* 用英語自身來理解和學習英語是最好的方式，《英讀廊》是《滿庭說英語》中的拓展閱讀系列，這一系列的文章力求幫助大家在英語閱讀能力上有所提升，並樹立英語思維；* 推薦的閱讀的方法是：先原文，適當看解析閱讀，還有疑惑再看雙語對照。* 解析中英語單詞的音標使用Dictcom和IPA雙音標標註，如果需要了解Dictcom音標，請參看我們的《dictionary.com所用的音標體系》一文。* 本篇文章難度係數9.7，由《小仙英語伴讀》人工智慧難度分析系統提供評分。
#英語思維#
Why are some foods (broccoli, Brussels Sprouts, etc) almost universally hated as children, but liked later in life?【譯】為什麼有些食物（比如西蘭花、球芽甘藍等）幾乎所有人小時候都不喜歡吃，但在長大後的生活中卻很受歡迎？【單詞】broccoli ['brok-uh-lee]['brkli] n. 西蘭花；花椰菜；甘藍花【專有名詞】Brussels Sprouts 球芽甘藍，又叫抱子甘藍、孢子甘藍等，是北美超市裡最常見的蔬菜之一。營養成分非常高，每88g孢子甘藍含有38卡路裡的熱量，0g脂肪，8g碳水化合物，3g蛋白質。孢子甘藍不僅富含VC， VA， VB-6，更有不飽和脂肪酸Omega 3。
【單詞】etc ['etk] abbr. 及其他；等等(=Et cetera)【單詞】universally [yoo-nuh-'vur-suh-lee][jun'vsli] adv. 普遍地【單詞】hated 原型：hate [heyt][het] v. 憎恨；厭惡；討厭 n. 憎恨；厭惡
I understand taste buds reset every 7 years or so, but why are some flavors despised off the bat universally?【譯】我知道味蕾每隔7年左右就會重置一次，但為什麼有些口味會被普遍鄙視呢？【單詞】taste [teyst][test] n. 味覺；味道；嘗試；品味；愛好 v. 品嘗；有 …… 味道的；體驗【單詞】buds 原型：bud [buhd][bd] n. 芽；花蕾
【短語】taste buds 味蕾【單詞】reset [ree-'set][ri'set] v. 重置，重新設定；重新放置；重新組合【單詞】flavors 原型：flavor ['fley-ver]['flev] n. 風味；特殊的滋味；風格；調味品【單詞】despised 原型：despise [dih-'spahyz][d'spaz] vt. 輕視【短語】despised off the bat 被輕視，被鄙視
There are several answers to this.【譯】對此有幾個答案。
Kids have a much more sensitive palette, specifically to bitter, so more bitter things like sprouts and such are more disliked.【譯】孩子們有一個更敏感的味覺，特別是苦味，所以像芽苗菜之類的更苦的東西更不受歡迎。【單詞】sensitive ['sen-si-tiv]['senstv] adj. 靈敏的；敏感的；感光的【單詞】palette ['pal-it]['plt] n. 調色板，範圍，模式【單詞】specifically [spi-'sif-ik-lee][sp'sfkli] adv. 特別地；明確地；具體地【單詞】bitter ['bit-er]['bt] adj. 苦的；痛苦的；辛酸的；激烈的【單詞】disliked 原型：dislike [dis-'lahyk][ds'lak] v. 不喜歡；厭惡
They're not all universally hated, they're just hated by people whose parents can't cook vegetables well, so they have bad experience with eating them.【譯】它們並不是所有人都討厭，它們只是被那些父母不能很好地烹調蔬菜的人所不喜歡，所以他們對吃蔬菜有著不好的體驗。【單詞】parents 原型：parent ['pair-uhnt, 'par-]['pernt] n. 父母；根源【單詞】cook [kook][kk] v. 烹調；燒煮；捏造；纂改(帳目)【單詞】vegetables 原型：vegetable ['vej-tuh-buhl, 'vej-i-tuh-]['vedtbl] n. 蔬菜；植物【單詞】eating 原型：eat [eet][it] v. 吃；吃飯；喝
Brussels sprouts in specific actually have gotten more tasty in the last few decades.【譯】在過去的幾十年裡，球芽甘藍實際上變得更加美味。【單詞】tasty ['tey-stee]['testi] adj. 好吃的；有品位的；有趣的【單詞】decades 原型：decade ['dek-eyd; British also duh-'keyd]['deked] n. 十年
The most common type found in stores is significantly better than what was found in stores 30 years ago.【譯】商店裡最常見的一種比30年前在商店裡發現的要好得多。【單詞】stores 原型：store [stawr, stohr][st] n. 商店；貯藏【單詞】significantly [sig-'nif-i-kuhnt][sɡ'nfkntli] adv. 意味深長地；意義深遠地；重要地；較大地
Taste buds "resetting" is a myth.【譯】味蕾「重置」是個傳說。【單詞】myth [mith][mθ] n. 神話；虛構的故事
