一.動名詞梳理總結
(一)何為動名詞?
動名詞是謂語動詞的一種,動詞詞尾加-ing,兼有動詞和名詞的特徵和用法。
He likes reading English newspaper.
該句中,謂語動詞為like;因為主語是he,所以謂動用單三形式likes. 句中謂語動詞有了,那麼read就只能是非謂語動詞形式,所以用reading而不是read/reads等。此處,reading就是非謂語動詞。
(二)接動名詞的五種情形
1.接動名詞的動詞有:
finish doing sth.完成做某事;
enjoy doing sth. 喜歡做某事;
practice doing sth. 練習做某事;
imagine doing 想像做某事;
avoid doing sth.避免做某事;
consider doing sth.考慮做某事;
suggest doing sth.建議做某事;
mind doing sth.介意做某事;
keep doing sth.持續做某事;
keep (sb) doing讓某人一直做
2.接動名詞的常考短語句型有:
feel like doing sth. 喜歡做某事;
be busy doing sth.忙於做某事;
be worth doing 值得做某事;
spend … (in) doing sth. 花費時間(金錢)做某事;
have difficult/trouble (in) doing sth 做某事有困難;
have fun (in) doing 做某事高興
can’t help doing 情不自禁做某事
be good at doing sth.;
thank you for doing sth.;
give up doing sth.;
stop sb. from doing sth.;
do well in doing sth.;
be afraid of doing sth.;
be interested in doing sth.;
be proud of;
instead of;
be fond of;
what/how about doing sth?做某事怎麼樣?
備註:
介詞後面如果跟動詞,都必須接動名詞。常見介詞有:on, in, of, about, at, with, without, for, from, up, by等。
3. To作介詞後跟動名詞的情況:
look forward to doing sth期望做某事;
prefer doing sth. to doing sth與…相比較更喜歡…;
pay attention to doing注意做某事;
be/get used to doing sth.習慣於做某事;
make a contribution to doing為…做貢獻
4. No+動名詞,表示禁令。
No smoking禁止吸菸
No parking禁止停車
5. 表示休閒活動的情形。
go+動名詞
go shopping,去購物;
go skating,去滑冰; go hiking去遠足(旅行)
do some/the+動名詞,指進行某種活動
do some cleaning 搞衛生;do some washing 洗衣服
二.動詞不定式梳理總結
(一)何為動詞不定式
動詞不定式是非謂語動詞的一種,常用作「to+動詞原形」。在句中可以作主語,賓語,表語,狀語等。
(二)後接動詞不定式的五種情形
1.接不定式的動詞:
agree to do同意去做; afford to do買得起;
decide to do決定去做某事; hope to do希望去做;
wish (sb)to do希望去做; fail to do做某事失敗去;
plan to do打算去做; pretend to do假裝去做;
refuse to do拒絕去做 would like to do想要去做;
want (sb)to do想要去做某事; learn to do 學做;
prefer to do sth. 喜歡/寧願做某事; sb. seem to do sth好像做某事;
would like (sb)to do sth. 想做……; used to do sth. 過去常做某事
2.接不定式的短語/句型:
(1)不定式作賓語補足語的句型 (v +sb+to do sth.)
allow sb. to do sth. 允許某人去做某事
ask sb. (not) to do sth. 叫某人做事某事(叫某人不要去做某事)
tell sb. (not) to do sth. 叫某人去(不要)做某事
follow sb. to do sth. 跟隨某人去做某事
get sb. to do sth. 讓某人去做某事
warn sb. (not) to do sth. 警告某人做某事(或不要做某事)
encourage sb to do鼓勵某人做某事
expect sb to do期待某人做某事
invite sb to do邀請某人做某事
teach sb to do教會某人做某事
advise sb to do建議某人做某事
備註:
不定式作賓語補足語,以上屬於帶to的不定式;此外,還接不帶to的不定式,
這些單詞是使役動詞和感官動詞等常考6個詞;接不接to都可以的,有help。
做此類題,可以用排除法快速解決。
需要注意的是,這些接不帶to作賓語補足語,如變被動語態,則必須加to.
