一山容不得二虎咕噠鎮
【No.23】
書名丨Who Was Genghis Khan？
作者丨Nico Medina
Goodreads丨4.03 / 5.00
Chapter 4
第四章
Power Struggle
權力爭鬥
翻譯：Catrina Chiang
Jamuka's people were animal herders, not lowly hunters like Temujin. They lived on open grassland where their sheep, goats and other livestock could graze. For the first time, Temujin's people enjoyed a steady diet of milk, cheese, and meat. They grew strong, and they were truly part of a tribe.
扎木合的族人都是牧民，而不是像鐵木真那樣的下等獵人。他們生活在開闊的大草原，他們的綿羊、山羊，和其他家畜可以就地吃草覓食。鐵木真的族人第一次享受到了有牛奶喝、有奶酪和肉吃的安穩日子。他們變得強大起來，真正成為部落的一份子。
Jamuka wanted to unite all the warring Mongol clans of the steppe into one, powerful tribe. Temujin wanted the same thing.
扎木合想要將草原上徵戰不休的蒙古部落聯合起來，組成一個強大的部落。鐵木真也有同樣的想法。
As Jamuka's anda, Temujin enjoyed a position of power within the clan. He was always at Jamuka's side, helping him and learning from him.
作為扎木合的「安答」，鐵木真在部落裡有權力、有地位。他總是站在扎木合身邊，輔佐他，並向他學習。
But after a year and a half, Jamuka began treating Temujin more like a little brother than an equal. One night, he told Temujin to camp alongside the river, where the sheep and goats could graze. Jamuka would camp on the steppe with the horses, cows, and camels. This was an insult.
但是一年半後，扎木合開始逐漸將鐵木真看作自己的小弟，而非平等的兄弟。一天晚上，他讓鐵木真到河邊紮營，好讓羊群在那裡吃草。而扎木合卻帶著牛馬和駱駝，在大草原上安營紮寨。這是一種侮辱。
Borte became angry. She told Temujin that Jamuka had grown tired of them. They should leave Jamuka's tribe. Whoever else wished to leave could join them.
孛兒帖生氣了。她告訴鐵木真，扎木合已經厭倦他們了；他們應該離開扎木合的部落。還有別的人，只要想離開，都可以加入他們。
That's just what Temujin did.
鐵木真的確這樣做了。
One night when Jamuka stopped to camp, Temujin's group kept moving. Some people deserted Jamuka to go with them. They marched all night.
一天晚上，扎木合停下來紮營時，鐵木真他們一群人卻繼續前進。一些人拋下了扎木合，跟著他們一起走了。他們行進了一整夜。
Jamuka did not pursue Temujin, but ever the next two decades, the two became bitter enemies.
扎木合沒有追趕鐵木真，但在接下來的二十年裡，二人成了勢不兩立的仇敵。
Over the years, Temujin gained more followers, and three more sons: Chaghatai, Ogodei, and Tolui. Unlike other tribal leader, Temujin rewarded positions of power to men based on their ability rather than their family ties.
光陰荏苒，鐵木真贏得了更多的追隨者，也多了三個兒子：察合臺、窩闊臺和拖雷。與其他部落的首領不同，鐵木真獎賞手下人擔任有實權的職位，依據的是他們的能力而非家族關係。
His servant Jelme and friend Boorchu became close advisers. His younger brother Khasar was in charge of security.
他的隨從者勒篾和朋友博爾朮，成為他最親近的幕僚。他的弟弟合撒兒則負責安全守衛。
One summer day in 1189, Temujin summoned his followers to a meeting at Blue Lake. Here, he was named the leader of the Mongols. But Jamuka still had many followers of his own.
1189年的一個夏日，鐵木真召集他的追隨者們到藍湖集合集會。在這裡，鐵木真被擁戴為蒙古人的首領。但是，扎木合仍然有很多自己的追隨者。
Temujin sent word to his powerful ally, Toghril. He promised that he was not going to challenge Togril's authority. He wished only to unite the Mongols under one leader, and that the Mongols would remain subservient to the Kereyid. Toghril was pleased that someone was challenging Jamuka's growing power.
