2020年12月四級考試答案及解析(蘭州學校)

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2020年12月四級考試答案及解析參考

新東方大學生學習與發展中心 蘭州學校

寫作部分

2020年12月四級寫作解析

新東方蘭州 宋佳芮

第一套：

【題目】

Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write on the topic Changes in the Way of Transportation. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.

【參考範文】

Thanks to the advanced technology, there have been great changes in the way of vehicles recently. People have more means of transportation when they need to commute or go to other places. What changes, you may wonder, are there in transportation?

First of all, buying tickets is of much more convenience than before. In the past, if people needed to go somewhere by train, they had to go to the train station and waited in the long line to get the ticket. However, we can reserve train or airplane seats online effortlessly by just using some applications these days, which is much more convenient and time saving. Moreover, the range of transportation has been quite limited in the past few years, but now if one wants to leave for work, he or she can not only drive to the company or take the bus , but also use sharing bikes, an eco- friendly and prevalent trend in China to go to work.

From my perspective, those great changes in ways of transportation have been a signal of improvement in economy and technology. Since there are so many changes in transportation, it is not hard to predict that our life will be going on for the better.

【總評】

本次考試作文體裁為四級中經常出現的說明文，和社會熱點話題相關。最近幾次考試內容基本都是說明文和社會現象描述。考生要熟悉說明文結構及相關語料。文章開頭可以點明背景即目前社會中交通方式有很大改變，中間段是寫作難點，需要運用總分結構講明發生了哪一類的變化並適當描述，如交通方式更多、購票形式更便利等。結尾段點題升華主題。

第二套：

【題目】

Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write on the topic Changes in the Way of Education. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.

【參考範文】

Nobody could have failed to notice the fact that there are great changes in educational fields compared to a few years ago. Parents and teachers tend to put more emphasis when it comes to the education of students.

There are several alterations contributing to this social phenomenon. First and foremost, parents are willing to invest more money on students』 extracurricular activities. In the past, students always enrolled in classes like math, English and other courses related to their academic performances. However, parents spend more money on their children in some hobby groups. For example, students take part in dancing, drawing, playing instruments and so forth in their spare time, which can help them become more well - rounded. What’s more, teachers also change their teaching methods. Instead of delivering lectures, teachers are more likely to hold workshops and seminars which can enable students to get involved. Also, students are required to do more group work , presentations or other comprehensive assignments which can give them better understanding of class material.

All in all, there are numerous great changes in ways of education. Parents and teachers are supposed to put more efforts to improve the educational reforms.

【總評】

本次考試作文體裁為四級中經常出現的說明文，和熱點話題教育相關。最近幾次考試內容基本都是說明文和社會現象描述。考生要熟悉說明文結構及相關語料。文章開頭可以點明背景即目前社會中教育方式有很大改變，中間段是寫作難點，考生可以運用總分結構講明發生了哪一類的變化並適當描述，如父母在課外活動中投入更多或教師授課形式更多樣化。結尾段點題升華主題。

第三套：

【題目】

Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write on the topic Changes in the Way of communication. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.

【參考範文】

Nowadays, people in an increasing number are aware that the way of communication keeps changing surprisingly. Most people reckon that changes can bring unprecedented benefits. However, I believe those changes sometimes can bring demerits as well.

For the lighter side, in the past, people could only send letters to keep in touch with their families and friends who live in another cities. Distance, however, is not a problem anymore for the reason that advanced technology, such as video call, WeChat, Facebook or other applications, makes communication go more smoothly. On the other hand, since the only way for us to communicate is talking with others face to face in the past, people had better bonds with others. However, our world has become so fast - paced, and people rely on digital devices to communicate and are reluctant to talk with others face to face.

It is no denying that communication plays an important role in our daily life. Although there are more technological devices for us to communicate efficiently, we should not ignore face-to-face communication as well.