We made him wait for us there.
——> He was made to wait for us there.
(2) 不定式作主語補足語的句型(be+情感類的形容詞+to do sth.)
be amazed to do sth. 對做某事感到驚訝
be afraid to do sth. 害怕做某事
be excited to do sth. 對做……感到興奮
be frightened to do sth. 害怕去做某事
be glad / happy to do sth. 高興去做某事
be / get ready to do sth.準備做某事
be sorry to do sth. 對做某事感到抱歉
be surprised to do sth. 對做某事感到驚奇
(3)不定式作定語(n./pron + to do)。
1、a chance to do sth 做某事的一個機會
2、the way to do sth 做某事的辦法
3、the best timeto do sth 做某事的最佳時間
4、somethingto eat 一些吃的東西
5、something to drink 一些喝的東西
6、a lot of work to do 許多要做的工作
(4) 不定式作主語(常藉助於形式主語it,不定式作真正主語)
It’s+形容詞(adj.)+for +sb +to do sth對某人來說,做某事是……的
分析:形容詞(adj.)描述做事情
It’s+形容詞(adj.)+of +sb +to do sth 某人做某事,(某人)真是……的
分析:形容詞(adj.)描述某人的品行
如:①It’s hard for me to learn English well.
(句子 hard 是修飾動詞不定式to learn english well,意為學好英語難,所以用的介詞是for sb.)
②It’s kind of you to help me.
(句中kind「善良的」修飾you, 意為你善良,所以介詞用of sb.)
(5)其它的常考句型情況:
It takes sb some time/money to do sth. 某人做某事花費…時間
It’s time for sb. to do sth. 是某人做某事的時候了
can’t wait to do sth. 迫不急待地去做某事
too…(for sb.) to …(對某人來說)太……以致不能……
not… enough to do
prefer to do sth rather than do sth 寧願……而不願…….
Would rather do than do
Sb.(主語) take turns to do sth. ……輪流做……
There is no time (for sb. ) to do sth. 對(某人來說)沒時間做某事了
There is no need (for sb.) to do sth. 對某人來說沒必要做某事
try/do one’s best to do sth. 盡力去做某事
三、後既能跟不定式也能跟動名詞的情況。
1. remember to do(記住去做) remember doing(記得做過) ;
2. forget to do(忘記去做) forget doing(忘記做過) ;
3. try to do(設法做) try doing(試著做) ;
4. go on to do(接著做另一事) go on doing(繼續做同一事) ;
5. stop to do(停下來去做) stop doing(停止做);
四、後接動詞原形的動詞
1. 助動詞或情態動詞(do, did, does, will, shall, would, should, can, may, mus)等,後接動詞原形。
2.某些固定句型接動詞原形。
2.1 Will(Would)you please(not)...?請(不要)做某事好嗎?
2.2 had better最好做某事
2.3 Why not...?為何不做某事
2.4 would rather (not)… 寧可(不)做某事
would rather...than...=would...rather than...
2.5在祈使語氣(或口語)中。
五.動名詞和動詞原形都可以接的情形
1. 兩看一聽(see,watch,hear)等動詞,後面既可跟原形又可跟動名詞形式。跟動詞原形時表示做過或經常做,跟動名詞時表示正在做。
We saw the girl reading books at that time yesterday.
We saw the girl cross the road last night.
2. 有些動詞具有不同的詞義時,用法不同。
2.1 sb(主語) need/want/require to do某人(做主語)需要做某事
2.2 sth(主語) need/want/require doing= sth need to be done某事(做主語)需要被做
如:The bike needs repairing.(主動形式被動含義)
The bike needs to be repaired.
2.3 need/ dare 也可以做情態動詞,後面直接跟動詞原形。
You needn’t (=don’t have to) come.
Why dare you do that?
六、分詞作後置定語的區別
1.過去分詞作後置定語,有被動之意。
a girl called / named Lily
a place called Henan
a book written by Lu Xun
2.現在分詞作後置定語,有主動之意。
There is a girl reading under the tree.