Background on Industry 4.0 its origin, concept and building blocks
工業4.0的起源，概念與架構
Industry 4.0 (I4.0) evolved from a German government initiative and associated working group. At the heart of industry 4.0 there are 4 principles :Interconnection via the Internet of Things(IoT)/Industrial internet of Things(IIoT), Information availability across the production process facilitating analysis and action, Automation and facilitation of decision making and provision of Cyber Physical Systems(CPS) to complete tasks best suited to machines rather than people(ideally autonomously).
工業4.0最初由德國政府倡導，工業聯盟合作推進，涵蓋4大關鍵技術要素：
· 物聯網（IoT）
· 工業物聯網(IIoT)；
· 生產環節與生產設施，生產分析，與實際運營之間的信息實時互通
· 從輔助人完成任務，轉變為輔助機器完成任務。具備自動與簡易化的決策鏈與數位化實體生產運營系統（CPS），以最適應機器的方式，完成生產任務，比人工更精準。這就是超自動化（Gartner 「2020年十大戰略技術趨勢」報告中也有提及）
From these principles a range of constantly evolving and changing technologies are available for organisations wishing to benefit from the Industry 4.0 revolution. They share some common characteristics and are typically grouped together as:-
· Data and analytics technologies (Big Data) – collection and interpretation of data from a range of sources with the desired aim of making consistent, correct, proactive decisions. Includes the concept of cognitive computing.
· Smart factory/production technologies including use where appropriate of robotics devices. The objective of these technologies is to drive seamless, environmentally responsible self-optimising processes and systems that realise best in class production performance.
· Cyber physical systems (CPS)– integrations of computation, networking and physical processes e.g. robotics systems, manufacturing control systems. These cyber-physical systems also build and maintain a 『Digital twin』 of the physical world.
· The internet of things (IoT-consumer)/Industrial internet of things (IIoT) i.e. the mobile, virtual and persistent connection of all devices to the internet and each other.
· Interoperability – development of standards, processes and systems to allow all participant stakeholders and organisations to share information effectively.
所有希望從工業4.0受益的企業或組織，都可以遵循並實現上述仍在不斷進化與更新的4大關鍵技術。根據4大關鍵技術特點，以下是業內人士分享的具體可落地技術，涵蓋：
· 大數據分析 – 收集並解釋各種來源的數據信息，確保目標一致的、準確的、瞻前的決策，包括認知計算的技術
· 智能工廠（生產系統）- 包括適當使用機器人技術。目的是實現無縫、環保、可自主優化系統與流程，能夠最大限度保證生產成果
· 數位化物理生產運營系統（CPS）- 整合了計算單元、網絡、以及物理生產流程（比如機器人系統，生產控制系統等）。這些CPS也是建立並維護「數字孿生（Digital Twin）」的基礎
· IoT（大眾消費市場）與工業物聯網IIoT， 比如移動網際網路，各種終端設備、生產機器之間虛擬但是穩固安全的互聯互通（通過網際網路）
· 互操作性 – 開發可以讓所有利益相關人、企業、組織都能參與並互操作的標準、協議、流程與系統。（小編按：其實就是為製造企業從私有工業物聯網，轉型產業物聯網平臺做準備，美國工業物聯網幾家發起公司就準備形成產業物聯網平臺）
The current pallet of Industry 4.0 technologies includes but is not limited to mobile devices, advanced human machine interfaces, 3D printing, drones, Smart sensors/PLM technology, traditional DCS systems, Digital Twin solutions, blockchain offerings, Big data analytics and advanced algorithms (e.g. failure prediction and preventative maintenance automated scheduling), Augmented reality/ wearables, improved ERP and CRM offerings. SD-WAN technologies for managing the complexity and rapid changing characteristics of IoT/IIoT networking requirements.
