小編導語
新高考改革實行之後,各個學科的考試題型都發生了變化,相對來說變化較大的是英語。考試題型發生了變化,日常教學和學習的重點也應做相應的調整。由於新高考保留了「語法填空」這一傳統題型,本欄目利用《新概念英語第二冊》文本資源,為高中基礎年級提供系統的語法填空訓練材料。
一、短文填空評分原則
1. 根據上下文寫出適當的內容(1個單詞)或提供括號內單詞的正確形式.給1.5分。
2.內容有拼寫或語法錯誤的不給分。
3.大小寫錯誤不扣分(暫定)
二、短文填空的具體要求
短文長度:約200個詞,不能少於160詞,也不能多於210個詞。
體裁:以能體現正能量的故事性記敘文或夾敘夾議的文章為主,也可以是說明文或議論文。
設空:給提示詞與純空格的比例,一般應為7:3個。
給詞題:
1.謂語動詞(主要考查時態,根據語篇實際也可考慮考查被動語態、虛擬語氣、主謂一致,以及含情態動詞的被動語態)1—2題(如果擬2題,最好1個主動1個被動;其中1題的答案中最好有be,涉及主謂一致)
2.非謂語動詞1—3題 (不定式、動名詞、現在分詞、過去分詞等4種,每種最多擬1個小題,不要重複)
3.詞類轉換1—3題 (一種類型的轉換隻設1題,不要重複,如形變副只設1題)
4.名詞複數1題 (名詞的所有格,材料中有,有時也可以設1題)
5.代詞0—1題 (給出人稱代詞的主格,要求考生填其賓格、名詞性物主代詞、形容詞性物主代詞、反身代詞等;若是本身要求填主格或填it,就不要再給
提示詞了)
6.比較等級0—1題。
7.可以考查以動詞原形開頭的祈使句句型,如2016年全國卷: 50 (make)
sure it’s a relief…(填Make)
純空格:
1.關聯詞1~2題(可以只出1道主從句關聯詞,或只出1道並列連詞,也以主從句關聯詞與並列連詞各出1道)
2.介詞:1題。注意:只能設簡單介詞,不要設像due to, because of, in front of之類的短語介詞。
3.冠詞:1題。
4.其它:0—1題。包括助動詞(如強調謂語動詞的do, does, did;構成部分倒裝的do, does, did; 構成一般疑問句的do, does, did)、構成強調結構的it或that、連接性副詞(before, ago,however, anyway等)。如2014年全國Ⅱ卷:…and asked, 「 48 anyone lose a suitcase at the last stop?」 (填Did)
本號將以《新概念二》的96篇文章為依託陸續推送其語法填空
三、Lesson36 文本
Across the Channel
Erna Hart is going to swim across the English Channel tomorrow. She is going to set out from the French coast at five o'clock in the morning. Erna is only fourteen years old and she hopes lo set up a new world record. She is a strong swimmer and many people feel that she is sure to succeed. Erna's father will set out with her in a small boat. Mr Hart has trained his daughter for years. Tomorrow he will be watching her anxiously as she swims the long distance to England. Erna intends to take short rests every two hours. She will have something to drink but she will not eat any solid food. Most of Erna's school friends will be waiting for her on the English coast. Among them will be Erna's mother, who swam the Channel herself when she was a girl.
四、文本音頻
五、文本解析
一)詞彙學習Word study
1. watch, look at與 follow
look at 可以表示「仔細看」、「留意看」等含義,經常用於表示命令的句子:
Look at this card that John's just sent!
看約翰剛寄來的這張卡!
Look at this!
請看這個!
watch 表示「看」、「注視」、「注意看」等,通常持續時間較長:
How long have you been watching the race?
這場比賽你看了多久了?
Do you have to watch me eating my supper?
你非得看我吃晚飯嗎?
Tomorrow he will be watching her anxiously.
明天他將焦急地注視著她。
follow 通常指「跟隨」這個動作:
The dog followed me all the way home.
在我回家的路上這隻狗一直跟著我。
When she was a girl, she followed her sister everywhere.
她小的時候,她姐姐走到哪兒她就跟到哪兒。
在特定的時候, follow也可以表示注視,即用目光「跟隨」:
Have you ever seen a cat follow/ watch a bird's every movement?
你有沒有見過貓注視鳥的一舉一動?
2. solid, firm與 stable
(1)形容詞 solid的含義之一是「固體的」(相對於液體的、氣體的而言):
She will not eat any solid food.
她將不吃固體食物。
它還可以表示「結實的」、「堅固的」(指家具、建築物等):
This is a solid table.
這張桌子很結實。(指質地)
(2) firm 可以表示「牢固的」、「穩固的」:This table is firm. You can stand on it.
這桌子結實。你可以站在上面。
firm 可以表示態度、信念等「堅定的」、「堅決的」:
He is firm about going abroad.
