鑽井液(drilling fluid)也常叫做mud,在鑽井中起到非常重要的作用。維護井壁穩定(maintenance of wellbore stability),平衡地層壓力(balance the formation pressure),冷卻潤滑鑽頭(cool and lubricate the bit),去除井壁巖削(remove the cuttings from the wellbore),像井下鑽具和鑽頭傳遞水利能量(transmit the hydraulic energy to downhole tools and the bit)等功能都需要鑽井液來發揮作用。
鑽井報表(drilling report)中,會包括許多鑽井液有關的工程信息。其中與鑽井液有關的參數(drilling fluid parameters)包括泥漿密度(mud density)也叫(mud weight),濾失量(filter loss)也叫做(mud filtrate),固相含量(solid contents),塑性粘度(plastic viscosity),屈服點(yield point),剪切速率(shear rate),剪切應力(shear stress),氯離子含量(chloride contents)等。
混制鑽井液中也需要添加不同的添加劑,這些添加劑主要有消泡劑(defoamer),絮凝劑(flocculant),加重材料(weighting material),降粘劑(thinner),增粘劑(viscosifier),分散劑(Dispersant),表面活性劑(surfactant),堵漏劑(lost circulation materials),潤滑劑(lubricant),發泡劑(foaming agent),消泡劑(defoamer),乳化劑(emulsifier),降濾失劑(filtrate reducer),腐蝕抑制劑(corrosion inhibitor),除鈣劑(calcium remover),殺菌劑(bactericide)。