作者：謝懷鋒@譯匠編譯組（歡迎小夥伴加入）
微博：@譯匠翻譯；公眾號：譯匠
昨天下午一點左右，相聲演員曹雲金髮表了一篇微博長文，讓輿論炸開了鍋。
文章歷數了郭德綱的數種劣行，揭露了在德雲社拜師學藝期間所遭受的種種不公。
而郭德綱早在八月三十一日就發微博說「該清的清，該驅的驅。所謂的清理門戶，是為了給好人們一個交代。」並亮出德雲社家譜，宣布奪回何雲偉、曹雲金的雲字藝名，並將他們逐出師門。
昔日師徒如今反目，雙方各執一詞，身為局外人的我們也無法辨明孰是孰非，與其看熱鬧站隊，不如利用時間學學英語。譯匠（公眾號：譯匠）小編今天也整理了一些與相聲有關的英語資料與術語，話不多說，乾貨奉上。
維基百科上對相聲（Crosstalk）的定義：
Crosstalk, also known by its Chinese name xiangsheng (simplified Chinese: 相聲; traditional Chinese: 相聲; pinyin: xiàngsheng; literally: "face and voice"), is a traditional Chinesecomedic performance in the form of a dialogue between two performers, or, much less often, a solo monologue or, even less frequently, a multi-person dialogue. The language, rich in punsand allusions, is delivered in a rapid, bantering style. Crosstalk is one of China's foremost and most popular performing arts, and is typically performed in the Beijing dialect (or in Standard Chinese with a strong Northern Chinese accent). The acts would sometimes include singing and musical instruments.
相聲
相聲，即相與聲，是中國傳統的喜劇表演形式，分別有對口相聲，單口相聲與群口相聲等種類。相聲語言富含雙關、引喻，內容輕鬆詼諧。相聲是中國最重要、最流行的表演藝術之一，常以北京話（或嚴重的北方口音）講。有時會以樂器伴奏。
CultureChina 網站上對相聲的描述：
In the course of development, xiangsheng absorbed the essence of different art forms like vocal imitation, storytelling etc. It rose as a performing art that implies sobriety in humor, presenting the true, the good and the beautiful through satirical puns and bringing laughter to the audience. Modern xiangsheng is made up of four artistic skills - speaking, imitating, teasing and singing.
在發展的過程中，相聲吸收了模擬口技、說書等不同藝術形式的精華。寓莊於諧，以諷刺笑料表現真善美，為觀眾帶來歡樂。現代相聲的主要藝術形式為說、學、逗、唱。
Traditional xiangsheng plays either satirize vile practices of old China or reflect various social phenomena through humorous storytelling. There are a total of over 200 such plays, such as Lord Guan Fighting with Qin Qiong, Operas and Dialects, False Expert and Stripping off the Mandarin Jacket. Currently, xiangsheng covers a wide range of subjects. Apart from works in traditional satirizing style, there are creations in praise of new heroes and events, mirroring real life. These works include A Nighttime Tour, Buying Monkeys, Yesterday, and the Cap Factory etc.
傳統相聲通過幽默說書的方式諷刺了封建社會的骯髒卑劣或反映了不同的社會現象。目前有超過200多部相聲。比如《關公戰秦瓊》、《戲劇與方言》、《賈行家》、《扒馬褂》等。相聲主題廣泛，除了傳統的諷刺形式以外，也讚頌了新的英雄與事件，映射了現實生活。作品包括《夜行記》、《買猴》、《昨天》、《帽子工廠》等。
那位英文說的比中國人還好的大山，說麼過艾博特和考斯坦羅的美國相聲節目「誰在一壘？」（Who's on First?）與中國相聲最類似。最常見的是兩人在臺上以直接、風趣的對話開展節目。
The classic 「Who’s on First」 skit by Abbott and Costello is often used as an English language equivalent of xiangsheng. Many performances involve a two-man dialogue in the traditional straight-man / funny-man format, with the 「funny man」 running linguistic circles around his somewhat befuddled partner. Solo and multiple-person sketches also exist but are not as common.
美國相聲「誰在一壘？」（Who's on First?），各位可以感受一下。
早在2011年，郭德綱榮登紐約時報，文章指出，相聲的復興歸功於「郭先生在舞臺上精彩詼諧的表演」，並稱「中國媒體將郭德綱譽為『中國相聲界的救世主』」：「由於他極具平民主義的幽默感，時常對官僚、名流大加譏諷，被廣大中國老百姓奉為人民的英雄。」
作者還神預測地提到相聲「表面風光背後隱藏的不少問題」。
如今郭德綱與徒弟鬧得顏面掃地，被徒弟拉下神壇，但是我們相信最為植根人心中的相聲藝術依然會繼續大放異彩。
Crosstalk is generally thought to have taken form in the late Qing Dynasty, particularly during the rule of the Xianfeng Emperor and the Tongzhi Emperor in the mid-1800s, although its roots may extend as far back as the Ming Dynasty. It began as a form of street performance incorporating joke-telling, comedic banter, imitations, or borrowing from other forms of performance art such as Peking Opera, all with the express purpose of making audiences laugh. By the early days of the Republic of China, crosstalk had evolved to the format as it is known today, being performed in teahouses and theatres as well as, eventually, on radio and television.
相聲起源於華北地區的民間說唱曲藝，在明朝即已盛行。經清朝時期的發展直至民國初年，相聲逐漸從一個人摹擬口技發展成為單口笑話，名稱也就隨之轉變為相聲。融合了笑話段子、幽默玩笑，模仿，並借鑑了京劇表演形式，目的就是逗笑觀眾。相聲從最初發展至今，可謂是到了空前的繁榮，其表演廣泛見諸茶館、戲院、廣播電視和網絡。
簡單介紹完相聲的形式、內容、歷史，接下來奉上相聲術語。
活——段子 Jokes
包袱——笑料 Punchline
倒口——模仿方言 Imitate dialects
下掛——Reorganize
皮厚——Hard to understand
碼前——More quickly
格念——Stop talking
杵頭——Money
對託——Fit in well
念嘬——Bad
使相——Facial expressions
夯頭——Throat
泥啦——Bad effect
出蠱——Cause a problem
對兒春——Dialogue
單春——Monologue
海——Big Many
蹶——Small few
硬買賣——Earned a fortune
稀溜綱——Something funny
咧瓢——Laughed
瘟——Dull
盤兒尖——Beautiful face
撇蘇兒——Crying
瓤——Hungry
葷口——Cliché
給主創發個紅包
關註譯匠，回復關鍵詞：
航空資料 | 法律資料 | 航空翻譯 | 法律翻譯 | 航空筆記 | L10N | MTI | 梅花劍法 | abbyy | FQ | Lingoes | Trados | memoQ | 法律翻譯筆記連載 | 經濟學人 | 譯匠 | 牆測試 | B20
置頂譯匠，每天漲本事：
學習、翻譯、觀世界
一群翻譯工匠在玩