【總評】

本次考試作文體裁為四級中經常出現的說明文，和熱點話題交流相關。最近幾次考試內容基本都是說明文和社會現象描述。考生要熟悉說明文結構及相關語料。文章開頭可以點明背景即目前社會中教育方式有很大改變，中間段是寫作難點，考生可以運用總分結構講明發生了哪一類的變化並適當描述，如交流的工具更多,面對面交流變少等。結尾段點題升華主題。

聽力部分

2020年12月四級聽力題目解析

新東方蘭州 張婕 王皓 高海銘

Section A

New Report One

A poisonous fish which has a sting strong enough to kill a human is invading the Mediterranean, warned scientists. The International Union for the Conservation of Nature (UICN) has raised concerns after the poisonous fish was spotted in the waters around Turkey, Cyprus and the eastern Mediterranean. Native to the South Pacific and Indian Ocean, the potentially deadly fish has poisonous hooks and a painful sting capable of killing people. Although fatalities are rare, the stings can cause extreme pain and stop people breathing. The fish, often known as Devil Fire fish, is a highly invasive species. And environmentalists fear its arrival could endanger other types of marine life. After being spotted in the Mediterranean, a marine scientist says, 「The fish is spreading, and that’s a cause for concern.」

Q1: What is reported in the news?

【答案】A

【解析】本題主要考察開篇，可用視聽一致匹配答案。原文：The International Union for the Conservation of Nature (UICN) has raised concerns after the poisonous fish was spotted in the waters around Turkey, Cyprus and the eastern Mediterranean. 翻譯為：在土耳其、賽普勒斯和東地中海海域發現這種有毒魚類後，國際自然保護聯盟（UICN）對此表示擔憂。

Q2: What is the environmentalists』 concern of the spread of Devil Firefish in the Mediterranean?

【答案】C

【解析】本題主要考察結尾處，可用視聽一致匹配答案。原文：And environmentalists fear its arrival could endanger other types of marine life. 譯為：環保人士擔心它的到來會危及其他類型的海洋生物。

New Report Two

Almost half the centre of Paris will be accessible only by foot or bicycle this Sunday to mark World Car-Free Day. This is in response to rising air pollution that made Paris the most polluted city in the world for a brief time. Mayor Anne Hidalgo promoted the first World Car Free Day last year. Hidalgo also has supported a Paris Breathes Day. On the first Sunday of every month, Paris clears traffic from eight lanes of the main road. About 400 miles of streets will be closed to cars. It is expected to bring significant reduction in pollution levels. 「Last year’s car-free day showed a 40% drop in pollution levels in some parts of the city, according to an independent air pollution monitor」, reports the Guardian, 「and some levels dropped by 50% in the city centre.」

 

Q3: What will happen on World Car Free Day in Paris?

【答案】B

【解析】本題主要考察新聞開篇處，可用視聽一致加同義替換匹配答案。原文：Almost half the centre of Paris will be accessible only by foot or bicycle this Sunday to mark World Car-Free Day. 譯為：本周日，為紀念世界無車日，幾乎一半的巴黎市中心將只能步行或騎自行車。

Q4: What motivated the mayor of Paris to promote the first World Car Free Day in her city?

【答案】A

【解析】本題主要考察開篇第二句，可用視聽一致匹配答案。原文：This is in response to rising air pollution that made Paris the most polluted city in the world for a brief time. 譯為：這是對空氣汙染加劇的回應，空氣汙染使巴黎在短時間內成為世界上汙染最嚴重的城市。

News report 3

A Philippine fisherman was feeling down on his luck when a house fire forced him to clear out his possessions and change locations. Then, a good luck charm that he had kept under his bed changed his life.

The unidentified man had fished out a giant pearl from the ocean when his anchor got stuck on the rock while sailing off a coastal island in the Philippines ten years ago.

When he was forced to sell it, the shocked tourist agent at Puerto Princesca told him that the 77-pound giant pearl that he had kept hidden in his rundown wooden house was the biggest pearl in the world, which was valued at £76 million.

The pearl of Allah, which is currently on display in a New York museum, only weighs 14 pounds. That is five times smaller than the pearl that the fisherman just handed in. 

The monstrous pearl, measured at 1 foot wide and 2.2 feet long, is going to be verified by local experts and international authorities before hopefully going on display to attract more tourists in the little town.

 

Q5: What happened to the Philippine fisherman one day?

【答案】B

【解析】本題主要考察開篇，可用視聽一致匹配答案。原文：A Philippine fisherman was feeling down on his luck when a house fire forced him to clear out his possessions and change locations. 譯為：說一名菲律賓漁民感到運氣不好，一場房屋大火迫使他清理財產並改變地點。

Q6: What was the fisherman forced to do?

