associate turquoise with relief and purple with sadness than those in other countries.
例如，與其他國家的人相比，希臘人更容易將藍綠色與寬慰聯繫在一起，將紫色與悲傷聯繫在一起。
While people in the UK and Germany strongly associated yellow with joy, but Greek and Chinese people did not feel the same link.
雖然英國人和德國人常常把黃色和快樂聯繫在一起，但希臘人和中國人卻不這樣看。
Almost all the colors, even if they didn't have a solid link to one emotion, were either overwhelmingly good or bad – with the exception of red, which was linked to both anger and love, and purple and brown, which were neither.
幾乎所有的顏色，即使它們與某一種情緒沒有明確的聯繫，都會有明顯的好壞之分。而紅色、紫色和棕色是例外，紅色與憤怒和愛都有關，而紫色和棕色與正面和負面情緒都無關。
Positive colors were yellow, white, turquoise, pink, orange and green. Negative were grey and black.
表達積極情緒的顏色有黃色、白色、藍綠色、粉色、橙色和綠色。與消極情緒相關的有灰色和黑色。
Dr Oberfeld's team added: 'Particularly strong color-emotion associations were observed for red, black, and pink, and particularly weak associations were observed for brown and purple.
奧伯菲爾德博士的研究小組補充說：「我們觀察到，紅色、黑色和粉色與情緒的關聯程度很強，而棕色和紫色與情緒的關聯程度則特別弱。」
'Across the 240 color–emotion pairs, the strongest association was found between the emotion love and the color term red.
「在240對不同顏色與情緒的組合中，愛和紅色之間的聯繫最為緊密。」
The research was published in the journal?Royal Society Open Science.
這項研究發表在《皇家學會開放科學》雜誌上。