在出國這件事上他態度很堅決。
firm 用於針對孩子時,可表示「嚴厲的」、「嚴格的」:
Mary isn't very firm with her children.
瑪麗對她的孩子們要求不嚴。
(3) stable表示「穩定的」、「穩固的」等含義時,可以用於指抽象的事物(如工作、機構、環境等),也可用於指具體的事物:
I'm glad that you've got a stable job now.
我很高興你現在有了穩定的工作。
它用於指人時,表示「可靠的」、「可信賴的」、「穩重的」等含義:
He is not a very stable person.
他不太穩重/可靠。
二)課文詳註 Further notes on the text
1. …she hopes to set up a new world record.
......她希望創一項新的世界紀錄。
set up 是個固定短語,它的含義之一為「創立」、「建立」,可以指某個具體的事物,如set up a school(創建一所學校),也可以指抽象的,如某個機構、組織等。a world record 常用於指體育方面的世界紀錄。
2. …many people fee that she is sure to succeed.……很多人認為她一定能成功。
(1) feel在此處為及物動詞,表示「認為」、「相信」等:
Tom feels that he can pass the examination.
湯姆認為他能通過這次考試。
My parents feel that they can believe in you.
我父母認為他們可以信賴你。
(2) sure在這裡表示「一定會」、「必定會」,後面通常跟帶to的不定式:
Billy is sure to win the race.
比利一定會贏得這場比賽。
If you don't work hard, you are sure to fail in the next exam.
你如果不用功學習,下次考試肯定會不及格。
3. Tomorrow he will be watching her anxiously as she swims the long distance to England.
明天他將焦急地注視著女兒遊過這段漫長的距離到達英國。
這句話中主句的時態為將來進行時(cf.第13課語法),時間狀語從句表示的雖然也是將來的動作,但用的是一般現在時,再如:
I'll be meeting her at the station when she arrives tomorrow.
她明天到達時我將在車站接她。
When you come back to the village next year, you'll have a great surprise.
等明年你回村時,你會大吃一驚的。
4. Debbie intends to take short rests every two hours. 黛比計劃每兩小時休息一下。
(1) rest作「休息」講時,可以是可數名詞,也可以是不可數名詞:
Today is my day of rest.
今天是我的休息日。
After a long rest, he went on with his work.
在好好休息一下之後,他又繼續工作了。
(2) every用在表示時間的名詞之前時可譯為「每」:
Debbie phones her mother every three days.
黛比每隔兩天給她母親打次電話。
三)語法 Grammar in use
將來時
going to和will 一樣也常用來預言將發生的事。口語裡經常用going to, 尤其指不久即將發生的事,但在正式的書面語中通常用will而不用 going to。在非正式語體中,要表示意圖、打算時, 一般多用going to而不用will;going to 有時可以表示說話人也許對即將發生的事預先有所了解:
He has decided not to buy a house because he's going to leave the country soon.
他決定不買房子, 因為他不久將離開這個國家。(可能預先有所了解)
They're going to be married soon.
他們不久將結婚。(表示預先有所了解)
如果表示說話時決定去做某事,或者表示建議、請求、肯定或不肯定等含義時,要用will而不用 going to:
Ask him again. Perhaps he'll change his mind.
再問他一次,也許他會改變主意。
六、文本翻譯
橫渡海峽
黛比.哈特準備明天橫渡英吉利海峽。她打算早上5點鐘從法國海岸出發。黛比只有11歲,她希望創一項新的世界紀錄。她是一個遊泳能手,很多人認為她一定能成功。黛比的父親將乘一條小船同她一道出發。哈特先生訓練她的女兒已經多年了,明天他將焦急地注視著女兒遊過這段漫長的距離到達英國。黛比計劃每兩小時休息一下。她將喝些飲料,但不吃固體食物。黛比的大部分同學將在英國海岸等候她。他們當中還會有黛比的母親,她本人還是個姑娘時,也曾橫渡過英吉利海峽!
七、語法填空
Across the Channel
Debbie Hart is going to swim 1 the English Channel tomorrow. She is going to set out from the French coast 2 five o'clock in the morning.Debbie is only eleven years old and she hopes to set up 3 new world record. She is a strong 4 (swim) and many people feel 5 she is sure to succeed. Debbie's father will set out with her in a small boat. Mr. Hart has trained 6 daughter for years. Tomorrow he will be watching her anxiously as she swims the long 7 (distant)to England. Debbie intends 8 (take) short rests every two hours. She will have something to drink 9 she will not eat any solid food. Most of Debbie's school friends will be waiting for her on the English coast. Among them will be Debbie's mother, 10 swam the Channel herself when she was a girl.
參考答案
1. across
2. at
3. a
4. swimmer
5. that
6. his
7. distance
8. to take
9. but
10. who
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本期編輯 李克勝