【導讀】華圖寧夏教師招聘考試網同步教師網發布:教師招聘筆試之英語語言學經典必做20題(1),詳細信息請閱讀下文!如有疑問請加【2019寧夏教師招聘考試交流群匯總】 ,更多資訊請關注寧夏教師微信公眾號(ningxiajsht),寧夏教師招聘考試培訓諮詢電話:0951-6028571/6027571 18295188220,微信號:ht18295188220
中學筆試英語語言學是教師招聘考試必考的內容,廣大考生在英語做題過程中,常常會為了如何論證某一現象出現的原因而煞費苦,只要把握住題型及解題策略,在遇到相關題時,一定能夠手到擒來,迎刃而解。
1. The relationship between "furniture" and "desk" is__________.
A. hyponymy B. antonymy C. synonymy D. homonymy
2. X: He likes dogs. Y: He likes animals.
The relationship of X and Y is that「__________」.
A. X is synonymous with Y B. X is inconsistent with Y
C. X entails Y D. X presupposes Y
3. Nouns, verbs and adjectives can be classified as __________.
A. lexical words B. grammatical words C. function words D. form words
4. Which of the following groups are complementary antonyms?
A. good—bad B. buy—sell
C. above—below D. alive—dead
5. From the prospective of traditional approach of syntax, noun has the categories of number, gender and__________.
A. aspect B. case C. tense D. voice
6. Which of the following is NOT a compound word?
A. Landlady. B. Greenhouse. C. Uplift. D. Unacceptable.
7. The study of how sounds are put together and used to convey meaning in communication is__________.
A. morphology B. general linguistics
C. phonology D. semantics
8. The study of language development over a period of time is generally called ________ linguistics.
A. applied B. synchronic C. comparative D. diachronic
9. __________ is the act performed by or resulting from saying something; it is the consequence of, or the change brought about by the utterance.
A. A locutionary act B. An illocutionary act
C. A perlocutionary act D. A performative act
10. Language is a system of arbitrary vocal symbols used for human __________.
A. contact B. communication C. relation D. community
答案解析
1.A【解析】考查語義學中的涵義關係。「hyponymy」指「上下義關係」,「antonymy」指「反義關係」,synonymy指「同義關係」,「homonymy」指「同音/形異義」。「家具」和「桌子」的關係屬於上下義關係。furniture是desk的上義詞(superordinate),desk是furniture的下義詞(hyponym)。故選A。
2.C。【解析】考查語句之間的涵義關係。A項表示「同義關係」,B項表示「矛盾關係」,C項表示「蘊涵關係」,D項表示「預設關係」。分析題幹可知,他喜歡狗,那麼他一定喜歡動物;他喜歡動物,但不一定喜歡狗。因此,由X能推出Y.但是由Y推不出X,X包含Y。故選C。
3. A【解析】A lexical item (or lexical unit, lexical entry) is a single word, a part of a word, or a chain of words (=catena) that forms the basic elements of a language's lexicon (≈vocabulary), including nouns, verbs, adjectives, and most adverbs。故選A。
4.D【解析】 考查語義學中的涵義關係。人們一般認為詞語之間有三種含義關係:相同關係、對立關係和內包關係。其中,反義關係有按個主要次類:等級反義關係(gradable antonym)、互補反義關係(complementary antonym)和反向反義關係(converse antonym)。good--bad互為等級反義關係,buy—sell和above—below互為反向反義關係,boy—girl互為互補反義關係。故選D。
5.B【解析】 考查句法學中的範疇。數(number)、性(gender)、格(case)是用來分析名詞的範疇,時(tense)、態(voice)、體(aspect):,是用來分析動詞的範疇。故選B。
6.D【解析】 考查形態學知識。複合詞通常是由兩個或兩個以上的單詞合寫在一起構成,派生詞是通過在詞根上加後綴或前綴來構成的新詞。A、B、C都是複合詞,D項是由詞根accept加上前綴un.和後綴一able構成的派生詞。故選D。
7.C【解析】 考查語言學中的基本概念。形態學(morphology)主要研究單詞的內部構造;普通語言學(general linguistics)是研究人類語言的普遍規則的;音系學(phonology)指從功能的角度出發對出現在某種特定語言中的語音及其組合、分布規律進行研究的語言學分支;語義學(semantics)指對語言產生意義的方法的系統研究.主要研究詞義和句義。故選C。
8.D【解析】 考查語言學概念。歷時語言學(diachronic linguistics)主要研究語言在一個時期內的演變發展。Synchronic linguistics 共時語言學,以特定時期的語言為研究對象。故選D。
9.C【解析】Illocutionary act: the act of expressing the speaker’s intention. It is the act preformed in saying something.(言外行為是通過發出這樣一個話語,說話者表達他說話意圖); Perlocutionary act: the act performed by or resulting from saying something. It is the consequence of, or the change brought about by the utterance.(言後行為是指話語帶來的後果); Locutionary act: the act of uttering words, phrases, clauses. It is the act of conveying literal meaning by means of syntax, lexicon and phonology.(言內行為就是發出詞的動作,它通過句法、詞彙和音位學的方式來傳達字面意義的行為)。故選C。
10.B【解析】 考查語言學概念。語言是人類用於交流的一種任意的言語符號的系統。故選B。
(編輯:luohongyan)