【題目】
Review Article, Violence, Resistance, and Rescue during the Holocaust
【作者】
Laia Balcells and Daniel Solomon
【摘要】
二戰期間不同形式的反猶主義暴力給有關政治暴力的比較研究帶來了何種啟示？在本文中，我們回顧了最近三本政治科學方向的書籍，其內容涉及反猶暴力的施暴者、猶太受害者的反應以及幫助歐洲猶太人躲避暴力的救援行動。這些書籍展示了有關大屠殺的豐富歷史記錄在理論研究、實證研究和方法論上的應用潛力。通過回顧這些研究，我們強調了它們所推進的方法論創新，選擇性和集體形式的大規模暴力之間模糊的理論界限，以及施暴者、受害者和救援者都存在採取主動行動的相同可能性。最後，我們得出結論，強調種族滅絕式暴力的社會心理學和這些事件的遺留問題將是今後的研究領域。
What do different forms of anti-Semitic violence during World War II teach us about the comparative study of political violence? In this article, we review three recent political science books about the perpetrators of anti-Semitic violence, the responses of their Jewish victims, and the rescue efforts that helped European Jews evade violence. These books demonstrate promising theoretical, empirical, and methodological uses for the rich historical record about the Holocaust. We use these studies to highlight the methodological innovations that they advance, the blurry theoretical boundaries between selective and collective forms of mass violence, and the possibility of agentive action by perpetrators, victims, and rescuers alike. We conclude by highlighting the social-psychology of genocidal violence and the legacies of these episodes as areas for future inquiry.