考點分布規律:
(一)純空格題(一般佔3個,要求填詞1個)
高頻考點
1.冠詞
(1)a/an+單數可數名詞(表泛指「一個」)
(2)the+單數可數名詞/複數名詞/不可數(表特指「這個/這些」)
(3)定冠詞the的用法
(4)不定冠詞a/an的用法
(5)冠詞在固定搭配中的用法
2.介詞
(1)介詞的基本用法
(2)介詞短語的用法
(3)介詞的固定搭配用法
3.連詞
(1)並列連詞(and, but, so ,or, for,while,when等)
(2)定語從句的引導詞
(3)狀語從句的引導詞
(4)名詞性從句的引導詞
中頻考點
代詞
(1)人稱代詞的主格或賓格形式
(2)名詞性、形容詞性物主代詞
(3)不定代詞、指示代詞、 反身代詞等
預測考點
1.副詞
(1)表時間的副詞,如:ago, before/earlier,later等
(2)表邏輯關係的副詞,如:however(然而),therefore(因此),otherwise(否則,不然的話),besides(此外),instead(相反)等
2.名詞或代詞
主要考查固定搭配中的名詞,如:
make use of , play a part/role in等;
enjoy oneself等。
3.特殊句式
(1)強調句
(2)感嘆句
(3)倒裝句
(4)there be句型
(二)括號內有提示詞題(一般佔7個,要求填詞1個或多個)
高頻考點
1.動詞
(1)謂語動詞(時態、語態,主謂一致,情態動詞,虛擬語氣)
(2)非謂語動詞(不定式、分詞、動名詞)
(3)詞性轉換(轉換成名詞、形容詞)
2.名詞
(1)單複數(單數變複數)
(2)詞性轉換(轉換成形容詞)
3.形容詞/副詞
(1)形容詞、副詞的正確使用(形容詞變副詞)
(2) 形容詞/副詞的比較等級
(3)詞性轉換
中頻考點
代詞
(1)形容詞性、名詞性物主代詞的用法
(2) 反身代詞的用法
預測考點
1.基數詞
(1)序數詞的用法
(2)分數的表達法
(3)固定搭配中的用法
2. 特殊句
(1)祈使句 (2)倒裝句 (3)省略句 (4)there be句型
具體解題思路
一、純空格題——冠詞(通常考1個)
1.Corn production has jumped nearly 125 percent over ______ past 25 years, while rice has increased only 7 percent. (2018全國卷II) (the)
2.Unexpectedly, I'm face-to-face with the gorilla, who begins screaming at ______ top of her lungs. (2018全國卷III)(the)
3. As ______ result, people will eat more food to try to make up for that something missing. (a)
4. This included digging up the road, laying the track and then building a strong roof over ______ top. (2017全國卷II)(the)
5. Instead, she is earning $6,500 a day as _____ model in New York. (2017全國卷III)(a)
【解題思路指導】
如果空格後是名詞,且名詞前沒有所有格、物主代詞、指示代詞、不定代詞等限制時,則考慮填冠詞。在單數名詞之前,表泛指用 a/an ,而且要注意a和an的正確使用,表特指用the; 在複數名詞和不可數之前表特指用the。還要考慮定冠詞the的用法、不定冠詞a/an的用法以及冠詞在固定搭配中的用法。
二、純空格題——介詞(通常考1個)
1.I was searching ______ these three western lowland gorillas I'd been observing. (2018全國卷III)(for)
2. After school she plans to take a year off to model full-time before going to university to get a degree ____ engineering or architecture. (2017全國卷III)(in)
3. Most of us are more focused ______ our tasks in the morning than we are later in the day. (2016全國卷II)(on)
4.Chopsticks are not used everywhere in Asia. In India, for example, most people traditionallyeat ______their hands. (2016全國卷III) (with)
【解題思路指導】
如果空格後是名詞或代詞,要根據句意以及其前的動詞、形容詞和其後的名詞的搭配,以及介詞短語的用法,考慮填入適當的介詞。
三、純空格題——連詞(通常考1-2個)
1. In much of Asia, especially the so-called 「rice bowl" cultures of China, Japan, Korea, ______ Vietnam, food is usually eaten with chopsticks. (2016全國卷III)(and)
2.Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 2014 ______ showed a mere five to 10 minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all causes. (2018全國卷I) (which/that)
