The Frederick Chopin Museum
蕭邦博物館坐落於奧斯特洛格斯基宮內。該宮修築於磚牆砌成的支撐架構上,是17世紀晚期奧斯特洛格斯基公爵下令建造的一座巴洛克式宮殿。博物館藏品包括蕭邦的音樂手稿、信件和其他私人物品,以及他生前使用的最後一架鋼琴。本文是對博物館歷史藏品的介紹。
譯者的話
這篇介紹裡有許多人名,筆者考慮認為,其中許多人平時可能不常見,但是在蕭邦社交和教學方面是佔有一定比重的,因此把能翻譯的、較為重要且位置合適的人名都譯成了中文。感興趣的朋友推薦去看《多面蕭邦——鋼琴詩人的四百封來信》《學生眼中的蕭邦》,在那些書信和其學生的描述下,相信大家會對蕭邦有一個更全面、驚喜的認識。The Museum collection, whose inventories contain at present 4813 items (including 81 loans), includes complete autographs, fragments, sketches (all told 129 inventory items) and copies (whole or fragments), made by members of the composer's family and circle of the following works by Chopin: These autographs and copies constitute extremely valuable source material for researchers and publishers of works by Chopin and are studied in the Museum by scientists and scholars from Poland and abroad.手稿清單
降D大調搖籃曲(op. 57)
降A大調第一即興曲(op. 29)
升F大調第二即興曲(op. 36)
升c小調幻想即興曲(op. 66)
f小調瑪祖卡(op. 7 no. 3)
G大調瑪祖卡(op. 50 no. 1)
a小調瑪祖卡(op. 67 no. 4)
f小調瑪祖卡(op. 68 no. 4)
c小調無編號夜曲、c小調夜曲(op. 48 no. 1)
升f小調夜曲(op. 48 no. 2)
幾首波蘭歌曲(op. 74 no. 6, 10 and 14)
d小調波羅乃茲、降B大調波羅乃茲
f小調波羅乃茲(op. 71 no. 1, 2 and 3)
降b小調奏鳴曲(op. 35)
b小調奏鳴曲(op. 58)
g小調奏鳴曲(op. 65)
g小調鋼琴三重奏(op. 8)
降E大調華麗大圓舞曲(op. 18)
*由波蘭國家銀行於1993年捐贈
f小調圓舞曲(op. 70 no. 2)
降B大調《唐璜》變奏曲(op. 2)
蕭邦的歌曲《請離開我》草稿
蕭邦的歌曲《戰士》草稿
蕭邦歌曲《一個古老的波蘭人》草稿
Furthermore, the Chopin Museum possesses sketches unused by the composer, such as figurations, counterpoint studies, fragments harmonised in chords, fragments of the song Dawny polak (sic !) chodzil w portkach and a Rumanian song from Walachia Dÿna Vallach, as well as a refrain from the Mazurka by Dabrowski, harmonised by Chopin in the B-flat Major key, and a humorous dedication "from one ignoramus to another", written possibly for Konstanty Mlokosiewicz, Lieutenant of the Hussars , and dated: "Carlsbad 2., Sept. 1835".此外,蕭邦博物館還擁有蕭邦沒有用過的草稿,比如一些裝飾音的練習,對位法的研究,還有寫有和弦的片段,波蘭歌曲《Dawny polak (sic !) chodzil w portkach》和一首羅馬尼亞歌曲的片段,還有一首Dabrowski的瑪祖卡的副歌,由蕭邦在其降B大調瑪祖卡主旋律裡運用,構成和聲,以及一個幽默的獻詞「由一個無知的人送給另一個」,這個很可能是寫給Konstanty Mlokosiewicz——波蘭輕騎兵的中尉的,並且日期標註為:「卡爾斯巴德(譯者註:德國地名),1835年9月2日」。Apart from manuscripts of the Polish composer, the Museum collection contains French first editions which in the past belonged to his sister Ludwika (three volumes, 45 opera), Napoleon Orda (one volume, 11 opera), Maria Wodzinska (one volume with op. 24) and Pierre Zimmermann (one volume - op. 65).除了這位波蘭作曲家的手稿外,博物館的藏品還包括原本屬於他姐姐路德維卡、拿破崙·奧爾達(Napoleon Orda)、瑪利亞·沃辛斯卡(Maria Wodzinska)和皮埃爾·齊默曼(Pierre Zimmermann)的第一版法國版本的樂譜,四人分別持有三冊(45首作品)、一冊(11首作品)、一冊(op. 24)、一冊(op. 65)。The first three volumes contain handwritten annotations and corrections made in ordinary pencil - according to family tradition - by Chopin, while in the three volumes belonging to Orda, Wodzinska and Zimmermann, Chopin wrote dedications in ink: 1) "Napoleonowi Ordzie / FF. Chopin", 2) "à Mlle Maria Wodzynska [!] / F Chopin", 3) "A son ami Zimmermann / F. Chopin/ Paris 17 febr. [18]48".前三冊包含了蕭邦用鉛筆——根據家庭傳統——手寫的註解和糾正,而在屬於奧爾達、沃辛斯卡和齊默曼的三冊裡,蕭邦用墨水寫下如此贈言:「1) "Napoleonowi Ordzie / FF. Chopin", 2) "à Mlle Maria Wodzynska [!] / F Chopin", 3) "A son ami Zimmermann / F. Chopin/ Paris 17 febr」An important place amongst the music manuscripts is held by the forty page-long autograph of the Piano Quartet in G minor by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart (KV 478) and autographs of works by nineteenth-century composers dedicated to Chopin as well as compositions by Benjamin Godard, Alfred Quidant, and Moritz Rosenthal dedicated to Ignacy Jan Paderewski.在音樂手稿中佔有非常重要一席的當屬於40頁長的W·A·莫扎特的g小調鋼琴四重奏(KV 478)手稿,以及19世紀的作曲家們獻給蕭邦的作品(手稿或印刷版),以及戈達爾(Benjamin Godard)、Alfred Quidant和羅森塔爾(Moritz Rosenthal)獻給伊格納奇·揚·帕德雷夫斯基(Ignacy Jan Paderewski)的作品。
