2018年俄羅斯世界盃（2018 FIFA World Cup）是國際足聯世界盃足球賽舉辦的第21屆賽事。
比賽於2018年6月14日至7月15日在俄羅斯舉行，這是世界盃首次在俄羅斯境內舉行，亦是世界盃首次在東歐國家舉行。一起來了解一下吧！
Are Germany really that good at penalties? How important is home advantage? And which Mexican defender has the same World Cup scoring record as Cristiano Ronaldo?
德國隊踢點球真的有那麼好嗎？主場優勢有多重要？哪一個墨西哥後衛的世界盃進球數與C羅相同？
As World Cup fever sets in, we answer all that and more...
世界盃開賽在即，我們來探討下這些問題，獲得更多資訊……
1. Who has won the World Cup?
1. 哪些球隊贏得過世界盃？
Brazil are top of the table, with five tournament wins. Their last was in 2002. They hosted in 2014, but their home tournament came to a crashing end with a 7-1 semi-final humiliation by Germany.
共五次贏得世界盃冠軍的巴西隊是各隊之首。他們最近一次奪冠是在2002年。2014年，他們是東道主，但是這一次主場作戰最終卻是在半決賽以1比7慘敗於德國而告終。
No country outside Europe or South America has won the tournament, and victories for Germany, Spain and Italy in the past three finals mean Europe leads with 11 victories to South America’s nine.
目前尚未有歐洲和南美洲以外的球隊贏得過世界盃，而最近三次世界盃決賽都是由歐洲球隊勝出——冠軍分別是德國、西班牙和義大利。歐洲球隊共11次奪冠，南美球隊則有9次。
2. Who has scored the most goals?
2. 哪個球員進球最多？
German goal machine Miroslav Klose tops the chart with 16 across four World Cups. He retired in 2016, but will be going to Russia as a member of his country’s backroom staff.
德國隊的進球機器米羅斯拉夫.克洛澤（Miroslav Klose，高路斯）在四屆世界盃決賽當中共打進16球，是歷屆所有球員當中最多的。他在2016年退役，不過這一次他仍然會作為德國國家隊的後勤人員，前往俄羅斯。
Brazilian Ronaldo is second with 15 goals, eight of which came in their 2002 triumph.
巴西的羅納爾多（Ronaldo，朗拿度）則以15個總入球排名第二，其中有8球是來自幫助巴西隊奪冠的2002年韓日世界盃。
France’s Just Fontaine holds the record for the most goals in a single tournament. He scored 13 in six games in the 1958 tournament.
法國球員朱斯特.方丹（Just Fontaine，方亭）則保持單屆世界盃的最高進球紀錄。他在1958年世界盃的六場比賽當中打入13球。
3. What about current players?
3. 現役球員又是什麼狀況？
Of the players to have scored 10 or more World Cup goals, only Germany’s Thomas Muller will be heading to Russia as a player.
在世界盃個人進球數達到10個或以上的球員當中，只有德國人託馬斯.穆勒（Thomas Muller，湯馬士.梅拿）將作為球員參加俄羅斯世界盃。
To join his compatriot Klose at the top of the list, Muller would have to beat his previous record of five goals in a single tournament.
要追平他的同胞克洛澤，穆勒將需要打破自己個人單屆進五球的最高紀錄。
Colombia forward James Rodriguez won the Golden Boot last time out, so a repeat performance this time will put him among the best.
哥倫比亞前鋒哈梅斯.羅德裡格斯（James Rodriguez）在上一屆世界盃贏得了最佳射手。假如他這次能複製上一屆的表現，也將會成為世界盃總進球最多的球員之一。
Rafael Marquez, the only defender on the list, is going into his fifth World Cup for Mexico with the same scoring record as Cristiano Ronaldo.
這個排行榜上唯一的後衛是墨西哥人拉法爾.馬奎斯（Rafael Marquez，馬基斯）。本屆他將代表墨西哥第五次參加世界盃，而他在世界盃賽上的進球總數與克裡斯蒂亞諾.羅爾納多（Cristiano Ronaldo，基斯坦奴.朗拿度）相當。
4. Teams aren’t shooting as much as they used to
4. 現在的球隊已不像過去那樣經常射門
The last World Cup was a record low in terms of shots per game since at least 1966 - the first year football experts Opta hold data for.
自足球專業數據公司OPTA在1966年開始統計相關數字以來，上屆世界盃是場均攻門次數最少的一屆。
Despite this, the average of 2.7 goals in each 2014 game was the highest since Spain 1982.
儘管如此，2014年世界盃場均進2.7球的數據則是自1982年西班牙世界盃以來最高的。
There appears to have been a decline in the number of shots from long range. A good example is comparing the last World Cup final with the first one for which Opta has shots data - England’s triumph in 1966.
事實上，數據顯示遠射的次數有所減少。一個有代表性的對比是上一屆世界盃與OPTA首次統計射門次數的1966年世界盃。
In the 1966 final there were twice as many shots from outside the box than inside, but of the 20 shots in the 2014 final, more were taken from inside the penalty area.
在1966年的世界盃決賽，禁區外的射門次數是2014年決賽的兩倍，不過在2014年決賽的20次射門當中，在禁區內射門的次數卻比1966年多。
5. England may struggle but the Premier League dominates
5. 英格蘭國家隊或許成績一般，但英超卻佔著世界盃大半壁江山
Since that win in 1966, England have only got past the quarter-finals once. But that hasn’t stopped other countries filling their squads with players from the English leagues.
