South Korea shocked by abuse of 'marriage migrants'
「婚姻移民」虐待事件震驚韓國
來源：BBC 翻譯：世界播
A horrific video purportedly showing a South Korean man beating his Vietnamese wife in front of a child has ignited outrage over the abuse of foreign women in the country.
據報導，一段可怕的視頻顯示，一名韓國男子當著一名兒童的面毆打他的越南妻子，這段視頻引發了人們對該國虐待外國女性的憤怒。
The 36-year-old man was arrested on Saturday, and the woman involved has been moved to a women's shelter with her young son.
這名36歲的男子於上周六被捕，涉案女子已帶著年幼的兒子被轉移至婦女收容所。
Warning: this article contains descriptions of violence
警告：本文包含對暴力的描述
The video has shed light on the vulnerability of foreign women who marry South Koreans - sometimes finding themselves at the mercy of abusive spouses who rarely face the force of the law.
這段視頻揭示了嫁給韓國人的外國女性的脆弱性，有時她們會發現自己任由帶虐待傾向的配偶的擺布，而她們的這些配偶很少會受到法律的制裁。
Last year, a survey of 920 foreign wives in South Korea by the National Human Rights Commission found that 42% had suffered domestic violence, and 68% had experienced unwanted sexual advances.
去年，韓國國家人權委員會對920名外籍妻子進行的調查發現，42%的外籍妻子遭受過家庭暴力，68%的外籍妻子遭受過強迫性婚內強姦。
'You are not in Vietnam'
「你不是在越南」
The footage, posted on Facebook but since taken down, shows the man slapping and kicking the woman, and repeatedly punching her in the head and stomach while she cowers.
這段視頻此前被發布到臉書上，但目前已被撤下。視頻顯示，這名男子對該女子拳打腳踢，並在她畏縮在角落時反覆踢打她的頭部和腹部。
"Didn't I tell you that you are not in Vietnam?" he shouts.
他大吼：「我不是告訴過你你不在越南嗎？」
Local media said the victim had managed to film the assault by hiding her mobile phone in a nappy bag at her home.
當地媒體稱，受害者將手機藏在她家的尿布袋裡，成功拍下了這起毆打事件。
She suffered broken ribs in the attack. A two-year-old boy, apparently their son, is seen in the video crying by the woman's side.
她在此次家暴中肋骨折斷。視頻中，一名兩歲的男孩，即他們的兒子，在這名女子身邊哭泣。
At their husbands' mercy
聽憑丈夫擺布
Although a high number of foreign wives experience domestic abuse, few report it to the authorities. And advocacy groups say there are clear reasons why.
儘管有很多外籍妻子遭受家暴，但很少有人向當局報告。倡導團體表示，原因很明顯。
"In the worst-case scenario, South Korean husbands and their families deliberately refrain from helping their migrant wives obtain citizenship or visa status," Kang Hye-sook, a director of the Woman Migrants Human Rights Center in Daegu, told the BBC Korean Service.
位於大邱的女性移民人權中心的主任姜惠淑（音譯）告訴BBC韓語頻道：「在最壞的情況下，韓國丈夫和他們的家人故意不幫助他們的移民妻子獲得公民身份或籤證身份。」
So for a foreign wife to report abuse and upset her husband is tantamount to giving up her "Korea Dream". It makes her already-vulnerable status even weaker. If she happens to have kids, the move could also mean never seeing them again.
因此，如果一個外籍妻子舉報自己受到虐待，並惹惱她的丈夫，那就等於放棄了她的「韓國夢」。這會使得她本已脆弱的地位更加脆弱。如果她碰巧有了孩子，這一舉動也可能意味著她再也見不到自己的孩子了。
There is also a tendency in South Korea to treat domestic violence as a "family matter". Of reported domestic violence cases for the past five years, only 13% saw arrests, 8.5% resulted in an indictment, and just 0.9% drew an actual prison sentence.
韓國也有將家庭暴力視為「家庭問題」的趨勢。在過去五年報告的家庭暴力案件中，只有13%的人被逮捕，8.5%的人被起訴，而且只有0.9%的人被判入獄。
Last year, a series of women were murdered after suffering lengthy (and reported) abuse from their husbands, shocking South Korea. After one murder, the daughter of the victim posted an online petition, seeking capital punishment for the father who had stabbed her mother.
去年，韓國發生了一系列女性在遭受丈夫長期虐待(並在被舉報)後被謀殺的事件，這些事件震驚了韓國。在一起謀殺案發生之後，受害者的女兒在網上發布了一份請願書，要求對刺傷她母親的父親判處死刑。
She said her father had openly declared: "I can kill her and be a free man just after a six-month [jail] sentence."
