Well, hey there, I'm Emma from mmmEnglish!
Today we're going to go through the pronunciation of these tricky words.
大家好哇，我是Emma，歡迎來到Emma的美味英語！
今天我們要學習這些複雜詞彙的發音。
Do you find any of them difficult?
But before we do that, I want to tell you about the community tab right here inside Youtube.
你覺得這些單詞難不難啊？
但是在那之前呢，我想要和你說一下Youtube的社區分享功能。
Now if you're a subscriber, you probably already know about this.
You've probably already seen some of my posts, some of my pictures.
It's a cool way that we can hang out a little bit more.
如果你已經訂閱了我的頻道的話，你很可能已經知道了。
你可能已經看到了我的一些推送，還有我發的一些照片。
這是個很棒棒的方式，我們可以進行更進一步的交流。
Now I have to admit that I find social media a little overwhelming.
Facebook, Instagram, Twitter, Snapchat, everywhere.
不過我得承認，我覺得社交媒體有點令不知所措。
臉書啊，Ins啊，推特啊，Snapchat，都是這樣的。
So I was really, really glad when YouTube created a space where we can hang out together and I can share pictures and I can ask you for recommendations and show you some behind the scenes sort of stuff.
So to be honest, I would much rather be here chatting with you guys.
所以當油管開闢了這樣一個空間，可以讓我們一起玩耍，我可以分享照片，詢問大家的意見，給大家看一下幕後的一些事情的時候，我真的超級超級開心的呢。
說實話，我更喜歡在這裡和大家侃大山。
This is where I spend all of my time and this is where I want to hang out with you.
In fact, this lesson today came from my YouTube community.
我把我所有的時間花在了這裡，所以我也想在這裡和大家交流。
事實上，今天的課程靈感來源於我的油管社區。
I asked you what were some difficult words to pronounce and Puji suggested: 'girl', 'world' and other words that have RL in them.
So thanks for the recommendation, Puji!
我詢問了大家比較難發音的一些單詞，Puji說，「girl」、「world」還有那些裡面有RL的單詞是最難的。感謝你的建議哦，Puji！
Okay, back to the lesson! What do all of these words have in common?
好的，回到正題！這些詞彙都有什麼共同點呢？
The R and the L at the end and also the vowel sound.
Yes, all of these words have different vowel letters but we know that that doesn't mean much in English, right?
後面有R和L，加上元音。
是的，這些單詞都有不同的元音字母，但是我們都知道，這在英文中沒什麼太大不同，對吧？
These vowel letters are all pronounced in exactly the same way, with the // vowel sound. So this is where your eyes start playing tricks on you in English.
這些元音字母的發音都是相同的，都有//這個元音。
所以你的眼睛就會在這裡捉弄一下你啦。
You see different vowel letters and so you try to pronounce them differently.
Don't! This sound is the same for all of them.
你看到的是不同的元音字母，所以你就想發不同的音。
不要！他們的音都是相同的。
To make this sound, your tongue is flat in your mouth.
The front of it, the front of your tongue should be behind your bottom teeth like this.
想要發這個音的話，你的舌頭應該是平的。
舌頭的前端應該在下牙後面，就像這樣。
If the sound still doesn't sound right, try pushing your lower jaw out a little further to lengthen your tongue.
Next, we need to tackle the RL consonant cluster.
如果這個音聽起來還不太對勁的話，試著將你的下頜往外推一點點，讓你的舌頭更長一點。
接下來呢，我們需要解決一下RL輔音叢的問題。
A consonant cluster is when two or more consonants are together in a word and they can be difficult to pronounce.
Often consonants are much easier when there is a vowel sound between them, right?
輔音叢是一個單詞中連著出現兩個或者兩個以上的輔音的情況，而且它們很難發音。
一般來說，如果在兩個輔音之中有一個原因的話，發音會簡單一點，對吧？
But this cluster is actually pronounced differently by different native English speakers.
So this could be part of the reason why this word is difficult for you.
但是不同的英語母語者發這個輔音叢的方式存在著差異。
所以這可能是為什麼這個單詞對你而言很難發音的原因之一。
You keep hearing it being pronounced in different ways and now you're a bit confused!
When listening to standard American pronunciation, you'll hear both of these consonant sounds.
你一直聽到它的發音方式都是不同的，所以就感到有點點困惑！
當聽的是標準美式發音的時候，這兩個輔音都可以聽到。
While when you're listening to standard British or Australian pronunciation, you won't hear that /r/ consonant sound.
I'm going to ask my brother-in-law Alan to help me to demonstrate this.
當你聽的是標準英式英語或者是澳大利亞發音的時候，你聽不到那個/r/ 音。
我要去讓我姐夫Alan幫我演示一下。
You remember him from this video, right? He's American.