3.But Sarah, _____ has taken part in shows along with top models, wants to prove that she has brains as well as beauty. (2017全國卷III) (who)
4.Corn uses less water ______ rice and creates less fertilizer(化肥) runoff. (2018全國卷II)(than)
5. Over time, _______ the population grew, people began cutting food into small pieces so it would cook more quickly. (2016全國卷III)(as/when)
6.I'm not sure _____ is more frightened, me or the female gorilla(大猩猩that suddenly appears out of nowhere.(2018 全國卷III)(who/which)
【解題思路指導】
(一)並列連詞:如果空格前後是並列的兩個詞,兩個短語,或兩個分句,就要考慮用並列連詞。然後,根據句意,判斷表示並列或順接關係用and,錶轉折關係用but,表對比關係用while,表選擇關係用or,表因果關係用so(因此)和 for(因為),表「這時」用 when。
(二)定語從句的引導詞:如果名詞或代詞後有一個句子,並且該名詞或代詞在句子中充當成分,則該句子就是定語從句。解題時主要按照以下三步:
1.找準先行詞
2.把先行詞還原到定語從句中,看充當什麼成分
3.根據先行詞在定語從句中所充當的成分以及句意來選用適當的引導詞。
如果先行詞在從句中作主語,賓語,定語,表語,則用關係代詞。指代「人」時,用who(作主語、賓語),whom(作賓語),that(作主語、賓語、表語),其中that不能引導非限制性定語從句;指代「物」時,用that(作主語、賓語、表語)或which(作主語、賓語、表語) ,其中that不能引導非限制性定語從句;指代「人的或物的」,作定語時,用whose;在非限制性定語從句中,指代句子,用which(作主語、賓語)或as(作主語、賓語)。
如果先行詞在從句中作狀語,則用關係副詞when(指代「時間」,作時間狀語), where(指代「地點」,作地點狀語), why(指代「原因reason」,作原因狀語);先行詞在從句中作介詞賓語,若介詞提前,指代物時,不用that,而用which,指代人時,不用who,而用whom,即「介詞+which/whom」。
(三)狀語從句的引導詞:狀語從句在句中作狀語,主要用來修飾主句。解題時主要根據句意來選用適當的引導詞。常用的有:
1.when/ while(當……時候)
2.as (一邊…,一邊…;隨著)
3.till/ until(用於肯定句,意為「直到….. .為止」;用於否定句,意為「直到…… 才」)
4.before(在……之前)
5.after(在…… 之後)
6.since(自從)
7. where(在……地方)
8.if(如果)
9.unless (=if…not…,除非)
10. because (因為)
11. although/ though(雖然)
12. as(正如,像,按照)
13. so/ such…that…(如此……以至於……)
14. as +原級+as(否定句用not so /as…as)
15.比較級+than
16. 「the+比較級....., the+比較級.....」等。
(四)名詞性從句的引導詞:在複合句中起名詞作用的從句叫做名詞性從句。它包括主語從句、賓語從句、表語從句和同位語從句。解題時首先判斷出是名詞性從句,然後根據名詞性從句中所缺的成分和句意選擇連接詞。
常用的連詞有:
1. that(不充當成分,也沒意思)
2. if/whether(不充當成分,但有意思「是否」)
3. what(充當主語、賓語、表語,定語,表示「什麼;……的東西/事情/話等」)
4. which(充當主語、賓語、表語,定語,表示「哪個,哪些」)
5. who/whom/ whose (表示疑問, who作主語和賓語,意為「誰」;whom作賓語,意為「誰」;whose作定語, 意為「誰的」)
6. when(作時間狀語,意為「何時;……的時候」)
7. where(作地點狀語,意為「何地;……的地方」)
8. why(作原因狀語,意為「為什麼;……的原因」)
9. how(作方式狀語,意為「如何」或修飾形容詞/副詞,意為「多麼」)。
四、有提示詞題——動詞(佔比例最大,通常考3-4個)
(一)謂語動詞
1.While running regularly can’t make you live forever, the review says it ______ (be) more effective at lengthening life than walking, cycling or swimming. (2018全國卷I)(is)
2.Diets have changed in China - and so too has its top crop. Since 2011,the country ______(grow)more corn than rice. (2018全國卷II)(has grown)
3.When fat and salt ______ (remove) from food, the food tastes as if it is missing something. (2017全國卷I) (are removed)
(二)非謂語動詞
4.You don't have to run fast or for long____(see)the benefit.(2018全國卷I)(to see)