自1966年奪冠以來，英格蘭只有過一次躋身半決賽。然而，這並不影響英超聯賽的球員佔據其他國家隊的多個位置。
Even with players such as Leroy Sane, Marcos Alonso and David Luiz left at home, the Premier League still supplied more players than any other.
雖然像勒羅伊.薩內（Leroy Sane，桑尼）、馬科斯.阿隆索（Marcs Alonso，馬高斯.阿朗素）和大衛.路易茲（David Luiz，大衛.雷斯）這樣的球員都沒能入選各自的世界盃國家隊名單，但是英超仍然比其他任何聯賽輸出了更多的世界盃參賽球員。
There were 130 World Cup players registered to clubs from England’s top three leagues when the squads were announced, compared with 81 from Spain and 67 from German sides. Uruguay, Panama, Saudi Arabia and Russia are the only countries that have not called up any players based in England.
在世界盃各隊大單宣布時，註冊在英格蘭前三個級別聯賽球隊的球員就多達130個，來自西班牙和德國聯賽的則分別有81和67人。32支參賽隊當中，只有烏拉圭、巴拿馬、沙烏地阿拉伯以及俄羅斯沒有召入任何英格蘭聯賽的球員。
England is also the one country where all 23 players in the squad are from teams in the same league. Sweden and Senegal are at the other end of the spectrum - they’re the only two countries without any players from their local league.
英格蘭隊則是唯一全部23名球員均來自同一個聯賽的球隊。瑞典與塞內加爾則走在另一個極端——他們的名單中沒有一名球員來自本國聯賽。
6. How does the host team do?
6. 東道主的表現如何？
No-one in Brazil will need reminding of the two times they』ve hosted the World Cup. Losing the title to Uruguay in 1950 and going out 7-1 to Germany in 2014 were national embarrassments.
在巴西，沒有人需要提醒他們兩次主辦世界盃的經歷。在1950年，他們在主場輸給了烏拉圭；在2014年，他們以7-1負於德國，令舉國尷尬。
But most other countries perform better when they’re boosted by home support. Russia will hope they can follow the trend and get out of their group alongside one of Uruguay, Egypt and Saudi Arabia.
不過，大多數國家在主場球迷的支持下都能夠表現得更好。俄羅斯隊肯定希望他們能夠延續這一傳統，在擁有烏拉圭、埃及和沙烏地阿拉伯的小組當中出線。
If they do, South Africa will remain as the only host nation to have been eliminated in the first round.
假如俄羅斯成功小組出線，南非就將仍是唯一在世界盃第一圈出局的東道主。
7. Paying the penalty
7. 點球！點球！
No World Cup report would be complete without it ending on penalties.
任何的世界盃總結都離不開點球大戰。
Only one German has ever missed from the spot at a World Cup, and they』ve won all four shootouts they』ve been in. Since then they』ve scored 15 in a row in a record dating back to 1982.
在世界盃歷史上，德國隊只有一名球員曾經踢失過點球，而他們在經過的四次點球大戰中全數取勝。自1982年以來，德國隊連續15次在世界盃上罰進點球。
And in a surprise to no-one, England are the worst team in World Cup penalty shootout history, having lost three without winning any... yet.
絲毫不令人意外的是，英格蘭隊是世界盃點球大戰歷史上成績最差的球隊。他們三次在點球大戰中失利，並且一次都沒有贏過……目前還沒有。
Italy have also been eliminated in the most cruel way three times, including the 1994 final when star player Roberto Baggio famously blasted the ball over the bar. But their 2006 final win against France probably went some way to repairing Italian feelings about the format.
義大利同樣三次以最殘酷的方式被淘汰出局，當中包括1994年那場決賽，球星羅伯特.巴喬（Roberto Baggio，羅拔圖.巴治奧）一腳將球踢飛的畫面成為世界盃歷史上的經典。不過，他們在2006年對陣法國隊的決賽當中贏了一回，多少令這個國家對點球決勝制度的回憶稍微不那麼灰暗。
Method
以上圖表的計算方法
For the 』Home team tends to get more points』 graphic, the data we』ve taken from Fifa counts the result as a draw if a knockout tie was resolved on penalties and as a win or loss if the result happened in extra time. We』ve awarded three points for a win and one for a draw in knockout games as well as group-stage ones.
在「東道主場均積分」的圖表中，我們從國際足聯（FIFA）獲取數據。如果淘汰賽中的比賽是通過點球決勝，則會被算作平局，在加時決出勝負則會被當成決出了勝負。無論是淘汰賽還是小組賽，我們都是給勝方算3分，平局各算1分。
The 』average』 is just from those countries that have hosted tournaments, rather than an average across all World Cup competitors in history.
「場均」積分只計算了那些曾經主辦過世界盃的國家，而不是世界盃歷史上的所有參賽隊。
For the 』homegrown talent』 graphic we included the 11 countries that had the highest number of players playing in their home countries. The clubs that players are associated to is taken from the official list produced by Fifa on 4 June.
在「本土球員」的圖表中，我們統計了本國聯賽入選球員最多的前11個國家。球員所屬俱樂部的資料則來自國際足聯（FIFA）在6月4日更新發布的官員資料。
英文來源：BBC
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