* 用英語自身來理解和學習英語是最好的方式，《英讀廊》是《滿庭說英語》中的拓展閱讀系列，這一系列的文章力求幫助大家在英語閱讀能力上有所提升，並樹立英語思維；* 推薦的閱讀的方法是：先原文，適當看解析閱讀，還有疑惑再看雙語對照。* 解析中英語單詞的音標使用Dictcom和IPA雙音標標註，如果需要了解Dictcom音標，請參看我們的《dictionary.com所用的音標體系》一文。* 本篇文章難度係數8.7，由《小仙英語伴讀》人工智慧難度分析系統提供評分。
#腸道健康#
How does grass provide all the energy and nutritional needs of powerful animals like bison and horses?【譯】像野牛和馬這樣龐大的食草動物是如何從吃的草中獲取所需的所有能量與營養的？【單詞】grass [gras, grahs][ɡrɑs] n. 草【單詞】nutritional [noo-'trish-uhn, nyoo-][nju'trnl] adj. 營養的；滋養的【單詞】powerful ['pou-er-fuhl]['pafl] adj. 強有力的；強大的；有權的；強健的【單詞】animals 原型：animal ['an-uh-muhl]['nml] n. 動物【單詞】bison ['bahy-suhn, -zuhn]['basn] n. 野牛【單詞】horses 原型：horse [hawrs][hs] n. 馬
Many grazing animals don't really digest the grass itself.【譯】許多食草動物其實自身並不真正消化草。【單詞】grazing 原型：graze [greyz][ɡrez] v. 放牧；（牛、羊等）吃草【單詞】digest [dih-'jest, dahy-]['dɑdst] vt. 消化
Take a cow for instance.【譯】以奶牛為例。【單詞】cow [kou][ka] n. 母牛，奶牛【單詞】instance ['in-stuhns]['nstns] n. 例子；場合；情況
When a cow chews up the grass and swallows, it ends up in a stomach chamber called the rumen.【譯】當一頭牛把草咀嚼併吞咽時，它最終會進入一個叫做瘤胃的胃腔。【單詞】chews 原型：chew [choo][tu] v. 咀嚼；嚼碎【單詞】swallows 原型：swallow ['swol-oh]['swl] v. 吞下；咽下【單詞】stomach ['stuhm-uhk]['stmk] n. 胃；胃口；腹部
【單詞】chamber ['cheym-ber]['temb] n. 室；房間【單詞】rumen ['roo-min]['rumen] n. 瘤胃(反芻動物的第一胃)
This is basically a fermentation chamber.【譯】這基本上是一個發酵室。【單詞】basically ['bey-sik-lee]['beskli] adv. 基本上；主要地【單詞】fermentation [fur-men-'tey-shuhn][fmen'ten] n. 發酵
It's filled with microbes that digest the chewed up grass.【譯】裡面充滿了微生物，可以消化被啃壞的草。【單詞】filled 原型：fill [fil][fl] vt. 裝滿；瀰漫；填充【單詞】microbes 原型：microbe ['mahy-krohb]['makrb] n. 微生物；細菌
These bacteria produce all kinds of lipids (fats), proteins, and so on as byproducts of their own digestive system.【譯】這些細菌產生各種脂質（脂肪）、蛋白質等，作為自己消化系統的副產品。【單詞】bacteria 原型：bacterium [bak-'teer-ee-uhm][bk'trim] n. 細菌【單詞】lipids ['lpdz] 原型 lipid n. 脂質；類脂【單詞】fats 原型：fat [fat][ft] n. 脂肪【單詞】proteins 原型：protein ['proh-teen, -tee-in]['prtin] n. 蛋白質【單詞】byproducts 原型：byproduct ['bahy-prod-uhkt]['baprdkt] n. 副產品【單詞】digestive [dih-'jes-tiv, dahy-][da'destv] adj. 消化的；助消化的
The cow then regurgitates the cud from the rumen back into it's mouth where it chews up this mash of predigested material into a much finer particulate of broken down grass, bacteria and the bacteria's beneficial byproducts.【譯】然後牛把反芻的食物反流回嘴裡，在嘴裡把這些經過簡單消化了的物質嚼成更細的顆粒，這些顆粒由分解的草、細菌和產生細菌時的有益副產品組成。【單詞】regurgitates [ri-'gur-ji-teyt][r'ɡdtet] v. 反芻；（液體）回流【單詞】cud [kuhd][kd] n. 反芻的食物【單詞】mash [mash][m] n. 糊狀物【單詞】predigested [pree-di-'jest, -dahy-][prid'dest] vt. 預先消化；使易消化【單詞】particulate [per-'tik-yuh-lit, -leyt][pɑ'tkjlt] adj. 微粒的 n. 微粒狀物質【單詞】broken 原型：break [breyk][brek] v. 打碎；折斷【單詞】beneficial [ben-uh-'fish-uhl][ben'fl] adj. 有利的；有益的