鐵木真給強大的盟友王罕傳話。他承諾，不會挑戰王罕的權威。他只希望將蒙古各族團結在一個首領之下，而蒙古人將會繼續依附克烈部。王罕很高興能有人挑戰扎木合日益壯大的力量。
Jamuka became angry at this news. He attacked Temujin's camp. Temujin and his men escaped to the mountains. While they hid, Jamuka returned to Temujin's camp.
扎木合聽到消息，氣憤不已。他襲擊了鐵木真的營地。鐵木真和他的手下逃進了山裡。在他們東躲西藏的時候，扎木合返回到鐵木真的營地。
Mongols has always preferred to hunt and fight by shooting arrows from far away. They avoided hand-to-hand combat whenever possible. But Jamuka beheaded one of Temujin's followers and tied the head to the tail of a horse. Then, he boiled seventy of Temujin's followers alive.
一直以來，蒙古人們喜歡從遠處射箭，來捕獵和戰鬥。只要有可能，他們都會避免空手肉搏。但扎木合砍掉了鐵木真一個追隨者的頭顱，綁在馬尾巴上；然後，他又用開水活活燙死了七十名鐵木真的追隨者。
To the Mongols, the head was the most sacred part of the body, and the spilling of blood was a grave offense. Boiling a man killed his soul as well as his body. After these gruesome incidents, many deserted Jamuka in favor of Temujin.
對蒙古人來說，頭顱是身體最神聖的部分，而流血是一種嚴重的冒犯。燙死一個人，不僅殺死了他的身體，更消滅了他的靈魂。在這些令人毛骨悚然的事情發生之後，許多人拋棄了扎木合，選擇支持鐵木真。
Temujin and his men recovered from the attack. Five years later, in 1195, a great opportunity arose when Toghril asked Temujin to help raid the Tatars of the eastern steppe. There was much treasure to be had.
鐵木真和他的部下從襲擊中恢復過來。五年後的1195年，一個極好的機會出現了，王罕要求鐵木真協助突襲東部草原上的韃靼人。那裡有著許多寶藏。
The vast and wealthy Jurched Empire lay south of the Gobi Desert, in northern China. Fifty million people lived there, and they called their leader the Golden Khan. Toghril had been asked by the leader of the Jurched people to attack the Tatars.
遼闊而富裕的女真帝國（金朝），位於戈壁沙灘南部，中國北部。那兒生活著五千萬人，他們把自己的首領稱作金可汗。王罕是應女真族首領的請求，前去攻打韃靼人。
For years, the Tatars had protected the Jurched from other steppe tribes. In return, the Jurched provided the Tatars luxury goods like silk, iron weapons, and jewelry.
多年來，韃靼人保護女真人，免受其它草原部落的侵襲。作為回報，女真人向韃靼人提供奢侈物品，比如絲綢、鐵製武器，還有珠寶。
But now the Golden Khan worried that the Tatars had become too powerful. He feared the Tatars might one day attack his people, so he decided to attack them first.
但是現在，金可汗擔心韃靼族變得過於強大。他害怕韃靼族有一天會來襲擊他的子民，因此決定先下手為強。
Temujin was happy to help. The Tatars had poisoned his father—and on the steppe, it was never too late for revenge.
鐵木真很樂意幫忙。韃靼族曾毒害了他的父親——在大草原上，君子報仇，十年不晚。
The battle was decisive. The Tatars were beaten. Temujin returned home rich with loot. Satin clothing threaded with gold, a cradle embossed with silver, blankets made of silk. His people had never seen such luxury!
這場戰鬥速戰速決，韃靼族戰敗。鐵木真帶著豐富的戰利品凱旋而歸。縫著金線的綢緞服飾、印著銀色浮雕的搖籃、絲質的毯子。他的族人從來沒有見過如此奢華的東西！
From then on Temujin sought to expand his own territory. A tribe to his south had promised to help him fight the Tatars. But they had never shown up. Instead, while Temujin was away, they'd raided his camp.
自那以後，鐵木真開始謀劃擴張自己的地盤。他的南邊有一個部落，曾承諾協助他攻打韃靼；結果他們壓根兒就沒有出兵，反而趁鐵木真出兵在外時，突襲了他的營地。
In 1197, Temujin decided to attack and raid this tribe in revenge. The tribe's leaders were beheaded for betraying him. But rather than take everyone else as prisoners or slaves—as was common on the steppe—he welcomed them into his tribe. This was a new way for a leader to behave.