你在這個視頻中見過他，是吧？他是美國人。
Hey Alan, can you say 'girl' for me? Girl.
嘿Alan，你能幫我說一下「girl」嗎？Girl。
Great! Now use it in a sentence. There is a very pretty girl walking down the street.
很棒！現在造個句吧。有一個非常漂亮的女孩在街上走。
Perfect! Thanks, that's all I need. So you just heard Alan really pronounce that /r/ sound.
完美！謝謝你啦！所以你剛剛聽到Alan確實把/r/音給發出來了。
In fact, the vowel sound is hardly there at all! Girl.
其實呢，這裡的元音基本上聽不到！Girl。
Now this is not how I pronounce it at all.
In British English and Australian English, this R is silent.
好的，但是我並不是這麼發音的。
在英式英語和澳大利亞英語中，字母 R 是不發音的。
and it's the vowel sound that is much clearer.
Girl. So I'll be teaching in this lesson with my accent.
所以元音聽起來會更加清晰。
Girl。所以本節課程我會用我的澳大利亞口音來教大家的。
I won't be doing any rubbish American impersonations, but if you're really keen to learn to pronounce this word in an American accent, I've added a few extra links in the description to American English pronunciation lessons that I recommend you try. Okay, so let's get started!
我不會說蹩腳的美式英語，但是如果你們真的很想學習這個詞的美式發音的話，我會在描述區給大家甩幾個我比較推薦的美式英語課程連結。
好的，讓我們開始吧！
Girl. So starting with the consonant sound.
Girl。先開始說輔音。
Now this sound is made right at the back of the mouth.
By blocking the throat with the back of the tongue.
這個音是嘴巴的後部分發出來的。用舌頭的後部分封住咽喉。
So moving into the vowel sound.
Notice that my tongue doesn't move, it doesn't change position to the consonant sound.
好的，接下來是元音。
注意哦，我的舌頭沒有移動，所以發這個輔音的位置並沒有改變。
It just stays with the vowel sound.
Nice! Now we need to move to the /l/ sound and we do that by lifting the tip of the tongue up so that it's behind the top teeth.
還是和發元音的位置是相同的。
很棒！現在我們需要處理/l/音了，我們通過翹起舌尖來發這個音，所以舌頭是在上牙後面的。
The girl is waiting by the door. Is that your girlfriend?
這個女孩在門邊等待。那是你的女朋友嗎？
Curl. The /k/ consonant is the unvoiced pair of the /g/ sound.
捲髮。/k/是/g/ 所對應的清輔音。
So actually, your tongue, your throat, everything is in the same position.
It's just that one sound is voiced made with your vocal cords, and the other is unvoiced and it's made with air.
你的舌頭，你的咽喉都是在相同的位置。
其中濁輔音是用聲帶發出來的，另外一個清輔音是是通過空氣發音的。
See that my tongue is staying in exactly the same position. It doesn't change.
Now moving to the /l/ sound, we need to lift the tip of the tongue so that it's touching behind the top teeth.
看我的舌頭還是保持在相同的位置，並沒有改變。
現在到了/l/音了，我們需要翹起舌尖，讓它觸碰到上牙後面。
She helps her grandmother to curl her hair. Let's try another.
她幫助祖母卷頭髮。讓我們來試一下另一個。
Pearl. And add the vowel.
珍珠。然後加上元音。
Move to the /l/ sound by lifting the tongue up to the top of her mouth, behind your teeth.
She had a beautiful pair of pearl earrings.
通過翹起舌頭到嘴巴的上方、舌頭後面，就可以發出/l/音了。她戴著一堆漂亮的珍珠耳環。
World. This one's a little trickier.
世界。這個有點點難。
Starting with the consonant sound, watch my lips.
See how they come together in a tight circle and it's a voiced sound made with your vocal cords.
首先說輔音，注意觀察我的嘴唇。
看看它們是如何湊到一起形成一個小圓圈，而且這是一個用聲帶發生的濁輔音。
Now add the vowel sound.
It's exactly the same as this word here, 'were'.
現在加上元音吧。
它和「were」這個單詞完全一樣。
Now do exactly as we did before, flip your tongue up to the top of your mouth, behind your teeth.
Now you're saying 'whirl' and this means to spin around and around and around, really quickly, 'whirl'.
好的，和我們之前做的一樣，彈起舌頭到口腔上方，牙齒後方。
你現在說的是「whirl」，這個單詞的意思是一直旋轉，而且是非常快速地旋轉。
So we need to finish with the /d/ consonant sound, right?
At the end of 'whirl', my tongue is up behind my teeth.
所以我們需要以/d/音結束，對吧？
在「whirl」這個單詞的最後，我的舌頭是在牙齒後面的。
Whirl. And the rest of my tongue, the sides of my tongue, it's not touching anything.