5.Fast food is full of fat and salt; by ______ (eat) more fast food people
will get more salt and fat than they need in their diet. (2017全國卷I)(eating)
6.People probably cooked their food in large pots, ______ (use) twigs (樹枝)to remove it.(using)
(三)詞性轉換
7.This switch has decreased ______ (pollute) in the country's major lakes and reservoirs and made drinking water safer for people.(2018全國卷II)(pollution)
8.I quickly lower myself, ducking my head to avoid looking directly into his eyes so he doesn't feel ______ (challenge). (2018全國卷III)(challenged)
9.This development was only possible with the ______ (introduce) of electric-powered engines and lifts. (2017全國卷II)(introduction)
10.She is determined to carry on with her ______ ( educate) . (2017全國卷III)(education)
【解題思路指導】
如果括號內的提示詞是一個動詞,首先根據句意和句式結構判斷該動詞所作的成分。
(一)如果是跟在主語之後,可以判斷該動詞作謂語,則考慮使用動詞的正確時態和語態,同時注意主謂一致,情態動詞,虛擬語氣等用法;如果是一個祈使句,則考慮用動詞原形。
(二)如果該句中已經有謂語部分,就要考慮用該動詞的非謂語動詞形式,即不定式、動名詞、分詞。
(三) 如果既不是謂語動詞,也不是非謂語動詞,則根據所充當的句子成分,使用該動詞的正確的詞性。
五、有提示詞題——名詞(通常考1-2個)
(一)單複數(單數變複數)
1. Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 2014 which showed a mere five to 10 minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all ____ (cause). (2018全國卷I)(causes )
2.This trend, which was started by the medical community(醫學界) as a method of fighting heart disease, has had some unintended side _____ ( effect) such as overweight and heart disease -- the very thing the medical community was trying to fight. (2017全國卷I)(effects)
3.Recent _______ (study) show that we are far more productive at work if we take short breaks regularly. (2016全國卷II)(studies)
(二)詞性、詞義轉換
4.To avoid knee pain, you can run on soft surfaces, do exercises to ______ (strength) your leg muscles(肌肉), avoid hills and get good running shoes. (2018全國卷I)(strengthen)
5.Running is cheap, easy and it's always ______ (energy). (2018全國卷I)(energetic)
6.According to the World Bank, China accounts for about 30 percent of total ______ (globe)fertilizer consumption. (2018全國卷II)(global)
7.My name is Mireya Mayor. I'm a _____ (science) who studies animals such as apes and monkeys. (2018全國卷III)(scientist)
8.However, be ______ (care) not to go to extremes. (2017全國卷I)(careful)
【解題思路指導】
如果括號內的提示詞是一個名詞,根據語境和句意,主要考慮使用名詞的複數形式;或者根據所充當的句子成分,使用該名詞的正確的詞性。
六、有提示詞題——形容詞/副詞(通常考1-2個)
(一)形容詞、副詞的正確使用(形容詞變副詞)
1.A taste for meat is ______ (actual) behind the change: (2018全國卷II)(actually)
2.It is ______ (certain) fun but the lifestyle is a little unreal. (2017全國卷III)(certainly)
(二)形容詞、副詞的比較等級
3.According to a review of evidence in a medical journal, runners live three years ______ (long) than non-runners. (2018全國卷)(longer)