【答案】D

【解析】本題主要考察細節信息，需要同義替換的基礎上進行作答。原文：When he was forced to sell it, the shocked tourist agent at Puerto Princesca told him that the 77-pound giant pearl that he had kept hidden in his rundown wooden house was the biggest pearl in the world, which was valued at £76 million. 譯為：當他被迫出售時，普林塞斯卡港的旅遊代理商震驚地告訴他，他藏在破舊木屋裡的77磅重的巨型珍珠是世界上最大的珍珠，價值7600萬英鎊。

Q7: What did the fisherman learn from the tourist agent?

 【答案】C

【解析】本題為細節題，定位句是「the biggest pearl in the world, which was valued at £76 million.」根據這句話，綜合分析後可以選出正確選項C) His monstrous pearl was extremely valuable. 選項中的「monstrous」是形容詞，在這指「巨大的」。咱們比較熟悉的是它的名詞「monster」，指怪獸或者巨人。紐約博物館展出的是The pearl of Allah,不是世界上最大的珍珠，故A 選項錯誤。重達14磅是The pearl of Allah，故B選項錯誤。在博物館展出的是The pearl of Allah，故D選項錯誤。。

Section B

Conversation 1

W: Mr. Smith, It’s a pleasure meeting you!

M: Nice to meet you, too. What can I do for you?

W: Well, I’m here to show you what our firm can do for you. Astro Consultants has branches in over fifty countries, offering different business services. We’re a global company with 75 years of history. And our clients include some of the world’s largest companies.

M: Thank you, Mrs. Houston. I know Astro Consultants is a famous company. But you said you would show me what you could do for me. Well. What exactly can your firm do for my company?

W: We advise businesses on all matters, from market analysis to legal issues. Anything a business like yours could meet. Our firm offers expert advice. Could I ask you, Mr. Smith, to tell me a little about your company and the challenges you face? That way, I could better respond as to how we can help you.

M: OK, sure. This is a family business started by my grandfather in 1950. We employ just over 100 people. We manufacture an export stone for buildings and other constructions. Our clients usually want a special kind of stone cut in a special design. And that’s what we do in our factory. Our main challenge is that our national currency is rising, and we’re losing competitive advantages to stone produces in India.

W I see. That’s very interesting. I will suggest that you let us first conduct a financial analysis of your company, together with the analysis of your competitors in India. That way, we could offer the best advice on different ways forward for you.

 

Question 8-11 are based on the conversation you have just heard. 

Q8: What do we learn about the woman’s company?

【答案】A

【解析】本題主要考察具體細節，需要將原文進行簡單的同義替換。原文：We’re a global company with 75 years of history. 譯為：我們是一家擁有75年歷史的跨國公司。

Q9: What does the man say about his own company?

【答案】C

【解析】本題主要考察具體細節，可用視聽一致進行匹配。原文：This is a family business started by my grandfather in 1950. 譯為：這是我祖父1950年創辦的家族企業。

Q10: What is the main problem with the man’s company?

【答案】D

【解析】本題主要考察細節信息，可用視聽一致進行匹配。原文we’re losing competitive advantages to stone produces in India. 譯為：我們正在失去印度石材產品的競爭優勢。

Q11: What does the woman suggest doing to help the man’s company?

【答案】A

【解析】本題主要考察結尾處，可用視聽一致進行匹配。原文：I will suggest that you let us first conduct a financial analysis of your company, together with the analysis of your competitors in India. ，譯為：我建議你讓我們先對貴公司進行一次財務分析，同時對你在印度的競爭對手進行分析。

Conversation 2

W: Wow, congratulations, Simon! The place looks absolutely amazing!

M: Really? You think so?

W: Of course. I love it. It looks like you had a professional interior designer. But you didn’t, did you?

M: No. I did it all by myself with a little help from my brother, Greg. He’s actually in the construction business, which was really helpful.

W: Honestly, I’m impressed! I know I can probably repaint the walls in my house over a weekend or something, but not a full renovation. Where did you get your ideas? I wouldn’t know where to start.

M: Well, for a while now, I』ve been regularly buying home design magazines. Every now and then, I』d saved the pictures I liked. Believe it or not, I have a full notebook of magazine pages. Since by overall style was quite minimal, I thought and hoped a whole renovation wouldn’t be too difficult. And sure enough, with Greg’s help, it was very achievable.

W: Wasn’t it expensive? I have imagined a project like this could be.

M: Actually, it was surprisingly affordable. I managed to sell a lot of my old furniture and put that extra money towards the new material. Greg was also able to get some discount materials from a recent project he was working on as well.

