廣泛表達單倍體偏倚基因有利於精子的自然選擇
作者:
小柯機器人發布時間:2021/1/15 16:34:45
廣泛表達單倍體偏倚基因實現精子水平的自然選擇,這一成果由美國Ohana生物科學Robin C. Friedman研究小組經過不懈努力而取得。該研究於2021年1月14日發表於國際學術期刊《科學》雜誌。
研究人員發現在許多哺乳動物中,基因在這些細胞質橋之間並不完全共享。研究人員將這些基因稱為「基因信息標記」(GIM),並表明一個子集可以充當各自的遺傳元素,這些等位基因在小鼠、牛和人群中分布不均等位基因。研究人員確定進化壓力消除了精子和體細胞功能之間的衝突,因為GIMs豐富了睪丸特異性基因的表達、旁系同源物和同工型。因此,GIM和精子水平的自然選擇可能有助於解釋為什麼睪丸基因表達模式相對於其他所有組織而言是離群值。
研究人員表示,精子雖然是單倍體,但其在功能上必須等效這樣才能在子代之間平均分配等位基因。 因此,精子通過細胞質橋共享基因產物,其消除了單個單倍體精子之間的表型差異。
附:英文原文
Title: Widespread haploid-biased gene expression enables sperm-level natural selection
Author: Kunal Bhutani, Katherine Stansifer, Simina Ticau, Lazar Bojic, Alexandra-Chloé Villani, Joanna Slisz, Claudia M. Cremers, Christian Roy, Jerry Donovan, Brian Fiske, Robin C. Friedman
Issue&Volume: 2021/01/14
Abstract: Sperm are haploid, but must be functionally equivalent to distribute alleles equally among progeny. Accordingly, gene products are shared through spermatid cytoplasmic bridges which erase phenotypic differences between individual haploid sperm. Here, we show that a large class of mammalian genes are not completely shared across these bridges. We term these genes 「genoinformative markers」 (GIMs) and show that a subset can act as selfish genetic elements that spread alleles unevenly through murine, bovine, and human populations. We identify evolutionary pressure to avoid conflict between sperm and somatic function as GIMs are enriched for testis-specific gene expression, paralogs, and isoforms. Therefore, GIMs and sperm-level natural selection may help explain why testis gene expression patterns are an outlier relative to all other tissues.
DOI: 10.1126/science.abb1723
Source: https://science.sciencemag.org/content/early/2021/01/13/science.abb1723
Science:《科學》,創刊於1880年。隸屬於美國科學促進會,最新IF:41.037