4.He screams the ______ (loud)of all. (2018全國卷III)(loudest)
5.Even _____ ( bad) , the amount of fast food that people eat goes up.(2017全國卷I)(worse)
【解題思路指導】
如果括號內的提示詞是一個形容詞,要根據在句中所充當的成分,來確定用形容詞還是副詞。如果在句中用作定語、表語、補語要用形容詞;如果作狀語,修飾動詞,形容詞,副詞,或修飾全句,則用副詞;另外,還要考慮形容詞和副詞的比較等級形式 以及根據所充當的句子成分,使用其正確的詞性。
七、代詞(既採用純空格,也採用有提示詞形式考查)
1.Running is cheap, easy and it's always energetic. If you are time poor, you need run for only half the time to get the same benefits as other sports, so perhaps we should all give _____ a try. (2018全國卷I)(it/running)
2.However, the railway quickly proved to be a great success and within six months, more than 25 ,000 people were using _____ every day. (2017全國卷II)(it)
3.On my recent visit, I help a lively three-month-old twin that had been rejected by _____ (it) mother. (2016全國卷I)(its)
4. She thought I had hurt _____ (I).(2017浙江)(myself)
【解題思路指導】
在語法填空純空格題目中,如果空格部分充當主語,賓語,表語及定語,則考慮填代詞。作主語,賓語,表語時,主要考慮填人稱代詞的主格或賓格形式,同時也要根據句意,考慮用不定代詞,指示代詞, 反身代詞,名詞性物主代詞等;作定語時,主要考慮填形容詞性物主代詞或不定代詞等。
如果括號內的提示詞是一個人稱代詞,要根據在句中所充當的成分,來確定用其相應的正確形式。如果是人稱代詞作賓語或表語則用賓格形式;如果作定語則用形容詞性的物主代詞;如果作主語,賓語,表語,表示「……的」,則用名詞性的物主代詞;如果作賓語,表語,同位語,表示「某人自己」,則用反身代詞。
八、副詞(既採用純空格,也採用有提示詞形式考查)
1.A few hours _____, I'd been at home in Hong Kong, with its choking smog. (2015全國卷I)(before/earlier)
2. Sixteen years _____ (early), Pahlsson had removed the diamond ring to cook a meal.(2017浙江)(earlier)
3.The ship hit an iceberg and two hours ______, it sank. (later)
4.Many of us were raised with the saying "Waste not, want not.」 None of us, ______, can completely avoid waste in our lives.(however )
【解題思路指導】
1.表時間的副詞,如ago(用於一般過去時), before/earlier(用於過去完成時),later等
2.表邏輯關係的副詞,如:however(然而),therefore(因此),otherwise(否則,不然的話),besides(此外)等
九、數詞(採用有提示詞形式考查)
序數詞的用法
分數、倍數的表達法
固定搭配中的用法
1.On my _____ ( twenty) birthday I got a new watch. (twentieth)
2. I live in a tall building and I live on the _____ ( twelve) floor.(twelfth)
3.It is not rare that people in their _____ (fifty) are going to university for further education.(fifties)
4. As a result of the serious flood, two ______ (three) of the buildings need repairing.(thirds)
【解題思路指導】
1. 基數詞和序數詞的用法
表示數目多少時用基數詞,如 one, six, ten等;表示順序先後時用序數詞,如 first, sixth, tenth 等。
2.分數的表達法
分子用基數詞,分母用序數詞。分子是1時,分母(序數詞)用單數形式;分子大於1時,分母用複數形式,序數詞加-s, 分子和分母之間可加連字符「-」,也可不加。
(口訣:分子基,分母序。分子大於1, 分母加 s)
1/3 one third;2/3 two thirds;3/4 three-fourths;
1/2 one half 或 a half;1/4 one fourth 或 one /a quarter
3. 倍數的表達法
英語中表示倍數時通常藉助 half, double, twice, three times 等之類的詞。
從3倍開始,是由基數詞加 times 構成。
ten times十倍
4.世紀年代的表達法
表示第幾個世紀用 the+序數詞。
