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一直以來，歷屆日本政府都力圖實現政務電子化，但往往都已失敗告終。然而，構建電子化政府對於人口老齡化的日本來說是提高生產力的關鍵。好在新一任的菅義偉政府致力於組建一個政府機構專門負責解決這一問題。在這一方面，日本應積極學習他國成功經驗，並採取更加強硬的態度堅持到底。
Few reforms would benefit Japan as much as putting government services online
IT IS A ritual almost as frequent and as fleeting as observing the cherry blossoms each year. A new Japanese government pledges to move more public services online. Almost as soon as the promise is made, it falls to the ground like a sad pink petal. In 2001 the government announced it would digitise all its procedures by 2003—yet almost 20 years later, just 7.5% of all administrative procedures can be completed online. Only 7.3% of Japanese applied for any sort of government service online, well behind not only South Korea and Iceland, but also Mexico and Slovakia. Japan is an e-government failure.
That is a great pity, and not just for hapless Japanese citizens wandering from window to window in bewildering government offices. Japan’s population is shrinking and ageing. With its workforce atrophying, Japan relies even more than other economies on gains in productivity to maintain prosperity. The Daiwa Institute of Research, a think-tank in Tokyo, reckons that putting government online could permanently boost GDP per person by 1%. The failure to do so is a missed opportunity.
The lapse is all the more remarkable given Japan’s wealth and technological sophistication. Indeed, that seems to be part of the problem. Over the years big local technology firms have vied for plum contracts to develop IT systems for different, fiercely autonomous, government departments. Most ended up designing bespoke software for each job. The result is a profusion of incompatible systems.
Happily, the government of Suga Yoshihide, who became prime minister in September 2020, seems to be making more than the typical ritual stab at resolving the problem. It is creating a new government agency intended to drag the old ones into the digital world. This new office will be in charge of procurement of IT systems for the government as a whole, giving it real clout. It will be headed by a tech executive, not a bureaucrat.
As a laggard in the rich world in the adoption of digital public services, Japan does at least have the advantage of being able to learn from the experience of other countries. It could look to Estonia for advice on imposing data standards across government departments. Estonia also operates a model digital-ID system (Japan’s is used by less than 20% of the population, and the pandemic has highlighted its shortcomings). It could follow South Korea’s example in making more of its public data, processes and services 「open by default」, and being transparent about its use of data when devising policies and designing services. And to boost take-up it could learn from Denmark, where applications for 95% of state pensions and 100% of maternity benefits are now handled digitally.
These successes were achieved in part by pressing ahead despite the predictable misgivings of hidebound bureaucrats and techno-nervous pensioners. Japan has tended in the past to placate such people by building parallel digital systems and making use of them voluntary. It will have to get tougher with its citizens and civil servants as well as its IT contractors if take-up of digital services is to increase. In fact, officials may find that if they make digital government work more smoothly, much of the resistance to it melts away, as the advantages and cost savings arising from doing paperwork online become more obvious.
The potential gains in productivity, if Japan’s administrators get their act together, would be enormous. The older the population becomes, the greater the benefit, to them and to the government, of doing away with queues and forms. The savings of time, money and effort will only grow. And unlike the transient beauty of the cherry blossom, the blessings of more efficient government would be lasting. ■
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Jan 2nd 2021 • Leaders • 614 words
文章最後一段的第一句話「The potential gains in productivity, if Japan’s administrators get their act together, would be enormous."中的 get their act together 是「醜聞」的意思嗎？注意這裡用到了 get your act together 這一習語 ，表示「更有條理些，加把勁」，英文釋義為 to become more organized and behave in a more effective way, especially in order to achieve something，看一個例句：You need to get your act together if you’re going to find the right house to buy. 要想買到合適的房子，你得加把勁。文中這句話就是在說，如果日本政府加把勁，生產率的潛在增長將是巨大的。🔔 查看本文更多講解，歡迎加入《閱讀訓練營》，可免費試學一周
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本文全文摘選自The Economist/《經濟學人》(Jan 2nd, 2021)，僅供個人學習交流使用。歡迎轉發至朋友圈。商業轉載請在正文前註明「本文來自新英文雜誌公眾號」。
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