W: Great! If you don’t mind, I』d like to pick your brain a bit more. Johansson and I are thinking of renovating our sitting room, not the whole house, not yet anyway. And we』d love to get some inspiration from your experience. Are you free to come over for a coffee early next week?

 

Q12: What do we learn about the woman from the conversation?

【答案】D

【解析】本題主要考察細節信息，可用視聽一致進行匹配。原文：Honestly, I’m impressed! 譯為：老實說，我印象深刻！

Q13: Where did the man get his ideas for the project?

【答案】B

【解析】本題主要考察細節信息，可用視聽一致進行匹配。原文：I』ve been regularly buying home design magazines. 譯為：我經常買家居設計雜誌。

Q14: What did the man say about the project he recently completed?

【答案】C

【解析】本題主要考察細節信息，可用視聽一致進行匹配。原文：Wasn’t it expensive? I have imagined a project like this could be. 譯為：不是很貴嗎？我想像過這樣的項目會是這樣。

Q15: Why does the woman invite the man to her house next week?

【答案】B

【解析】本題主要考察細節信息，可用視聽一致進行匹配。原文：Since by overall style was quite minimal, I thought and hoped a whole renovation wouldn’t be too difficult. 譯為由於整體風格非常簡約，我想並希望整個裝修不會太困難。

Section C

Passage oneRemoving foreign objects from ears and noses costs England almost £3m a year, a study suggests. Children were responsible for the vast majority of cases - 95% of objects removed from noses and 85% from ears. Every year, an average of 1,218 nose and 2,479 ear removals took place between 2010 and 2016. According to England's Hospital Episode Statistics, children aged one to four were the most likely to need help from doctors for a foreign object in their nose. Five to nine year olds come to the hospital with something in their ear the most. Jewelry items accounted for up to 40% of cases in both the ears and noses of children. Paper and plastic toys were the items removed next most from noses. Cotton buds and pencils were also found in ears.

According to the study, the occurrence of foreign objects in children is generally attributed to curiosity. Children have an impulse to explore their noses and ears. This results in the accidental entry of foreign objects. Any ear, nose and throat surgeon has many weird stories about wonderful objects found in the noses and ears of children and adults. Batteries can pose a particular danger. In all cases, prevention is better than cure. This is why many toys contain warnings about small parts. Recognizing problems early and seeking medical attention is important.

Q16: What does England spend an annual £3m on?

【答案】D

【解析】本題屬於細節信息考察，根據具體的數字信息(三百萬英鎊)，鎖定文章第一句中的細節信息，採取視聽一致的方法，選出D選項，即移除病人耳朵和鼻腔內的異物。

Q17: What do we learn from England's Hospital Episode Statistics?

【答案】C

【解析】本題屬於細節信息考察，根據England's Hospital Episode Statistics，關注錄音中有關年齡的描述，採取視聽一致的方法，選出C選項，即五歲至九歲年齡段的孩子最容易將異物放到他們的耳朵裡。

Q18: What is generally believed to account for children putting things in their ears or noses?

【答案】D

【解析】本題屬於細節信息考察，使用詞彙替換技巧，將generally believed替換為generally attributed to，根據後文描述對鼻子和耳朵的好奇心，替換為D選項中的body parts，故選擇D。

Passage 2

Good morning, I』d like to talk to you about my charity ReBicycle. But before that, let me introduce someone. This is Leila Rahimi. She was so scared when she first moved to New Zealand that she struggled to leave the house and would spend days working up the courage to walk to the supermarket for basic supplies. After a few months of being quite down and unhappy, she was invited to join a local bike club. At this time, ReBicycle got involved and gave Leila a second-hand bicycle. In weeks, her depression had begun to ease as she cycled. The bicycle totally changed her life, giving her hope and a true feeling of freedom.