旋轉。我的舌頭的其他部分，也就是舌頭的側面，沒有碰到任何東西。
For the /d/ sound, you'll need to close the gap with the edges of your tongue here at the top of your mouth.
Try to catch the sound and then release it.
Your teeth will naturally come up closer together as you try to do this.
而/d/音呢，你需要用舌頭邊緣關上你口腔上方的縫隙。
試著發一下這個音，然後釋放。當你這麼做的時候，你的牙齒會自然而然地變得更加貼近。
So try to exaggerate the movement that's happening in your jaw.
Your jaw is extending down and out to make the sound.
試著放大你下巴的動作。你的下巴正在向下延伸，向外發出這個聲音。
Remember if that sound is - if your jaw is too close to your neck, you'll make a different sound.
So that movement and that length in your jaw is gonna help you to make the correct sound.
記住，如果那個聲音是——如果你的下巴離脖子太近的話，你會發出不同的聲音。
你的下巴的動作和長度剛好可以幫你發出正確的聲音。
The whole world is watching. It's the most beautiful place in the world.
整個世界都在看著呢，這是全世界最美的地方。
Should we keep going with some more examples? Why not?
我們應該繼續練習幾個例子嗎？為什麼不呢？
Hurl. So you might be thinking what on earth is 'hurl'?
猛扔。你可能在想到底什麼是「hurl」呢？
It's actually a really useful word.
It means to throw something and usually with a lot of force, usually in an angry or a violent way.
這是一個非常有用的詞。
它的意思是把某些東西給扔了，通常是非常用力地扔，帶著憤怒，非常暴力。
He hurled the lamp across the room. A really strong violent way.
他把燈扔到了房間的另一邊。非常猛烈，非常暴力。
Add the vowel. Okay, so that's this word, 'her'.
加上元音。好的，那就是這個詞，「her」。
Then you need to add the /l/ so the tip of the tongue comes up, and you'll often hear 'hurl' used in these collocations, 'to hurl abuse' or 'to hurl insults'.
So this means to throw insults or abuse at someone, to yell at them really loudly.
然後你需要加上/l/，這時候舌尖翹起，你一般會在這些固定搭配中聽到「hurl」，比如說「辱罵」。
它們的意思是對某個人瘋狂辱罵，非常大聲地朝他們吼叫。
To hurl abuse at someone.
He hurled abuse at the waiter as he was dragged out of the restaurant.
辱罵某人。
在他被拖出餐廳的時候，他大聲辱罵服務員。
Ready to try a more complex sentence?
Let's try and put a few of these words together.
準備好挑戰更複雜的句子了嗎？
讓我們試著把這幾個單詞放到一起吧。
The world watched as the girl with the curly hair hurled pearls across the room.
The world watched as the girl with the curly hair hurled pearls across the room.
當捲髮女孩把珍珠扔到房間另一邊的時候，整個世界都在一旁觀看。
當捲髮女孩把珍珠扔到房間另一邊的時候，整個世界都在一旁觀看。
Can you think of any other words with this combination of letters in them?
Try to write a sentence with these words in the comments to help everyone else to practise here. Write it in the comments.
你能想到其他的單詞，裡面有這些字母組合嗎？
試著在評論區用這些單詞造句吧，幫助其他人進行練習。寫在評論處吧。
So depending on your native language you will find one way of pronouncing these words a little easier than the other.
Perhaps the American 'girl' is easier for you or maybe the British pronunciation 'girl'.
取決於你的母語，你會找到更簡單的發音方式。
也許美式英語「女孩」對你而言更加簡單，也可能英式發音「女孩」更加簡單。
Whatever! It really doesn't matter.
My advice is to experiment with both pronunciations and then just do what feels easiest and most comfortable for you.
不管咋的！都沒關係的。
我的建議是試驗一下這兩種發音，然後找出自己覺得最簡單，說起來最舒服的那種。
Both pronunciations are acceptable and the most important thing is that you are understood and that you feel comfortable making these sounds.
So do whatever helps you to feel most comfortable.
這兩種發音都是可以接受的，最重要的事情是你說的別人能夠理解，你發音的時候感覺到很舒服。說那種你覺得最舒服的就可以。
So that's it for this pronunciation lesson, if you want to keep practising your pronunciation with me, then check out these lessons right here.
Make sure you hit subscribe if you haven't subscribed already and I'll see you in the next lesson.
這就是本節發音課的全部內容啦，如果你想要繼續一起練習發音的話，那就檢查一下這裡的課程吧。
如果你還沒有訂閱的話，記得一定要點擊訂閱按鈕哦，下節課程見。
Bye for now!
再見啦！