她說，她的父親曾公開宣稱：「我殺了她之後只需坐六個月(牢)就可重獲自由。」
In November 2018, the gender equality ministry, justice ministry and police responded with a series of stricter measures against domestic violence, including tougher penalties for people who violate restraining orders. But many of the measures need to pass parliament's legislation process - and that is yet to happen.
2018年11月，韓國兩性平等委員會、司法部和警方採取了一系列更嚴厲的措施應對家庭暴力，包括對違反限制令的人實施更嚴厲的處罰。但許多措施需要通過國會的立法程序，而這尚未實現。
What's driving international marriages?
是什麼推動了跨國婚姻？
In South Korea, both men and women face social pressure to get married. But it's not always easy - especially in the countryside, where many women leave to find jobs in the cities.
在韓國，男性和女性都面臨著結婚的社會壓力。但這並不總是容易的，尤其是在農村，許多女性離開家鄉到城市找工作。
In the 1990s, that trend prompted a boom in men marrying foreign women, which has since spread to urban areas.
上世紀90年代，這一趨勢促使男性與外國女性結婚的熱潮迅速蔓延至城市地區。
Some local governments, keen to raise flagging population rates, even provide subsidies to Korean men who bring home a bride from overseas.
一些地方政府熱衷於提高不斷下降的人口增長率，甚至為從海外帶回新娘的韓國男子提供補貼。
Vietnamese women make up the biggest percentage of foreign wives in South Korea, at 28%, 2017 figures from Statistics Korea show.
韓國統計局2017年的數據顯示，越南女性在韓國外籍妻子中所佔比例最大，達到28%。
South Korea's rapid economic development has made it an enticing prospect. And in exchange for a higher standard of living, some women in their early- or mid-20s are prepared to marry near-strangers who are - on average - around 18 years their senior.
韓國經濟的快速發展使其前景誘人。為了獲得更高的生活水平，一些20歲出頭或25歲左右的女性願意嫁給比自己年長18歲左右的陌生人。
They may have friends who have moved to South Korea and report being happily married. And some are enticed by the vision of Seoul presented by Korean films and TV shows, which are popular across Vietnam.
她們可能已有朋友搬到韓國，並告知她們稱婚姻很幸福。而一些人則被韓國電影和電視節目展現的首爾景象所吸引，這些電影和電視節目在越南很受歡迎。
Such marriages used to be arranged through specialist international matchmakers, but the use of these agencies has fallen in recent years.
這類婚姻過去是通過專業的國際媒人安排的，但近年來，這些中介機構的使用率有所下降。
Matchmaking companies will often pander to South Korea's patriarchal traditions by saying Vietnamese women are raised with "Confucian values" (a philosophy also rooted in Korean culture) - meaning they are obedient to men and the elderly, and will serve their husbands and parents-in-law well.
婚介公司通常會迎合韓國的父權傳統，稱越南女性是在「儒家價值觀」(一種同樣根植於韓國文化的哲學)的燻制下長大的，這意味著她們只有服從男性和老人，才會很好地服務於丈夫和公婆。
But there have been several high-profile cases of domestic violence against them.
但也有幾起針對她們的家庭暴力案件備受關注。
In 2010, a 20-year-old Vietnamese bride named Thach Thi Hoang Ngoc was beaten and stabbed to death by her 47-year-old husband eight days after arriving in Korea. Her husband, it transpired, had a history of schizophrenia that had not been disclosed to his wife.
2010年，20歲的越南新娘Thach Thi Hoang Ngoc在抵達韓國8天後被她47歲的丈夫毆打並刺死。據透露，她的丈夫有精神分裂症病史，但他的妻子並未得知。
In a radio address to the nation, South Korea's then-President Lee Myung-bak offered his "deepest sympathy to her family". He said her last words to her father had been: "I will live happily."
當時的韓國總統李明博在向全國發表的廣播講話中，表達了「對她的家人最深切的同情」。他說她對父親說的最後一句話是：「我會幸福地生活。」
The mistreatment of migrant wives has also been a running topic in bilateral diplomacy.
虐待移民妻子也一直是雙邊外交的一個熱門話題。
In 2007, the then president of Vietnam formally asked the South Korean ambassador in Vietnam to help Korean men "treat Vietnamese wives well".
2007年，當時的越南總統正式要求韓國駐越南大使向韓國男人傳達要「善待越南妻子」的訴求。
And last year, a South Korean congressman was lambasted by women's rights activists after telling a Vietnamese counterpart that "South Korean men prefer Vietnamese woman".
去年，一名韓國國會議員在告訴越南國會議員「韓國男人更喜歡越南女人」後，遭到了女權活動人士的猛烈抨擊。
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