It then swallows this cud again, this time it's much finer and more liquid.【譯】然後它又吞下了這個反芻物，這次它更細，更液態。【單詞】liquid ['lik-wid]['lkwd] adj. 液體的；液態的
It sinks to the bottom of the rumen and instead of remaining in the rumen, it's passed on to the cow's other stomach chambers.【譯】這次它會下沉到瘤胃底部，而不是留在瘤胃中，因而將被傳遞到奶牛的其他胃腔。【短語】instead of 代替（……的是）；而不是…；例句：Instead of pressing forward, they drew back. 他們不僅沒有前進，反而後退了。Oops! I put in sugar instead of salt. 啊！我錯把糖當鹽放了。【單詞】sinks 原型：sink [singk][sk] v. 下沉；沉沒；滲透【單詞】bottom ['bot-uhm]['btm] n. 底部；底端 【單詞】remaining 原型：remain [ri-'meyn][r'men] v. 剩餘；逗留；留下【單詞】passed 原型：pass [pas, pahs][pɑs] v. 通過；經過；度過；傳遞
This mass of bacteria, byproduct, and predigested grass is then properly digested by the cow.【譯】這些大量的細菌、副產品和預消化後的草隨後被奶牛適當地進一步消化掉。【單詞】mass [mas][ms] n. 大量；塊；眾多【單詞】properly ['prop-er]['prpli] adv. 適當地；正確地；完全地
Without the bacteria and the byproduct of the bacteria, grass wouldn't be nutritious for the cow at all.【譯】如果沒有細菌和細菌的副產品，草對奶牛來說根本就沒有營養。【單詞】nutritious [noo-'trish-uhs, nyoo-][nju'trs] adj. 有營養的；滋養的
But the cow feeds the bacteria and in turn, the bacteria feed the cow.【譯】但是奶牛養活了細菌，反過來，細菌也是奶牛生長必不可少的。【短語】in turn表示「依次；輪流地；相應地；轉而」。如：(1) That in turn damages their health. 這反過來將損害他們的健康。(2) The children went on the bus in turn．孩子們依次上了公共汽車。另外，in turn還可表示「回報」，如： took Sally out to lunch，and she took me out in turn．我請了薩莉出去吃午餐，作為回報，她也請了我一次。【單詞】feeds 原型：feed [feed][fid] vt. 餵養；飼養；靠 ... 為生；向 ... 提供
Most grazers have a system like that.【譯】大多數食草動物都有這樣的系統。【單詞】grazers 原型：grazer [greyzr]['grez] n. 吃草的動物
Bovines usually have multichambered stomachs while animals like horses have extra long intestines where this process takes place.【譯】牛通常有多腔的胃，而像馬這樣的動物有超長的腸，消化的過程是在這些地方進行的。【短語】take place 表示「發生；舉辦」。如：The next meeting will take place on Thursday.【單詞】Bovines 原型：bovine ['boh-vahyn, -vin]['bvan] n. 牛科動物【單詞】multichambered [mltt'embd] 多室的【單詞】extra ['ek-struh]['ekstr] adj. 額外的【單詞】intestines 原型：intestine [in-'tes-tin][n'testn] n. 腸
This same process happens, to a lesser extent, in your gut too.【譯】同樣的過程也發生在人的腸道裡，只不過從「量」上來說會少一些。【單詞】lesser ['les-er]['les] adj. 較少的；較小的；次要的【單詞】gut [guht][ɡt] n. 內臟；腸子
That's why fiber can make you gassy - you can't digest fiber (by definition) but some bacteria in your gut can.【譯】這就是為什麼膳食纖維會讓人充滿氣體（腸道脹氣），因為人不能消化纖維（顧名思義），但人腸道中的一些細菌卻可以消化掉纖維。【單詞】fiber ['fahy-ber]['fab] n. 纖維(物質)【單詞】gassy ['gas-ee]['ɡsi] adj. 氣體的；氣狀的；含氣的
【單詞】definition [def-uh-'nish-uhn][def'nn] n. 定義；闡釋
The same happens with lactose (Milk sugar).【譯】乳糖（奶糖）也是如此。【單詞】lactose ['lak-tohs]['lkts] n. 乳糖【單詞】sugar ['shoog-er]['ɡ] n. 糖，食糖
When you do not produce enough enzymes to break them down as a grown up, then bacteria in your stomach will digest it and produce lots of byproducts.【譯】當你長大後仍不能產生足夠的酶來分解它們時，你胃裡的細菌就會消化它，產生大量的副產品。【單詞】enzymes 原型：enzyme ['en-zahym]['enzam] n. 酶【單詞】grown 原型：grow [groh][ɡr] v. 增加；生長；變成