新冠病毒在各種介質中能存活多久
How Long Novel Coronavirus Can Survive in Various Media
人們一直想了解，新冠病毒在空氣中，以及在各種物體表面能存活多久。
People always want to know how long the novel coronavirus can survive in the air or on the surface of various objects.
一個科研團隊做了一個實驗並發表了論文。
A scientific research team did an experiment and published a paper.
他們是這樣做的，採用一種噴霧裝置，把病毒散發到空氣中。
They did this by using a spray device to release the virus into the air.
氣霧劑中的新冠病毒就會散落到各種物體表面。
Novel coronavirus in the aerosol would be scattered on all kinds of surfaces.
然後他們在不同的時間點進行檢測，結果發現，在密閉的空間裡，空氣中的病毒通過氣溶膠可以存活三小時。
Then they tested at different time points and found that the virus in the aerosols in the air could survive for three hours in a confined space.
這就意味著，在相對封閉的房間裡，如果有感染了病毒的人在咳嗽，空氣中三小時內都有病毒存在。
This means that in a relatively closed room, if someone infected with the virus is coughing, the virus will be in the air for three hours.
在金屬比如銅的表面，病毒存活的時候可以長達四小時。
On the surface of metal such as copper, the virus can survive for up to four hours.
在塑料或不鏽鋼的表面就更恐怖了，病毒存活的時候可以長達兩三天。
On the surface of plastic or stainless steel, the virus can survive for two or three days, which is even more horrible.
這個實驗告訴我們，新冠病毒在不同的介質裡或物體表面，存活的時間是不同的。
This experiment tells us that the survival time of the novel coronavirus is different in different media or on different surfaces.
因此，在封閉的環境裡，病毒可以存活三小時，如果我們不戴口罩，就很容易被感染。
Therefore, in a closed environment, the virus can survive for three hours, and if we don't wear masks, we can easily be infected.
在比較空曠的公共場所，空氣比較流通，空氣中的病毒就很少。
In relatively open public places, the air is more ventilated, and there are few viruses in the air.
但是在物體表面，比如桌面、門把手，電梯按鈕或扶手，病毒可以存活兩三天。
But on the surfaces of objects, such as desktops, doorknobs, elevator buttons or handrails, the virus can survive for two or three days.
這也就解釋了，為什麼一月份在武漢，有三千多醫務人員感染了新冠病毒。
This explains why more than 3, 000 medical workers were infected with novel coronavirus in Wuhan in January.
疫情初期，人們不了解這種病毒的傳播規律，沒有採取恰當的防護措施。
At the beginning of the epidemic, people did not understand the law of the spread of the virus and did not take proper protective measures.
人們用手觸摸了門把手、桌面、紙張等物體表面，然後又觸摸臉、眼睛、鼻子、嘴唇，以至於被病毒感染。
People touched the door handle, desktop, paper or other surfaces, and then touched the face, eyes, nose or lips, so that they were infected by the virus.
這個研究還表明，空氣中氣溶膠裡的病毒存活時間較短，只有三小時。
The study also shows that the virus in the aerosols in the air has a shorter survival time, only three hours.
通過接觸物體表面，病毒的傳播更嚴重。
The spread of the virus is more serious by touching the surface of the object.
因此，在疫情期間，如果你的手接觸到了任何物體，一定要用肥皂或者洗手液洗手。
Therefore, if your hands come into contact with any object during the epidemic, be sure to wash your hands with soap or hand sanitizer.
洗手的時間持續十五秒鐘以上，才能洗去甚至殺滅病毒。
You should wash your hands for more than 15 seconds before the virus can be washed away or even killed.