To date, ReBicycle has donated more than 200 bikes to those in need, and is now expanding bike-riding lessons as demand soars. With a bike, you can travel farther but for almost no cost. The three hours a day that used to spend on walking to and from English language lessons has been reduced to just one hour. Our bike-riding lessons are so successful that we are urgently looking for more volunteers. Learning to ride a bike is almost always more difficult as an adult, and this can take days and weeks, rather than hours. So, if any of you have some free time during the weekend, please come join us at ReBicycle and make a difference in someone’s life.Q19. What did ReBicycle do to help Leila Rahimi?【答案】B

【解析】本題屬於細節信息考察，根據ReBicycle … gave a second – hand bicycle，運用詞彙替換的技巧，對應到B選項中的使用過的自行車，即used bicycle。

Q20. What is ReBicycle doing to help those in need?【答案】A

【解析】本題屬於細節信息考察，定位those in need，根據信息細節把握後文，…is now expanding bike-riding lessons as demand soars，即ReBicycle隨著需求增加而開展了單車騎行課程的業務，故選擇A。

Q21. What do we learn from the passage about the ReBicycle?

【答案】B

【解析】本題考查文章的主旨大意，文章通篇描述ReBicycle是如何為又需要的人提供單車及相應的服務，並且通過文章第一句中的charity一詞可知，ReBicycle是一個慈善機構，故選擇B選項。

Passage 3

Thanks to the International Space Station we know quite a bit about the effects of low gravity on the human body, but NASA scientists want to learn more. To that end, they have been studying how other species deal with low gravity, specifically focusing on mice（22）. The results are both interesting and humorous.

The scientists first send some mice in a specially designed cage to the International Space Station. The cage allowed them to study the behavior of the mice remotely from Earth via video. As you noticed in the video, the mice definitely seem uncomfortable at the beginning of the experiment. They move around clumsily, drifting within the small confines of the cage and do their best to figure out which way is up, but without success. (23)However, it’s not long before the mice begin to catch on. They adapt remarkably well to their new environment and even using the lack of gravity to their advantage as they push themselves around the cage.

That’s when things really get wild. The 11th day of the experiment shows the mice are not just dealing with the gravity change but actually seem to be enjoying it. (24) Several of the mice are observed running around the cage walls.

The scientists wanted to see whether the mice would continue doing the same kinds of activities they were observed doing on Earth. The study showed that the mice kept much of their routines intact, including cleaning themselves and eating when hungry. (25)

Q22 What do Nasa scientists want to learn about?

【答案】[D]. How animals deal with lack of gravity.

【解析】對應原文：they have been studying how other species deal with low gravity, specifically focusing on mice. 他們一直在研究其他物種是如何應對低重力的，特別是在老鼠身上。做到試聽一致即可做出答案。

Q23 What does the passage say about the mice at the beginning of the experiment?

【答案】[A]. They were not used to the low- gravity environment.

【解析】對應原文：As you noticed in the video, the mice definitely seem uncomfortable at the beginning of the experiment. 正如你在視頻中注意到的那樣，在實驗的開始，老鼠們顯然不太舒服。正確答案與原文進行了同替。

Q24 What was observed about the mice on the 11th day of the experiment?

【答案】[C]. They already felt at home in the new environment.

【解析】對應原文：The 11th day of the experiment shows the mice are not just dealing with the gravity change but actually seem to be enjoying it. 實驗的第11天表明，老鼠不僅要應對重力的變化，而且看起來還很享受。用the 11th day定位，正確答案與原文進行了同替。

Q25 What did the scientists find about the mice from the experiment?

【答案】[B]. They behaved as if they were on Earth.

【解析】對應原文：The study showed that the mice kept much of their routines intact, including cleaning themselves and eating when hungry. 研究表明，這些老鼠保持了大部分日常活動的完整，包括清潔自己和飢餓時進食。正確答案與原文進行了同替。

閱讀部分

2020年12月四級閱讀題目解析

新東方蘭州 高海銘 王皓

詞彙理解題

26. B – constant

解析：首先根據詞性判斷可知，此處需要一個形容詞去修飾praise；其次，後文提到父母為了建立孩子的信息，便經常去鼓勵、讚美孩子，因此本處選擇B選項constant。

27. G – negative

解析：根據however可以看出，後文的語義出現了轉折，effect前需要一個形容詞去修飾，並且可以看出，家長不斷鼓勵、讚美孩子，卻適得其反，因此選擇G選項negative。

28. K – repeatedly

解析：首先，句意為當我們重複的使用同樣的鼓勵或讚美，這些讚美也就變得空洞或毫無價值；其次，根據詞性判斷此處需要填入一個副詞，用來修飾動詞use，意為重複的使用，故選擇K選項。