目前可用於工業4.0各項技術，包括但不限於行動裝置、先進人機互動界面、3D列印、機器人、智能傳感器、智能PLM技術、傳統DCS系統、數字孿生、區塊鏈、大數據分析、各種先進算法（如災難預警，預防維護自動排班系統）、可穿戴虛擬增強（AR）、更完善的ERP/CRM等技術。而SD-WAN或進化版技術，可管控IoT/IIoT複雜互聯互通與之間各要素快速切換時所需要的高性能網絡需求。（小編按：如A平臺設備需要B平臺數據支持，同時需要C平臺決策鏈，需要調遣多個平臺的數據分析、ERP/CRM、設備、流程管理、人機互動、行動裝置等多種要素，如此互聯互通的複雜性與實時性，對網絡通連的要求很高）
At the business level Industry 4.0 concepts will deliver business value by driving digitalisation and integration of value chains, driving production costs down, facilitating digitization of product and service offerings and finally developing digital business models that improve customer value. The bottom-line result will be connected customers, empowered employees, efficient production, improved products with improved operability and bottom-line profit.
工業4.0，通過數位化與價值鏈整合，可以以多種形式帶來商業價值：生產成本下降，系統設施數位化帶來的產品與服務個性化定製，最終形成數字經濟，提升用戶價值。最關鍵的是，這條價值鏈連接客戶、更大自主權的企業職員、高效生產、更完善的產品，並提升企業可操作性與淨利潤
This report explains how Industry 4.0 related capabilities can be applied to specific energy industry use cases.
這篇報告，主要闡述工業4.0相關能力如何應用在具體的能源場景。
Use case: Industry 4.0 realisation facilitated by InfoQuick Technologies – Traditional upstream oil and gas
實例：工業4.0應用在傳統石油能源行業
Business Drivers
Figure 1 Oil and gas business drivers
石油能源行業的業務驅動力
全球至少50%的在生產油田已經過了其生命周期的中點，而這類油田生產效率逐步降低，相關的升級遭遇較大挑戰，所需投入資本數額巨大。如何以可複製可重複原則再開發在產油田，更經濟高效地開發難度更高的新油田是石油行業普遍面臨的挑戰。因此降低成本，提高決策效率，快速進行，自動化，降低風險，是能源行業主要關注點。
成本降低依靠提高質量、交付範圍、以及避免重複工作；優化範圍與需求；提升油田自動化運營；提升快速實施能力；提高油田信息傳送，以確保更好的決策；支持項目最終退役；支持投資轉讓或兼併等商業行為；促進合作方與供應商之間的整合
Business model
Upstream Oil and gas industry activities are defined by the following high-level processes (Oil and gas life cycle):
• Exploration – acquire a production permit and prove the hydrocarbon bearing of the prospect.
• Appraisal – evaluate the economic suitability of the field.
• Development planning – develop an integrated plan that will deliver business value in comparison to other options.
• Execution - develop the field and design and build the capital infrastructure including wells.
• Production – produce the hydrocarbons efficiently over the life of the field. Where the value is delivered.
• Abandonment, decommissioning and restoration – close off the permit.
業務模式
以下概括性的流程（石油天然氣生命周期），定義了石油天然氣領域的各種商業活動
· 勘探 – 需要生產許可，並確保足夠多的原油（原氣）含量以支撐商業運作
· 評估 – 評估某油田（氣田）的經濟價值
· 制定計劃 – 制定一個相對最優的整體計劃，實現商業價值
· 執行 – 建設開採井以及其他固定設施，開採油田（氣田）
· 生產 – 在油田/氣田生命周期內，高效生產原油/原氣，這是價值之源
· 油田/氣田的棄置、環境恢復 – 關閉許可
Adoption of Industry 4.0 elements underpinned by InfoQuick Technologies.
工業4.0應用點
The following outline shows key industry 4.0 Digitalisation themes in upstream Oil and Gas and how InfoQuick Global Connect are positioned to help the oil industry deliver them.
下圖展現了工業4.0技術在石油天然氣鑽探領域的應用點
Upstream Industry 4.0 themes and InfoQuick support
As shown by the above slide Oil and Gas companies are actively investing in digitalisation and Industry 4.0 strategies to meet their business objectives. InfoQuick are well positioned to support these strategies. It is worth examining some of these key strategies in more depth:
· IIoT and the Mesa working group. This industry working party has produced a process industry guidebook 『Adopting Integrated Manufacturing Operations Management (iMOM) in oil and gas and petrochemicals framework』. The document provides complete guidance on industry best practice relating to digital transformation and Industry 4.0 practices specific to the Oil and Gas industry.
