仇恨言論是一種詆毀種族、性別、性取向等個人特徵的殘暴、不人道言論,Facebook與旗下的INS早就設置了針對仇恨言論的禁令。但在整改前,公司的算法和制度並沒有對不同群體加以區分,系統無法判斷哪些群體易受仇恨言論的攻擊,哪些群體不屬於長期邊緣化人群。像「白人愚蠢」這樣的評論甚至會與反猶太主義和種族歧視並為一談。(歷史上被邊緣化的群體(HMG)——婦女、少數種族、少數民族、性少數者以及低收入個人)
Facebook has long banned hate speech — defined as violent or dehumanizing speech — based on race, gender, sexuality and other protected characteristics. It owns Instagram and has the same hate speech policies there. But before the overhaul, the company’s algorithms and policies did not make a distinction between groups that were more likely to be targets of hate speech versus those that have not been historically marginalized. Comments like 「White people are stupid」 were treated the same as anti-Semitic or racist slurs.
多年來,民權倡導者一直在抨擊Facebook大量清除黑人用戶帖子的現象,這種情況在黑人描述歧視經歷時猶為明顯,此次算法修改也是對這一批評的回應。
The shift is a response to years of criticism from civil rights advocates that content from Black users is disproportionately removed, particularly when they use the platform to describe experiences of discrimination.
由於描述歧視經歷可能會涉及對白人的批評,Facebook的算法往往會自動刪除這些內容,即使是先進的人工智慧也會在處理這種微妙話題時「過於熱心」。
Because describing experiences of discrimination can involve critiquing White people, Facebook’s algorithms often automatically removed that content, demonstrating the ways in which even advanced artificial intelligence can be overzealous in tackling nuanced topics.
黑人用戶表示,Facebook聲稱要保護少數群體,但在由白人建立並主導的公司裡,這種仇恨言論政策和內容審核系統卻很難讓他們滿意。但他們別無選擇, 只能繼續使用Facebook和INS,這兩大社交媒體已經成為了黑人團體的救生索。
Black users say hate speech policies and content moderation systems formulated by a company built by and dominated by white men fail the very people Facebook claims it's trying to protect. But they have no choice but to stick with Facebook and Instagram, both critical lifelines to their communities.
藉助社交媒體的輿論運動,警察殺害美國黑人的問題以及就業、健康和其他領域的種族差異都被提上了公共議程。
Movements on social media have helped put the deaths of Black Americans by police officers on the public agenda, along with racial disparities in employment, health and other areas, they say.
黑人用戶還說,在談論種族主義時為了躲避禁令,他們會使用白人頭像、白雲emoji以及 「wypipo」(音似white people )和「huite」(音似white )等俚語,在語音和視覺上代替提及「白人」;他們用假名發帖、設置備份帳戶來聯繫其他黑人和防止信息丟失;他們還開發了一個好友系統,以便有人受到Facebook的制裁時及時提醒朋友和追隨者,同時分享處罰的具體情況和那些所謂「違背規定」的帖子內容。
To elude bans when talking about racism, Black users said they resort to using a white avatar, slang such as "wypipo" or "huite" or a cloud emoji as phonetic or visual stand-ins for white people. They operate under aliases and maintain backup accounts to avoid losing content and access to their community. They've developed a buddy system to alert friends and followers when someone has been sent to Facebook jail, sharing the news of the suspension and the posts that put them there.