Quantum supremacy chase: India in select country club
量子霸權爭奪賽：印度躋身精英國家俱樂部
New Delhi: India has joined a select few countries that chase 「Quantum Supremacy」 with a Rs 8,000-crore national mission to crack into the next generation technology, which promises exponential 『compute』 power and to rewrite the rules of present-day computing.
新德裡：印度已躋身少數幾個爭奪「量子霸權」的國家行列，肩負著800億盧比的國家使命，進軍新一代技術。新一代技術有望帶來指數級的「計算」能力，並改寫當今計算的規則。
The Department of Science and Technology (DST), which is drafting the contours of the mission to be detailed in a month, is looking to build a homegrown 50 Qubit 『Quantum Computer』 in 4-5 years as part of the mission, which will also include building solutions for quantum communications, storage and encryption, a government official told ET.
一位政府官員告訴《經濟時報》，科學技術部（DST）正在起草該任務的框架，將在一個月內製訂出細節，作為該任務的組成部分，科技部希望在4-5年內建造一臺國產的50位「量子計算機」，其中還將包括為量子通信、存儲和加密構建解決方案。
Once proven, the disruptive technology — still under works at labs in the United States, Russia, China and India — could be used to hack into any cyber security system in a matter of seconds, making it a strategic need for countries. It could also be applied to previously unsolved problems and significantly reduce the time taken to provide solutions.
這項顛覆性的技術目前在美國、俄羅斯、中國和印度的實驗室裡仍處於研究階段，一旦被證實，可在幾秒鐘內侵入任何網絡安全系統，這使其成為各國的戰略需求。它還可以應用於以前未解決的問題，並大大減少提供解決方案所需的時間。
「Any country which has quantum technology can secure their systems and decode the most secured networks elsewhere,」 KR Murali Mohan, head of Interdisciplinary Cyber-Physical Systems at DST, which is implementing the mission told ET.
「任何擁有量子技術的國家都可以保護他們的系統，並解碼其他一切最安全的網絡，」DST跨學科網絡物理系統負責人穆拉利莫漢告訴《經濟時報》。
A typical computer stores information in bits—either as a 0 or 1— but quantum computers can store information in two quantum bits (or qubits) as both a 0 and a 1 at the same time, that is as 11 or 01, which means that the computational power of a system can multiply exponentially.
標準的計算機將信息以二進位位—0或1—的形式進行存儲，但量子計算機可以同時以兩個量子位(量子比特)0和1的形式存儲信息，即11或01，這意味著系統的計算能力可以得到成倍增長。
For companies and countries that can crack it, it is a wealth of monetary benefits. 「Whoever does it first is expected to have a clear monopoly, that’s why so many investments are being made worldwide on this technology,」 Mohan said.
對於能夠破解它的公司和國家來說，這將帶來巨大的金錢收益。莫漢說:「誰第一個取得成功，都將佔據顯而易見的壟斷地位，這就是為什麼全世界都在這項技術上進行大額投資的原因。」
DST has asked for Rs 8,000 crore funding over five years, since the hardware and software required for Quantum Research is expensive and researchers have to operate in sub-zero temperatures.
由於量子研究所需的硬體和軟體非常昂貴，而且研究人員必須在零下的溫度下工作，DST已經在未來5年內申請了800億盧比的資金。
India is not only betting on quantum technology for strategic purposes, but also to focus on applications in areas such as medical, agriculture, space and aerospace engineering. For instance, it can reduce the time-tomarket of drug discovery to just two days from the current 10 years, run tests on various demographic and gene profiles, run complex aircraft simulations within a matter of minutes. The mission is planned in such a way that research and development that is a part of it will be fed into startups, which can spin off products in the area of quantum computing and take them to market quickly.
印度不僅將量子技術用於戰略目的，還將把重點放在醫療、農業、太空和航天工程等領域的應用上。例如，它可以將藥物發現的上市時間從目前的10年縮短至2天，對各種人口統計學和基因圖譜進行測試，在幾分鐘內進行複雜的航空器模擬。這項任務中研究和開發的一部分將被注入初創公司，這些公司可以分拆量子計算領域的產品，並將它們迅速推向市場。
「India is the third largest when it comes to publishing papers, but it doesn’t translate into creating actual products, reducing the gap between research and product development can help,」 said Mohan.
莫漢說:「印度在論文發表數量方面排名第三，但這並未轉化為真正的產品，縮小研究和產品開發之間的差距會有所幫助。」
Once quantum technology goes mainstream, the most secure of encryptions generated using today’s crypto algorithms could be broken into within a matter of seconds – something governments worldwide are scared about. 「Quantum changes computing in the most fundamental way since it provides exponentially more compute power. But it is also probabilistic in nature, so the chances of error are high compared to the determinate nature of today’s computing,」 said Rahul Matthan, cofounder of law firm Trilegal.