· Big Data analytics in combination with IIoT and sensors (PLMs). Increased data capture and analysis designed to detect performance issues and potential well or facilities issues before they impact production. InfoQuick’s offerings can provide Wide Area Networking support for these solutions in a nimble, secure, flexible and global way.
· Automation in production. The opportunity to automate thousands of wells spread across regions (a large company handles more than 50,000 wells). InfoQuick SD-Wan and cloud capabilities support these solutions through cheap provision of connectivity to a high level of quality in a manageable way.
· Supply chain integration and automation of related processes including improved data sharing through management of a 『Digital Twin』. InfoQuick SD-Wan and cloud capabilities support these solutions and allow for new entrants into the supply chain in a quick and cost effective across the globe.
· Improved exploration and reservoir monitoring. Advancements in seismic data acquisition (4D, micro-seismic) and computing power have already improved E&P companies』 understanding of reservoirs and ability to monitor constantly. InfoQuick SD-Wan and cloud capabilities support these solutions.
· 『Digital twin』. A virtual copy of the evolving plant or oil facility through design, construction and as built in operation. A variety of vendor tool sets available often cloud based to manage this requirement. Actively used, the 『Digital twin』 underpins 4D/5D/5D planning and automatic sequencing of construction activities. InfoQuick retain knowledge of the processes and systems used to manage the 『digital twin』.
· Convergence of traditional Scada /DCS systems with Industry 4.0 technologies. The traditional suppliers to the oil industry such as Honeywell are converging with commodity IIoT / IoT technologies. InfoQuick have arrangements with process control providers to assist clients.
以上展現了工業4.0技術如何助力該領域的企業在每個階段達到其商業目標，幫助企業達成以下關鍵性戰略價值。而凌銳藍信確保每個階段，多場景下的安全、高可用、敏捷靈活、高性能、可分布式部署的低成本網絡連接。
• 工業物聯網與Mesa 工作組。這個組織曾經編寫過一本行業指導書「在石油石化天然氣領域，採用整合型製造運營管理架構」。這本書完整地闡述了工業4.0與數位化在行業內的最好實踐
• 大數據與工業物聯網傳感器的配合。提高數據捕獲，且通過分析模式探測最終結果是否有問題，或在生產受影響之前，找到有潛在問題的油井。這些系統間的互操作與互動性，離不開安全且高性能的廣域網連接。而凌銳藍信利用第三代SD-WAN技術確保這些互動之間的網絡安全與性能
• 自動化生產。這項技術可以讓企業同時生產上千個油井裝置，以便快速部署（大公司經常可以處理超過5萬口井）而凌銳藍信可以幫助企業獲得生產過程需要的低成本，高可用的網絡連接
• 供應鏈與自動化進程的整合，包括數字孿生帶來的更高效的數據分享進程。凌銳藍信DT-WAN技術與相關雲連通與遷移能力，可以輕鬆支持這類場景，並讓新參與公司安全快速地融入進程
• 提升勘探與油儲監控。高性能計算能力已經讓行業內企業提前獲取地震數據（4D，微地震）並由此了解儲油量。iCONNECT 可以幫助企業輕鬆使用雲計算而降低計算成本
• 數字孿生。一種涵蓋工廠及設施全生命周期的虛擬數字拷貝，用來設計建造，模擬真實運營。很多供應商的相關工具都在雲平臺上，SaaS模式。數字孿生可以支持4D/5D/6D 計劃制定以及自動將建造行為排序。凌銳藍信有能力支持企業通過高性能網絡運用這種工具
• 將傳統Scada/DCS系統整合進工業4.0體系。傳統供應商如霍尼韋爾，正在進行IIoT/IoT相關整合規劃，凌銳藍信早已準備好，助力相關企業客戶。
免責聲明：市場有風險，選擇需謹慎！此文僅供參考，不作買賣依據。