Individual cells that sense taste are replaced every two weeks or so, but that's not what changes your preferences.【譯】感覺味覺的單個細胞大約每兩周更換一次，但這並不能改變你的偏好。【單詞】cells 原型：cell [sel][sel] n. 細胞【單詞】replaced 原型：replace [ri-'pleys][r'ples] vt. 取代；替換【單詞】preferences 原型：preference ['pref-er-uhns, 'pref-ruhns]['prefrns] n. 偏愛；優先；喜愛物
Your personal taste changes over time as you age in response to a lot of things, not least of which is just learning to like certain tastes due to exposure.【譯】隨著年齡的增長，你的個人品味會隨著時間的推移而改變，很多事情都是因為接觸而學會喜歡某些口味。【短語】due to 多數表示「由於；因為」。如：This accident was due to his careless driving．同時，due 與to 單配，還可以表示「付給某人」，如：Respect is due to older people.【短語】over time 隨著時間的過去，久而久之，超時；例句：Over time, the service learns what you like to read and will personalize its news suggestions for you. 隨著時間的推移，這項服務會了解到你喜歡閱讀哪類內容，並為你提供個性化的新聞建議。【單詞】exposure [ik-'spoh-zher][k'sp] n. 暴露；曝光時間
If you consume something often enough you can learn to enjoy it.【譯】如果你經常吃一些東西，你可以學會享受它。【單詞】consume [kuhn-'soom][kn'sjum] v. 消耗；吃喝；毀滅【單詞】enjoy [en-'joi][n'd] v. 享受；喜歡
However, a significant factor is your biology as you age.【譯】然而，一個重要的因素是隨著年齡的增長，你的生物學特性。【單詞】factor ['fak-ter]['fkt] n. 因素；因數；因子【單詞】biology [bahy-'ol-uh-jee][ba'ldi] n. 生物學
Children are born with a higher preference for sweetness and a distaste for bitterness.【譯】孩子們生來就對甜味有更高的偏好，和對苦的厭惡。【單詞】born [bawrn][bn] adj. 出生的；與生俱來的 動詞bear的過去分詞.【單詞】sweetness ['peyt-n]['switns] n. 甜，美味；芳香；甜美【單詞】distaste [dis-'teyst][ds'test] n. 不喜歡；厭惡【單詞】bitterness ['bit-er-nis]['btns] n. 苦味；悲痛；怨恨
This is probably an evolutionary advantage because sugary foods provide more calories, which children need to grow quickly.【譯】這可能是進化上的一個優勢，因為含糖食物提供了更多的熱量，兒童需要快速成長。【單詞】evolutionary [ev-uh-'loo-shuh-ner-ee][iv'lunri] adj. 進化的；發展的；演變的【單詞】advantage [ad-'van-tij, -'vahn-][d'vɑntd] n. 優勢；有利條件 【單詞】sugary ['shoog-uh-ree]['ɡri] adj. 含糖的；甜的【單詞】calories 原型：calorie ['kal-uh-ree]['klri] n. 卡；卡路裡(熱量單位) =calory.【單詞】grow [groh][ɡr] v. 增加；生長；變成；種植；逐漸開始
Children are also less able to tolerate ingesting toxic foods, and bitterness evolved primarily to detect dangerous, toxic alkaloids.【譯】兒童對有毒食物的耐受能力也較低，而苦味的產生主要是為了檢測危險的有毒生物鹼。【單詞】tolerate ['tol-uh-reyt]['tlret] vt. 容許；忍受；容忍【單詞】ingesting [in-'jest][n'dest] v. 咽下；攝取【單詞】toxic ['tok-sik]['tksk] adj. 有毒的【單詞】evolved 原型：evolve [ih-'volv][i'vlv] v. (使)逐步形成；(使)逐步演變；進化【單詞】primarily [prahy-'mair-uh-lee][pra'merli] adv. 主要地；起初地【單詞】detect [dih-'tekt][d'tekt] v. 發覺；察覺；探測【單詞】dangerous ['deyn-jer-uhs, 'deynj-ruhs]['dendrs] adj. 危險的；不安全的【單詞】alkaloids 原型：alkaloid ['al-kuh-loid]['lkld] n. 生物鹼；植物鹼基
