每個人都需了解的歐美文化之美國黃石國家公園介紹（中英）

Yellowstone National Park 黃石國家公園

Yellowstone National Park is the first US national park, established in 1872, and one of the largest. It covers（佔地） about 9065 sqare meters(面積) in north-west Wyoming and parts of Montana and Idaho, comprising（由...組成） lakes, canyons(峽谷), rivers and moutain ranges. Yellowstone, widely held to be the first national park in the world, is known for its wildlife and its many geothermal features(地熱特徵), especially Old Faithful Geyser, one of the most popular features in the park.

黃石國家公園（Yellowstone National Park），成立於1872年，是美國第一座國家公園，也是美國面積最大的國家公園之一。黃石公園覆蓋懷俄明州西北部，以及愛達荷州和蒙大拿州的部分區域，面積達9065平方千米，其中有許多湖泊、峽谷、河流以及山脈。黃石公園被普遍認為是世界第一家國家公園，以其野生動物和多種地熱奇觀而聞名，而公園中的老忠實泉尤為著名。

Native Americans have lived in the Yellowstone region for at least 11,000 years. The region was bypassed during the Lewis and Clark Expedition(克拉克遠徵) in the early nineteenth century. Aside from(除...以外（包括在內）) visits by mountain men during the early-to-middle-19th century, organized exploration did not begin until the late 1860s. The US army was commissioned（被委任） to oversee（監管） the park just after its establishment. In 1917, administration of the park was transferred to the National Park Service, which had been created the previous year. Hundreds of structures have been built and are protected for their architectural and historical significance, and researchers have examined more than 1,000 archaeological sites(遺址).

印第安人在這塊聖地上生活了至少11000年，19世紀初期，美國探險家劉易斯與克拉克遠徵，繞著該地區走過。19世紀初中期，一些來去自由的狩獵者和探礦者來過此地。有組織的探險開始於19世紀60年代。黃石公園建立後，美國陸軍被委任監管此地。1917年，黃石公園的管理權被移交給前一年成立的國家公園管理局。該局建造了幾百個歷史悠久的建築，並將其保護下來，考古人員還對該地1000多個遺址進行了考察。

Hundreds of species of mammals（哺乳動物）, birds, fish and reptiles(爬蟲) have been documented, including several that are either endangered or threatened. The vast forests and grasslands also include unique species of plants. Forest fires（森林火災） occur in the park each year, in the large forest fires of 1988. Nearly one third（三分之一） of the park was burnt. Yellowstone has numerous（大量的） recreational opportunities, including hiking, camping（野營）, boating（泛舟）, fishing and sightseeing（觀光）. Paved roads(鋪好的道路) provide close access to the major geothermal areas as well as some of the lakes and waterfalls. During the winter, visitors often access the park by way of guided tour（導覽） that use either snow coaches（長途客車） or snowmobile（雪地摩託）.

據記載，黃石公園有幾百種野生動物，包括哺乳動物、鳥、魚和爬蟲，其中有幾種動物瀕臨滅絕和遭受威脅。在公園廣博的森林和草地中生長著一些獨特的珍稀植物。該公園每年都會發生天然火災，最大的一場火災發生在1988年，公園近三分之一的面積被燒毀。遊客種類繁多，包括徒步旅行、山林間露營、泛舟、釣魚以及觀光遊覽。許多鋪好的步道提供了更快到達一些主要地熱地區、湖泊和瀑布的機會。冬天，遊客們經常做冰原雪車或雪上摩託車遊覽公園。

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