29. L – rewarded

解析：首先根據句意，可理解為，it變為一種期待，即孩子們做任何事都希望得到積極的讚美；其次，此處must be後可以跟形容詞或過去分詞構成本動語態，根據前文判斷選擇L選項，即孩子們做任何事都必須得到讚美、表揚。

30. C – disappointing

解析：根據前文可理解，孩子們為了得到表揚而不會冒險，以至於讓家長失望；其次，of後可填現在分詞作介詞賓語，故選擇C。

31. H – outcome

解析：根據rather than進行判斷，健康的讚美模式，是應該關注過程(process)，而不是結果，故選擇H選項。

32. I – pattern

解析：根據句意判斷，我們該怎麼做去打破我們已經習慣的這種讚美模式；其次，break為動詞，其後需要添加一個賓語，故選擇I選項，構成動賓結構。

33. D – distinguish

解析：首先，根據結構it’s important to do，需要填入一個動詞原型；其次，根據之後的內容，區分個人讚美和過程讚美，故選擇D選項。

34. N – simply

解析：根據句意判斷，個人讚美就僅僅是讚美一個人如何好；其次，可以看出需要填入一個副詞以修飾整個句子，故選擇N選項。

35. O– undertaken

解析：首先，根據has可以判斷，此處是一個現在完成時，需要填入過去分詞；其次，根據句意可理解為，過程咱們就是對一個人剛剛體驗過的經歷、努力的一種肯定，故選擇O。

段落匹配題

36. [E]

對應E段： That comment, says Mothering Justice director Danelle Atkinson，"was meant to shame".

37. [H]

對應H段： But the fact that 4 in 10 Americans can't come up with ＄400 in an emergency is a commonly cited statistic for good reason: economic instability stretches across race, gender, and geography.

38. [M]

對應M段： According to the General Social Survey, 71 percent of respondents believe the country is spending too little on "assistance to the poor. "

39. [J]

對應J段： The Frame Works Institute, a research group that focuses on public framing of issues, has studied what sustains stereotypes and narratives of poverty in the United Kingdom.

40. [D]

對應D段： If these are the central characters of our story about poverty, what layers of perceptions, myths, and realities must we unearth to find meaningful solutions and support?

41.[F]

對應F段： How many of us are poor in the U.S.?

42. [N]

對應N段： "Poverty has been interchangeable with people of color- specifically black women and black mothers, " says Atkinson of Mothering Justice.

43. [I]

對應I段：Negative images remain of who is living in poverty as well as what is needed to move out of it.

44. [C]

根據本段第一句話「Today’s faces of inequality and lack of opportunity look like all of us」，today對應題幹中的nowadays，inequality與題幹中是原詞重現，此外本句大意為今天我們所有人都面臨著不平等和機會的缺乏，這與題幹中的none of us can get away from income inequality.

45 [L]

對應L段： Those external factors include the difficulties accompanying low-wage work or structural discrimination based on race, gender, or ability.

仔細閱讀

Passage one:

46. [A]. When they don’t have the chance to do what they want

【解析】定位在第二段，對於孤獨，心理學家普遍接受的定義中提到：One widely accepted psychological definition of boredom is the experience of wanting, but being unable, to engage in satisfying activity.

47. [D]. Harmful conduct

【解析】定位到第三段第一句：Boredom has been linked to behavior issues including inattentive mindless snacking, excessive drinking and addictive gambling.

48. [B]. Many volunteers choose to hurt themselves rather than endure boredom

【解析】定位到第三段第三、四、五句話：One team psychologists discovered that two-third men and a quarter of women would rather self-administer shock than sit alone with their thoughts for 15 minutes. Researching the phenomenon, other team asked volunteers to watch boring, sad, or neutral film, during which they could self-administer electric shock. The board volunteer shocked themselves more and harder than the sad and neutral ones did.

49. [C]. It may promote creative thinking.

【解析】定位到第四段第一、二句話：But boredom is not all bad by courage, self-reflection, and daydreaming, it can spur creativity.

50. [D]. Allow oneself some time to be bored.

【解析】定位到最後一段話：in our always-connected world, boredom may be a hard-to-define state, but it is fertile one. Watch pain dry or water boil, at least put away your smartphone for a while, and you might unlock your next big idea.

Passage two:

51. [B]. Forests are fast shrinking in many developing countries.