Children just straight up prefer sweet foods and, conversely, because they have a predisposition to disliking bitter foods, they are unlikely to enjoy more bitter vegetables like broccoli and brussels sprouts.【譯】孩子們喜歡甜食，相反，因為他們有不喜歡苦味食物的傾向，他們不太可能喜歡像花椰菜和芽甘藍這樣的苦菜。【單詞】straight [streyt][stret] adj. 直的；坦率的；正直的；準的【單詞】prefer [pri-'fur][pr'f] vt. 寧可；較喜歡【單詞】conversely ['knvsli] adv. 相反地【單詞】predisposition [pree-dis-puh-'zish-uhn][pridsp'zn] n. 傾向【單詞】unlikely [uhn-'lahyk-lee][n'lakli] adj. 不太可能的
Living in the 21st century and in a developed country, humans now have immediate access to just about any food we could want, especially very sugary foods.【譯】生活在21世紀的發達國家，人類現在可以立即獲得我們想要的任何食物，尤其是含糖量很高的食物。【單詞】21st 名詞 adj. 第二十一【單詞】developed 原型：develop [dih-'vel-uhp][d'velp] v. 發展；發育；開發【單詞】immediate [ih-'mee-dee-it]['midit] adj. 直接的；最接近的；立即的；目前的
Evolution is slow, though, so children still prefer sweets even though as adults we understand that too much sugar is bad for your health.【譯】然而，進化是緩慢的，所以孩子們仍然喜歡甜食，儘管作為成年人，我們明白過多的糖對你的健康有害。【詞法】even though是「儘管」的意思，為連詞，引導讓步狀語從句用於引導讓步狀語從句。如：He went out even though it was raining. 儘管在下雨，他還是出去了【單詞】evolution [ev-uh-'loo-shuhn][iv'lun] n. 進化；發展；演變【單詞】adults 原型：adult [uh-'duhlt, 'ad-uhlt]['dlt] n. 成年人；成年動物【單詞】sugar ['shoog-er]['ɡ] n. 糖，食糖
Tens of thousands and even hundreds of thousands of years ago as our ancestors were evolving into humans, sugar was relatively scarce, found only small fruits.【譯】數萬年甚至幾十萬年前，當我們的祖先進化成人類時，糖相對稀少，只能發現小水果。【單詞】ancestors 原型：ancestor ['an-ses-ter]['nsest] n. 祖宗；祖先；原種【單詞】relatively ['rel-uh-tiv-lee]['reltvli] adv. 相對地；比較地【單詞】scarce [skairs][skes] adj. 缺乏的；不足的；稀少的；罕見的【單詞】fruits 原型：fruit [froot][frut] n. 果實；成果；水果
Finding them was hard and not available at all times, so it made sense for children to seek them out whenever possible.【譯】要找到它們是很困難的，而且不是任何時候都能找到的，所以只要有可能，孩子們就應該去尋找它們。【短語】make sense 表示「有意義；講得通；言之有理」。如：I try to make each song make sense for itself. 我試圖讓每首歌都體現出它自己的意義。【單詞】seek [seek][sik] vt. 尋求；追求；試圖 vi. 尋找【單詞】whenever [hwen-'ev-er][wen'ev] adv. 無論何時 conj. 每當；無論何時；隨時
Today, we have to teach our children not to eat sugary foods.【譯】今天，我們要教孩子們不要吃含糖食物。【單詞】teach [teech][tit] vt. 教；教導；教授；教訓 vi. 給予指導【單詞】eat [eet][it] v. 吃；吃飯；喝
There's evidence that providing a balanced diet that doesn't entirely eliminate sugary foods but encourages healthy eating habits teaches children to……not dislike sweets, but to learn to like bitter veggies a lot more.【譯】有證據表明，提供一個不完全消除含糖食物但鼓勵健康飲食習慣的均衡飲食教會孩子們…不要討厭甜食，而是要學會更喜歡苦的蔬菜。【單詞】balanced 原型：balance ['bal-uhns]['blns] vt. 權衡；使平衡；抵消；稱重量 vi. 均衡；建立平衡【單詞】diet ['dahy-it]['dat] n. 日常食物；規定飲食；節食【單詞】entirely [en-'tahyuhr-lee][n'tali] adv. 完全地；全部地【單詞】eliminate [ih-'lim-uh-neyt]['lmnet] v. 除去；剔除；忽略；淘汰【單詞】encourages 原型：encourage [en-'kur-ij][n'krd] vt. 鼓勵；促進；支持【單詞】healthy ['hel-thee]['helθi] adj. 健康的【單詞】habits 原型：habit ['hab-it]['hbt] n. 習慣；習性【單詞】veggies ['vej-ee]['veɡz] vegetables 蔬菜