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This is a question we all ask when we’re kids: Why is the sky blue?Many think that it’s reflecting the color of the ocean, but that’s a huge myth! It’s not a short answer, but it is a simple one that’s easy to understand. So let’s find out, once and for all, why the sky is blue!
當我們還是孩子的時候，都曾問過這樣一個問題：為什麼天空是藍色的？ 這是一個巨大的迷思，許多人覺得是因為天空反襯出了海洋的顏色。確實，這是一個簡單易懂的回答，但這個問題的其中緣由還真不是一兩句話就能說明白的。今天讓我們一起揭曉天空顏色的奧秘吧！
What color of light does the sun put out?
太陽發出的光，究竟是什麼顏色？
The color that comes from the sun is a white light that is a mixture of all the colors of the rainbow. When the sunlight gets to the atmosphere of Earth, it is scattered in every direction by the gases and particles in the air. It was Isaac Newton who discovered that a prism could be used to separate the different colors and form a spectrum.
太陽發出的是白光，它是由七彩顏色混合而成，就像將彩虹揉合在了一起。當陽光到達地球大氣層時，會被空氣中的氣體和微粒向各個方向分解開。物理學家牛頓（Isaac Newton）發現，可以使用稜鏡來分離光的不同顏色，從而使其得到光譜的方法。
He further proved that it wasn’t the prism coloring the light by refracting the light back together. Each shade of color consists of different wavelengths. Red has the longest waves, and violet has the shortest waves. Short wavelengths are scattered more strongly than long waves.
牛頓進一步證明，稜鏡並非是通過將光折射，才使它被著色。實際上，是每種顏色的陰影都由不同的波長組成。紅色具有最長的波段，而紫色具有最短的波段。短波比長波散射得更強烈。（波段排序請自行腦補：赤橙黃綠青藍紫）
XX的混合物（混合體）
例句：He was a charming mixture of glum and glee. 他是一個很有魅力的人，時而憂傷，時而歡笑。
分散的，稀稀拉拉的。
近義詞：distrubuted, incoherent
反義詞：concentrated, coherent
Then why don’t we see a violet sky?
為什麼我們看不到紫色的天空？
This is because of our eyes! We distinguish colors by using cones in our retinas, which are photo receptor cells. Each retina contains 5 million cones of 3 different types which specialize in different colors. Specifically, the 3 different types of colors are red, blue, and green which are the colors our eyes respond the strongest to.
這是因為我們眼睛的緣故！人類的眼睛之所以能辨別顏色，是因為視網膜中的視錐細胞。視錐細胞是感光細胞。每個視網膜包含了5百萬個視錐細胞，而它們主要分為3種類型，分別具有不同的顏色。具體來說，紅色，藍色和綠色這3種不同類型的顏色，是我們眼睛最能接受的顏色。
Even though violet is the shortest, it is absorbed by the atmosphere making there less violet in the light. On top of that, our eyes are less sensitive to violet because of our color receptors.
That leaves us to see a blue sky, since blue is the second shortest wavelength! So on a clear day with no clouds, we will see a blue sky because the molecules in the air scatter blue light more so.
Red light during the day doesn’t quite scatter in the daytime.
正如上段所說，紫色的波長最短，最容易被大氣所吸收，所以當太陽光進入大氣層，紫色光的存在感就最低。更最重要的是，由於視錐細胞的關係，我們的眼睛對紫色的敏感性也低。
正因為如此，作為波長第二短的藍色就被襯託了出來，於是我們看見的天空就是藍色的。
在晴朗無雲的晴天，我們會看到藍天，因為空氣中的分子會散射藍光。紅色由于波長最長，所以即便在白天也並不容易被分散。
辨別，區別。
詞組：distinguish between 區別，分辨； distinguish from 區別，辨別
吸收，吸引，承受，理解。
例句： The company will absorb all the costs. 公司將負擔一切費用。
Why are sunset’s different colors?
為什麼日落時，天空的顏色會有所不同？
When the sun goes down, all of this changes. Sunsets are typically vibrant colors of reds, oranges, pinks, and purples. When the sun is going down, the blue light is scattering where the sun is moving, and it’s blue out of our line of sight.
If the air is clear, the sunset will look yellow since the sunlight has passed a long distance through the air. If you’re in a more polluted area, the sunset will be redder since the light is passing through a thicker layer of atmosphere.
太陽下山時，情況就有所變化。隨著太陽的落山，陽光的照射位置發生了變化，藍色因此被加大了散射幅度，逐漸淡出我們的視野範圍。而此時，紅色，橙色，粉色和紫色將較為鮮明出挑。
如果日落時天氣晴朗，陽光會在空氣中穿過很長一段距離，我們的眼睛會接收到黃色的波長，因此日落將顯得發黃。如果你位於汙染嚴重的地區，空氣品質很糟糕，那麼光線需要穿過較厚的大氣層，許多其他顏色的波長會被「消耗」，因此日落會顯得更紅一些。
This results in the blue and green light being scattered along the way, while the red wavelengths pass through.
Meanwhile, sunsets over the ocean may be orange due to the salt particles in the air.
Obviously, you should never stare directly at the sun else you』ll likely go blind. But if you did, you would see all of the wavelengths because light would be directly reaching your eyes.
So there’s your science lesson for the day! It’s a simple question asked by many, but the answer is really only known by a few.
藍色和綠色在陽光照射的沿途被散射，而紅色由于波段最長，於是「僥倖」穿過空氣被我們所見到。
另外，考慮到空氣中鹽分含量的不同，海上的日落則更有可能呈現為橙色。
當然，千萬不要直視太陽，因為那樣很容易導致失明。但如果真的直視陽光，你將見到所有的顏色波長，因為陽光是直接打到你的眼睛上的。
以上就是今天我們為你呈現的科學課！雖然關於天空為什麼是藍色，是很多人會發出的疑問，但它真正的解答，卻只有很少人知道。現在，你就是其中之一了。
因為公眾號平臺更改了推送規則，
點一下 「在看」 才不會錯過酒館的精彩哦