解析：首先，鎖定第一段第一句中的environmentalists, 前文提到get a lot of attention對應問題中的catch environmentalists』 attention；根據第一段前兩句可以看出，發展中國家(南美洲與撒哈拉沙漠所在的非洲)森林的快速消亡正是環境學家們所關注的問題，故選擇B。

52. [C]. Those that used to have the lowest forest coverage.

解析：根據題目中fastest forest growth，定位至第二段第一句with the fastest growth in places that historically had rather few trees；其次，通過句意判斷，從歷史角度出發，森林在樹木稀少的地方生長最快，故選擇C

53. [C]. The government's advocacy.

解析：首先，題目中的encouraging對應到第三段fertilising，意為促進森林面積的增長；其次，在文中發現了兩點原因，第一是退耕還林，第二是政府政策原因，因此選擇A選項，即政府的宣傳。

54. [C]. Their capabilities of improving air quality.

解析：首先根據desire鎖定文章第三段最後末尾，前一句提到森林對空氣起到的淨化作用，故選擇C選項。

55. [D]. Developed and developing countries are moving in opposite directions.

解析：閱讀文章最後一段，首先作者描述部分西方國家的人，對森林的回歸的一些相反的觀點；其次，在文章最後一句，作者表明，西方國家森林面積的增長趨勢，與發展中國家森林面積縮減的趨勢，都是勢不可擋的。

翻譯部分

2020年12月四級翻譯題目解析

新東方蘭州 邸明珠

【整體解析】

翻譯整體難度適中。從詞語翻譯層面來看：關鍵詞「春節」、「餃子」、「飲食」、「傳統」等考生較為熟悉，翻譯沒什麼困難；但像「美德」、「節省」、「海鮮」、「淡水水產」、「豐富多樣」等詞有一定難度，考生如果沒有充足的詞彙儲備，可能會翻譯不出，但是這些詞也可以換一種說法進行翻譯，比如「豐富多樣」可以翻譯為「 different kinds of」。從句型層面來看：主要以S+V+O的基本句式加上定語從句以及一些被動語態翻譯，整體來說句型不難，沒有超綱句式。

【真題1】

魚是春節前夕餐桌上不可或缺的一道菜，因為漢語中「魚」字的發音與「餘」字的發音相同。正由於這個象徵性的意義，春節期間魚也作為禮物送給親戚朋友。魚的象徵意義據說源於中國傳統文化。中國人有節省的傳統，他們認為節省得愈多，就感到愈為安全。今天，儘管人們愈來愈富裕了，但他們仍然認為節省是一種值得弘揚的美德。

【譯文】

Fish is an indispensable dish on the Spring Festival Eve because the pronunciation of fish in Chinese is the same as Yu, the literal meaning of affluence. Due to this symbolic meaning, fish are also given as gifts to relatives and friends during the Chinese New Year. It is said that the symbolic meaning of fish is derived from traditional Chinese culture with thrift being its tradition. Chinese people think the more they save, the more secure they feel. Today, even though people are getting richer, they still regard thrift as a praiseworthy virtue.

【逐句翻譯】

1. 魚是春節前夕餐桌上不可或缺的一道菜，因為漢語中「魚」字的發音與「餘」字的發音相同。

解析：本句中「因為」這一信號詞，因此可將此句翻為原因狀語從句，「春節前夕」可翻為「Spring Festival Eve」,「不可或缺」可翻為「indispensable」.

Fish is an indispensable dish on the Spring Festival Eve because the pronunciation of fish in Chinese is the same as Yu, the literal meaning of affluence.

正由於這個象徵性的意義，春節期間魚也作為禮物送給親戚朋友。

解析：本句中有「由於」這一信號詞，將其翻譯為「due to」,象徵意義可翻譯為「symbolic meaning」.

Due to this symbolic meaning, fish are also given as gifts to relatives and friends during the Chinese New Year.

魚的象徵意義據說源於中國傳統文化。中國人有節省的傳統，

解析：本句與後句「中國人有節省的傳統」意思連接緊密，因此將後半句與前句結合在一起翻譯，將其作為後句的伴隨狀語。

It is said that the symbolic meaning of fish is derived from traditional Chinese culture with thrift being its tradition.

他們認為節省得愈多，就感到愈為安全。

解析：這句話可以用一個固定結構「the more, the more」進行翻譯。

Chinese people think the more they save, the more secure they feel.

