今天,我們一起來分解這篇和核能相關的聽力文章,學習一下新能源之一的核能發電的基本概念,詞彙以及一些衍生的知識點。
There are lots of ways to produce energy; nuclear energy is one of these choices. It is low carbon and reliable.
Low carbon:低碳。低碳是當今環保的最重要的主題之一,控制carbon emission碳排放是減緩全球變暖global warming的重要方式,除了核能之外,還有很多低碳發電的方式,如wind,tide(潮汐能)等。
Here is how it works. There is the thing called an atom. Atoms are the basic buliding blocks of everyday objects; a desk, the air and even you are made up of atoms. Nuclear energy is the energy stored in the nucleus, or center of an atom. To release this energy, power plants split the middle of these atoms into even smaller parts. When they do this, energy is released as heat.
這個部分提到了核能發電的基本原理,其中,basic buliding blocks是個常見的表達,意為:基本的組成單位。後面提到的能源儲存在nucleus /ˈnjuːkliəs/(原子核,這個單詞可以表達「核心」的概念,如雪花的形成需要首先有個nucleus,固體顆粒的霧霾形成也有nucleus)中,通過技術手段分裂原子核為更小的部分,這個過程會釋放熱能(heat),這個過程即為fission(分裂,裂變),fission reaction(裂變反應)是當代核能發電的基本原理。
這裡沒有提到的另一種核反應為fusion reaction(聚變反應),雖然理論上聚變比裂變有更多的知識點,但因為技術難度過高應用非常困難,如今還處在早期發展階段。
This heat is used to boil water to make steam, like a giant kettle. The steam spins a huge turbine that works a generator. The generator makes electricity. Afterwards, the steam cools down and turns back into water so it can be used again.
這個部分簡短的介紹了發電的步驟,通過我們上面提到的fission reaction產生heat,我們可以燒開水並產生蒸汽(steam,就像一個燒水壺kettle)來驅動turbine(渦輪,能源類常見單詞,如風力發電的風車,水力發電的渦輪,都是這個單詞),來進行發電。蒸汽冷凝後變成水又可循環使用。
這裡需要注意,generate和produce都是發電的常用詞彙。
After the energy is created at a nuclear plant, it moves through wires to homes, plugs and to the things we use everyday. By using nuclear energy as part of our energy mix, we can create a brighter future for us all to live in.
最後這個部分提到的內容是,產生的電通過電纜wire(另一個常見用詞cable)運輸到千家萬戶。核能是最為重要的新能源,具有很好的發展前景。