1197年，鐵木真決定攻打這個部落，以報前仇。該部落的首領們因背叛鐵木真被砍了頭。但是，鐵木真沒有將其他所有人當成俘虜或奴隸——這是草原上的普遍做法——而是歡迎他們加入自己的部落。這是一個首領創新的行事之道。
By unifying the two tribes, Temujin's tribe grew bigger than ever. Temujin moved his people onto the newly conquered land. With wide-open grazing lands, it was the perfect place to settle. It was also near a natural spring, so they called their new home Aurag, Mongolian for source.
統一兩個部落後，鐵木真的部落變得空前龐大。鐵木真帶著他的子民遷徙到新徵服的土地。那裡有寬廣遼闊的牧場，是絕佳的定居之處。這附近還有一眼天然的泉水，於是他們把新家園叫做「Aurag」，在蒙語中是『源頭』的意思。
Four years later, in 1201, Jamuka summoned his own followers to a meeting. There, he was named Gur-Khan, "khan of all khans." This was a direct challenge to Temujin.
四年後，1201年，扎木合召集追隨者們集會。在集會上，他被擁戴為古兒汗，意為「眾汗之汗」。這是對鐵木真的直接挑戰。
The men who were once as close as brothers faced off in battle. But Jamuka realized he was outnumbered and fled.
曾經情同手足的兩人，卻在戰場上兵戎相見。但是扎木合發現自己寡不敵眾，便逃之夭夭了。
During the fight, Temujin had been shot in the neck by an arrow. It may have been tipped with poison, because as the battle died down for the night, Temujin lost consciousness.
在戰鬥中，鐵木真被一支箭射中脖頸。箭頭上可能塗了毒藥；隨著夜幕降臨，戰事暫歇，鐵木真失去了意識。
His faithful friend and servant Jelme sucked blood from the wound for hours. When Temujin awoke and asked for a drink, Jelme snuck across the battlefield and brought back some yogurt. Temujin survived, and he never forgot Jelme's devotion.
他忠誠的朋友兼隨從者勒篾，連續幾個小時為他吮吸傷口的毒血。鐵木真醒了過來，想要口喝的；者勒篾偷偷穿過戰場，找回來一些酸奶。鐵木真活了下來，他永遠不會忘記者勒篾的忠誠。
The next day, Temujin chased down and captured all his enemies who had snuck away during the night. Once again, he had the leaders executed and accepted the rest of the tribe into his own.
次日，鐵木真奮力追趕，將趁夜逃走的敵人全部抓獲。他再一次處決了首領，接納了其餘的部眾。
Jamuka had escaped.
扎木合逃跑了。
The final showdown between the blood brothers would have to wait.
血盟兄弟之間的最後一戰，仍需等待。
TIPS
The Nomadic Tribes of the Steppe
大草原上的遊牧部落
Many people called the steppe home. Temujin's tribe, the Mongols, were not unified, but divided into separate clans. More powerful tribes surrounded them.
許多人以大草原為家。鐵木真的部落和蒙古各部，並未統一，而是分成了各個獨立的部落。他們的四周，環繞著更強大的部落。
To their northwest were the Merkid, who sometimes rode on reindeer. The tribes to their southwest and far west were the Kereyid and the Naiman. To the east were the Tatars.
他們的西北邊，是有時候會騎馴鹿的蔑兒乞部；西南邊和最西邊是克烈部和乃蠻族；東邊是韃靼族。
The tribes were nomadic, meaning they did not have permanent settlements. They moved with the seasons in search of grazing lands for their herds of sheep, goats, cows, and horses.
遊牧部落，意味著他們沒有定居地。他們隨著季節的更替而遷徙，尋找適合放養成群的牛羊和馬匹的牧場。
They were poor. Because there was very little trade with foreign countries, it was easier to just attack a neighbor and steal things. Year after year, century after century, the steppe tribes attacked and raided other clans and tribes.
他們生活清苦。因為與外國的商貿往來甚少，所以容易發生攻擊相鄰部落、搶奪物品的現象。若干世紀以來，草原上的部落就這麼年復一年地攻擊和劫掠其他部族和部落。
Who Was / Is 世界名人系列插畫本，內容淺顯易懂、風趣幽默，配有人物相關事物的小百科；適合隨身閱讀。
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