5. 今天，儘管人們愈來愈富裕了，但他們仍然認為節省是一種值得弘揚的美德。

解析：「美德」可以翻譯為「virtue」, 可將「儘管」翻譯為讓步狀語從句。

Today, even though people are getting richer, they still regard thrift as a praiseworthy virtue.

【真題2】

生活在中國不同地區的人們飲食多種多樣。北方人主要吃麵食，南方人大多吃米飯。在沿海地區，海鮮和淡水水產品在人們飲食中佔有相當大的比例，而在其他地區人們的飲食中，肉類和奶製品更為常見。四川、湖南等省份的居民普遍愛吃辛辣食物，而江蘇和浙江人更喜歡甜食。然而，因為烹飪方式各異，同類食物的味道可能會有所不同。

【譯文】

People living in different parts of China have different kinds of food. Those in the north mainly eat noodles, while the people in the south prefer rice. In coastal areas, seafood and fresh water products account for a considerable proportion of people’s diet, while in other areas, meat and dairy products are more common. Residents in Sichuan, Hunan and other provinces like spicy food, while people in Jiangsu and Zhejiang prefer sweet food. However, due to different cooking methods, the same food may taste different.

【分句解析】

生活在中國不同地區的人們飲食多種多樣。

解析：本句中的定語「生活在中國不同地區的」可翻譯為動名詞做後置定語。

People living in different parts of China have different kinds of food.

北方人主要吃麵食，南方人大多吃米飯。

本句可翻譯為：Those in the north mainly eat noodles, while the people in the south prefer rice.

3. 在沿海地區，海鮮和淡水水產品在人們飲食中佔有相當大的比例，而在其他地區人們的飲食中，肉類和奶製品更為常見。

解析：本句翻譯的句式同上句一樣，用「while」來形成前後對比。

In coastal areas, seafood and fresh water products account for a considerable proportion of people’s diet, while in other areas, meat and dairy products are more common.

四川、湖南等省份的居民普遍愛吃辛辣食物，而江蘇和浙江人更喜歡甜食。

Residents in Sichuan, Hunan and other provinces like spicy food, while people in Jiangsu and Zhejiang prefer sweet food.

5. 然而，因為烹飪方式各異，同類食物的味道可能會有所不同。

解析：「因為」這一信號詞可以翻譯為due to

However, due to different cooking methods, the same food may taste different.

【真題3】

春節前夕吃團圓飯是中國人的傳統。團圓飯是一年中最重要的晚餐，也是家庭團聚的最佳時機，家人生活在不同地方的家庭尤其如此。團圓飯上的菜餚豐富多樣，其中有些菜餚有特殊含義。例如，魚是不可缺少的一道菜，因為漢語中的「魚」字和「餘」字聽上一樣。在中國的許多地方，餃子也是一道重要的佳餚，因為餃子象徵著財富和好運。

【譯文】

It is a Chinese tradition to eat reunion dinner on the Spring Festival Eve. Reunion dinner is the most important dinner of the year and the best time for family reunion, especially for family members who live apart. The dishes on the reunion dinner are varied, some of which have special meanings. For example, fish is an indispensable dish because fish sounds like 「surplus」. In many places, Chinese dumplings are also an important dish since they symbolize wealth and fortune.

【分句解析】

春節前夕吃團圓飯是中國人的傳統。

解析：本句用It is +to do句式翻譯出來。

It is a Chinese tradition to eat reunion dinner on the Spring Festival Eve.

團圓飯是一年中最重要的晚餐，也是家庭團聚的最佳時機，家人生活在不同地方的家庭尤其如此。

解析：這句話比較長，我們可以將前兩個句子翻譯為並列句，第三個小短句翻譯為短語，作為補充說明。

Reunion dinner is the most important dinner of the year and the best time for family reunion, especially for family members who live apart.

團圓飯上的菜餚豐富多樣，其中有些菜餚有特殊含義。

解析：本句中的「其中」，我們可將其處理為定語從句。

The dishes on the reunion dinner are varied, some of which have special meanings.

例如，魚是不可缺少的一道菜，因為漢語中的「魚」字和「餘」字聽上一樣。

For example, fish is an indispensable dish because fish sounds like 「surplus」.

5. 在中國的許多地方，餃子也是一道重要的佳餚，因為餃子象徵著財富和好運。

解析：「因為」後面的部分翻譯為原因狀語從句，「象徵」翻譯為「symbolize」。

In many places, Chinese dumplings are also an important dish since they symbolize wealth and fortune.

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