一旦量子技術成為主流，即便使用當今加密算法生成的最安全的加密術也可能在幾秒鐘內被破解—這正是世界各國政府都擔心的事情。「量子以最基本的方式改變了計算，因為它能提供指數級的計算能力。但它在本質上也是概率性的，因此與今天的計算的確定性相比，出錯的機率很高。
「Everyone in the world is still at the very basic stage of understanding how to build quantum computers, so if India can invest in R&D, we have as much of a chance as anyone to make a fundamental breakthrough,」 he added.
他補充說:「全球各國都還處於摸索如何製造量子計算機的非常基礎的階段，所以如果印度能夠投資研發，我們就有和其他人一樣多的機會取得根本性突破。」
以下是《印度經濟時報》讀者評論：
譯文來源：三泰虎 譯者：Joyceliu
Pandey US
R&D is the base of country's devolopment. All the best . go ahead. At least Modi government has sanctioned the project and allotted the fund which was not possible in Congress or collision era.
研發是國家發展的基礎。願一切順利！加油。至少莫迪政府已經批准了這個項目，資金也到位了，這在國大黨或衝突時代是不可能的。
Mickky
This is as important as reaching mars, infect more, all the best to all great scientist who works on it, if India can crack it, no one can stop India to be A 30 TRILLION ECONOMY..
這和登陸火星的任務一樣重要，影響更大，所有最偉大的科學家都在研究它，如果印度能破解它，就沒有人能阻擋印度成為30萬億的經濟體了。
Raj
India GOVT institutions certainly has achieved amazing result irrespective of corrupt bureaucracy (inside & outside these firms). Praying & believing in that extraordinary spirit for similar "magic" to happen in Quantum area. GOD bless the humanity :-) we built spacecraft to reach another planet but cant find bug in banking which leaks billions every day
儘管有腐敗的官僚機構，印度政府機構還是取得了驚人的成果。祈禱並相信這種非凡的精神能在量子領域發生相同的「魔法」。神保佑人類。我們建造了宇宙飛船到達另一個星球，但卻找不到每天洩漏數十億美元的銀行漏洞。
ARA
highly confusing! As we all know, there are two BASIC-components viz hardware and software. You have mentioned about storage of two digits in-place of one ( i.e. either 00, 01, 10,11 against current 0 or 1, = correct?) This deals with hardware mainly. All other descriptions upon compressing an R & D from 10 years to two etc. are to be achieved thru well-written soft-wares! We have already parallel operations and parallel computing. Storage devices have graduated from earlier magnetic-based materials to digital-mode, now. It is unclear whether speed is achieved only due to storage of a double- digit or any accompanying newer processors. (AND as extension, newer software that convert all into very high-speed computational outputs) From whatever I read, current semi-conductor devices face constraints - due to the technological-needs to accommodate very large ACTIVE and PASSIVE elements. ( and resultant problems of over-heating etc) Please make it all clear first. HOW a matching very high speed processor ( s ) that will make use of the said, very high capacity storages will be built?- WHEN? -
非常困惑！我們都知道，有兩個基本組件：硬體和軟體。您提到過在一個數字的位置存儲兩個數字(即針對當前0或1的00、01、10、11，對嗎?)這主要跟硬體有關。存儲設備已經從早期的磁性材料發展到現在的數字模式。目前還不清楚，是否只有存儲兩位數的數據才能達到這種速度，或者只有新處理器才可以。我之前看過文章，當前的半導體設備面臨著一些限制—由於技術的原因—需要容納非常大的有源和無源元件。(由此會產生過熱等問題)如何建造與之匹配的高速處理器來利用所述的高容量存儲器？什麼時候能實現？
Anirban
There's so much incorrect scientific information in this article. Consult a quantum scientist next time please.
這篇文章裡有太多不正確的科學信息。請先諮詢量子科學家。
May
Quantum computing requires different quotient hope DST have it.
量子計算需要不同的商，希望DST有。
H K Doshi
Our scientistCommunity deserve clapping. Congrats.
我們的科學家群體值得鼓掌。恭喜。
Rahul
First Child is born, then crawl, then try to walk, then walk, then kid run, then kid learn and grow, then kid do experiment, then kid invent things, WHAT this article saying about govt is Govt want to jump without learning and inventing any thing.
第一個孩子出生，然後會爬了，蹣跚學步，然後會走了，接著會跑了，然後學習、成長，做實驗、發明東西，這篇關於政府的文章說的是政府想要在沒有學習和發明之前就直接跳。
Rahul
MODIVIRUS: is a daydream virus which affect human thinking and time calculation
莫迪病毒：是一種影響人類思維和時間計算的白日夢病毒。
外文連結：https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/tech/internet/quantum-supremacy-chase-india-in-select-country-club/articleshow/74055777.cms