#英語語法專題#
一、定義
用來表示動作發生頻率的詞叫頻度副詞,常見的頻度副詞有 usually / sometimes / always 等,這些詞在程度上有區別。
二、頻率範圍
頻度副詞的頻率範圍可以用以下這個表來概括:
三、用法
1、修飾動詞
A、位置
● 一般放在實義動詞之前,系動詞、第一助動詞或情態動詞之後,例如:
實義動詞前面:
We usually go to the movies on Sundays.
我們通常在星期天去看電影。
Bethany always runs late for work in the morning.
貝薩尼早上上班總是遲到。
I never get what I want!
我永遠得不到我想要的!
We seldom see her anymore.
我們很少再見到她了。
系動詞、第一助動詞或情態動詞之後:
That is often the case.
情況往往如此。
This class is always a bore!
這門課總是很無聊!
She was never very friendly.
她從來都不是很友好。
I have rarely seen the sun rise.
我很少看到太陽升起。
She will occasionally go for walks alone.
她偶爾會獨自去散步。
You can seldom see very far because of the fog.
因為有霧,你看不到很遠的地方。
如果有兩個助動詞,頻度副詞通常放在第一個助動詞後面。如:
I will never be an actor!
我永遠不會成為演員!
We have never been invited to one of their parties.
他們聚會,一次也沒邀請過我們。
She must sometimes have wanted to run away.
她有時候一定想到過要逃走。
為了表示強調,頻度副詞有時也可位於動詞 be 態動詞之前,例如:
I never was fond of his writing.
我從不喜歡他的寫作。
解析:雖然頻度副詞 never 放在 be 動詞之前,但實際上它修飾的還是形容詞 fond.
She always was late.
她老是遲到。
You occasionally are a nit-picker.
你偶爾會挑三揀四。
解析:此句中頻度副詞 occasionally 修飾的是 be 動詞。
在簡略答語中,當頻度副詞與動詞 be、助動詞或情態動詞位於句末時,頻度副詞必須前置,例如:
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—Philip is late again.
菲利普又遲到了。
—Yes, he always is.
是的,他總是遲到。
-----------------------------
— Can you park your car near the shops?
你可以在商店附近停車嗎?
—Yes. I usually can.
是的,通常可以。
● 有些頻度副詞如:usually, sometimes, normally, occasionally, often 和 frequently 還可以放在句首或句尾,而且出現在句首時,通常但並不總是以逗號隔開,例如:
句尾:
He travels to Europe frequently.
他經常去歐洲旅行。
We』ve been there quite often.
我們經常去那裡。
He comes up to visit sometimes.
他有時來拜訪。
句首:
Usually, the work is boring.
通常這項工作枯燥乏味。
Occasionally I have to go and ask the boss for a rise.
有時我不得不找老闆要求加薪。
● 除非是為了強調,否則有些頻度副詞如:always, seldom, rarely, hardly ever 和 never 不出現在句首, 但它們也可以出現在一個句子或是從句的後面,例如:
We go out very seldom.
我們絕少外出。
I』ll love you always.
我將永遠愛你。
當頻度副詞放在句首表示強調時,句子的結構就發生變化了,變成部分倒裝,例如:
Never have I felt so insulted!
我從未感到如此的侮辱!
Rarely does she leave the house unattended.
她很少會讓房子無人看管。
Seldom has there been such a happy meeting.
過去很少有過這樣愉快的會議。
B、時態
● 頻度副詞經常用於一般現在時,用來談論習慣、一般情況和時間表,但它們也可以用於其他時態,例如:
一般過去時:
She often traveled when she lived in Spain.
她住在西班牙時經常旅行。
現在完成時:
I have never witnessed such a wonder child as he.
我從來沒有見過像他那樣的神童。
2、修飾形容詞,此時放在系動詞之後,例如:
I am always late for work.
我上班總是遲到。
The dog is rarely quiet.
這條狗很少安靜。
The trains are occasionally late, but they are generally on time.
火車偶爾晚點,但基本上是準時的。
She is often alone, but I don’t think she minds.
她經常一個人,但我想她不介意。