the twentieth century二十世紀;
the twenty-first century二十一世紀
5.年齡表達法
(1)表示「多大年齡」用基數詞。He is fifty-six years old. 他56歲了。
(2)表示「第幾個生日」用序數詞。
Today is his fifty-sixth birthday. 今天是他56歲生日。
(3)表示「在某人多大年齡」用in one's + 基數詞的複數形式。
He is in his fifties. 他50來歲了。
6.幾個特殊詞的用法
在dozen(十二), score(二十), hundred(百), thousand(千), million(百萬), billion(十億)之前有確切的數字時,用單數形式;沒有確切的數字時,用複數形式,而且多和of連用。
two dozen eggs 兩打雞蛋;
dozens of eggs 幾十個雞蛋;
five hundred people 五百人;
hundreds of people 數以百計的人
十、特殊句式
特殊句式主要包括強調句、感嘆句、祈使句、倒裝句、there be/live/exist/lie…句型、省略句。近幾年高考語法填空對特殊句式考查不是很多,但是特殊句式也是比較常用的語法項目,可以推測在將來的高考中也是重點考查項目之一。
(一)強調句
高考語法填空主要採用純空格形式,考查強調句結構「It is (was)+被強調的部分+that(who/whom)+句子的其它成分」中的 It 或 that (who/whom)部分。
【高考真題展示】
But like so many other things, it is only too much stress ______ does you harm.(2016上海)
答案:that
【高考題預測】
______ was on a lonely island that he was saved one month after the boat went down?【答案It】
(二)感嘆句
高考語法填空主要採用純空格形式,結合名詞性從句考查感嘆詞how 和 what的。
【高考真題展示】
As natural architects, the Pueblo Indians figured out exactly _____ thick the adobe walls needed to be to make the cycle work on most days. (2015全國卷II)【答案 how】
【高考題預測】
1. Do not let any failures discourage you, for you can never tell _____ close you may be to victory.
2. The shocking news made me realize _______ terrible problems we would face.
答案:1. how 2.what
(三)祈使句
高考語法填空主要結合動詞,採用有提示詞的形式來考查。
【高考真題展示】
It could be anything-gardening, cooking, music, sports-but whatever it is, ______ (make) sure it's a relief from daily stress rather than another thing to worry about.(2016全國卷II)
答案:make
(四)倒裝句
高考語法填空主要採用純空格形式,考查部分倒裝中放在主語之前的助動詞、情態動詞、be動詞以及引起部分倒裝的連詞;也可以採用有提示詞形式,結合謂語動詞考查完全倒裝中的主謂一致。
【高考題預測】
1. Not until he left his home ______ he begin to know how important the family was for him.(did)
2.If Joe’s wife won’t go to the party, ____ will he.(neither/nor )
3.Hearing the dog barking fiercely, away ______ (run)the thief. (ran )
(五)there be live/exist/lie…句型
高考語法填空採用有提示詞形式,結合動詞時態和主謂一致填be/ live/exist…的相應形式。
【高考題預測】
1.There ______ ( be) many great changes in our country since then.
2.No one knows exactly if there ______ (exist) other living things in the universe.
答案:1. have been 2. exist
(六)省略句
高考語法填空主要採用有提示詞形式,結合動詞考查狀語從句的省略。
【高考題預測】
1. While ______ (wait) for a bus, he met an old friend.
2.He will not attend the party unless ______ ( invite).
【答案:1.waiting 2. invited】
十一、固定搭配中的名詞、代詞等
我們預測也可以採用純空格的形式考查固定搭配中的名詞、代詞等的用法。如:
1.You must make ______ of any opportunity to practice English.(答案:use)
2.China is playing an important _______ in the world today.(答案:part/role)
3. They enjoyed ______ at the party. (答案:themselves)