論文標題：Sauna bathing is associated with reduced cardiovascular mortality and improves risk prediction in men and women: a prospective cohort study
期刊：BMC Medicine
作者：Tanjaniina Laukkanen, Setor K. Kunutsor, Hassan Khan, Peter Willeit, Francesco Zaccardi and Jari A. Laukkanen
發表時間：2018/11/29
數字識別碼：10.1186/s12916-018-1198-0
原文連結：https://bmcmedicine.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12916-018-1198-0?utm_source=other&utm_medium=other&utm_content=null&utm_campaign=BSCN_2_DD_Paper_Scinet
微信連結：https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/o1KDIDtqLRqTK9zWrwJigA
最近發表在BMC Medicine上的一項研究發現，50歲以上且常蒸桑拿的人，死於心血管疾病的風險更小。
來自東芬蘭大學和芬蘭于韋斯屈萊大學的研究者發現，那些每周蒸4-7次桑拿的人，心血管疾病死亡率為每1000人年中2.7人次，而每周只蒸1次桑拿的人心血管疾病死亡率為每1000人年中10.1人次。「人年」是指研究參與者參與年數的總和，用來衡量一個時間段內一個研究人群中新發病例的數量，如果新發病例較少就說明風險較小。
研究的通訊作者Jari Laukkanen教授說：「這個研究的一個重要發現就是，規律的桑拿浴與中年女性及男性更低的心血管疾病死亡率相關。之前相關的人群研究大部分都只以男性為研究對象。」
Laukkanen教授繼續說道：「桑拿浴可能會降低心血管疾病的死亡風險，原因可能有以下幾種。我們的研究團隊在之前的研究中發現多蒸桑拿的人血壓較低。另外，已知桑拿可以將心率提高到低強度至中等強度運動可以達到的心率。」
另外研究還發現心血管疾病死亡率隨著每周桑拿浴時間的增加而降低。每周桑拿浴時間超過45分鐘的人群，心血管疾病死亡率為每1000人年中5.1人次，而每周桑拿浴時間少於15分鐘的人群中這個死亡率為每1000人年中9.6人次。
參與研究的1688人都生活在芬蘭的庫奧皮奧市或周邊地區，研究人員通過自我匯報問卷收集了參與者的桑拿浴情況，從醫院和保健中心病房的檔案中、死亡證明以及醫學法律報告中收集了參與者的死亡情況。研究開始時，參與者的平均年齡為63歲，其中51.4%是女性。這一前瞻性研究的數據均為1998-2015年間收集，平均跟蹤時間為15年。
作者提醒說本研究中提供數據的病人均來自同一區域，因此想要知道研究發現是否適用於其他人群還需要進一步的研究。本研究為觀察性研究，無法得出因果性結論。
摘要：
Background
Previous evidence indicates that sauna bathing is related to a reduced risk of fatal cardiovascular disease (CVD) events in men. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between sauna habits and CVD mortality in men and women, and whether adding information on sauna habits to conventional cardiovascular risk factors is associated with improvement in prediction of CVD mortality risk.
Methods
Sauna bathing habits were assessed at baseline in a sample of 1688 participants (mean age 63; range 53–74 years), of whom 51.4% were women. Multivariable-adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) were calculated to investigate the relationships of frequency and duration of sauna use with CVD mortality.
Results
A total of 181 fatal CVD events occurred during a median follow-up of 15.0 years (interquartile range, 14.1–15.9). The risk of CVD mortality decreased linearly with increasing sauna sessions per week with no threshold effect. In age- and sex-adjusted analysis, compared with participants who had one sauna bathing session per week, HRs (95% CIs) for CVD mortality were 0.71 (0.52 to 0.98) and 0.30 (0.14 to 0.64) for participants with two to three and four to seven sauna sessions per week, respectively. After adjustment for established CVD risk factors, potential confounders including physical activity, socioeconomic status, and incident coronary heart disease, the corresponding HRs (95% CIs) were 0.75 (0.52 to 1.08) and 0.23 (0.08 to 0.65), respectively. The duration of sauna use (minutes per week) was inversely associated with CVD mortality in a continuous manner. Addition of information on sauna bathing frequency to a CVD mortality risk prediction model containing established risk factors was associated with a C-index change (0.0091; P = 0.010), difference in − 2 log likelihood (P = 0.019), and categorical net reclassification improvement (4.14%; P = 0.004).
Conclusions
Higher frequency and duration of sauna bathing are each strongly, inversely, and independently associated with fatal CVD events in middle-aged to elderly males and females. The frequency of sauna bathing improves the prediction of the long-term risk for CVD mortality.
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期刊介紹:
BMC Medicine (https://bmcmedicine.biomedcentral.com/, 9.088 - 2-year Impact Factor, 9.41 - 5-year Impact Factor) is the flagship medical journal of the BMC series. An open access, open peer-reviewed general medical journal, BMC Medicine publishes outstanding and influential research in all areas of clinical practice, translational medicine, medical and health advances, public health, global health, policy, and general topics of interest to the biomedical and sociomedical professional communities. We also publish stimulating debates and reviews as well as unique forum articles and concise tutorials.
來源：科學網
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