Donizetti給蕭邦的信件的第一頁和第四頁
Frederike Streicher給Karol Mikuli的信
維也納,1864年11月28日
A large part of the Museum collection is made up of correspondence, which includes:
An important part of the collection is composed of iconography which includes portraits, views of localities where Chopin lived and which he visited as well as posters of the Chopin exhibition, festivals and competitions. The first group comprises: portraits of Frederick Chopin made between 1826-1994 in various media (oil, engravings, water colours, drawings, photographs, sculptures, medals); portraits the composer's family, friends and acquaintances; caricatures and photographs of the participants and members of International Frederick Chopin Piano Competitions.
還有一部分藏品與肖像研究有關,包括了蕭邦的肖像,蕭邦所住、所訪之地的風景,以及蕭邦展覽、音樂節和比賽的海報。其中肖像又包括蕭邦在1826-1994年間的各種形式的肖像(油畫、版畫、水彩畫、素描、相片、雕塑、紀念章),他家人、親友的肖像,肖賽的選手和評審團的漫畫和照片。
蕭邦兩張鉛筆肖像,伊麗莎·雷茲威爾,1829
Portraits of Chopin include two particularly noteworthy drawings by Eliza Radziwillowna from 1829, several portraits in oil and water colour by Chopin's friend Teofil Kwiatkowski, including the valuable canvas entitled Last Moments of Chopin, which depicts, apart from Chopin, his sister Ludwika, his pupil Marcelina Czartoryska, his friends Wojciech Grzymala and Father Aleksander Jelowicki, as well as the author of the painting.蕭邦的肖像畫裡,有兩張肖像畫尤其值得注意,那是1829年伊麗莎·雷茲威爾所作。還有幾幅蕭邦友人泰菲奧爾·克維亞特科夫斯基(Teofil Kwiatkowski)的油畫和水彩畫,包括有名的帆布油畫《弗裡德裡克·蕭邦臨終之時》(Last Moments of Chopin),這幅畫不僅描述了蕭邦,還有他的姐姐路德維卡、學生瑪賽琳娜·恰爾託雷斯卡、他的朋友沃伊傑赫·格奇馬拉(Wojciech Grzymala)和神父亞歷山大·耶沃維茨基(Aleksander Jelowicki),以及作者本人。Of special interest in the Museum collection is the study of Professor Jozef Zurawlew, creator of the International Chopin Competition, and his archive, which was offered to the Frederick Chopin Society by Anna Zurawlew, his wife, in 1984.值得注意的一點是Jozef Zurawlew教授,肖賽創辦者的研究,他整理的檔案由他的妻子在1984年貢獻給弗裡德裡克·蕭邦學會(負責相關研究、出版發行和比賽的舉辦等,譯者注)。The Museum collection would not be so extensive and precious were it not for the donations and loans from the National Museum in Warsaw (which offered for example Chopin's last piano), Artur Rubinstein with whose help the Museum collections were systematically enlarged over the years. 如果沒有各方(如華沙國家博物館提供了蕭邦最後一架鋼琴,還有阿圖爾·魯賓斯坦【Artur Rubinstein】等人和機構)的捐贈和外借,這座博物館的藏品不會如此豐富而珍貴。The Library, Recording, and Photographic collections are of enormous significance to scholars researching the life and works of Frederick Chopin and for people spreading knowledge about this Polish composer. The photographs were especially helpful in, for example, the issuing of such publications as Rekopisy utworow Chopina. Katalog (Manuscripts of Chopin's Works. Catalogue), prepared by Krystyna Kobylanska (Krakow 1977, TIFC and PWM), Katalog dziel Fryderyka Chopina (A Catalogue of the Works of Fryderyk Chopin) by Jozef Chominski and Teresa Dalila Turlo (Krakow 1990, TIFC and PWM), the Facsimile Edition of the Autographs of Polonaise F minor [Op. 71 no. 3], Mazurka F minor Op. 7 no. 3, Grande Valse brillante E flat Major Op. 18, Impromptu A flat Major Op. 29, Berceuse D flat Major Op. 57, Mazurka F minor [op. 68 no. 4], and Chopin's letter (to his family from Szafarnia, to Wojciech Grzymala from Hamilton in Scotland, to Ludwika Jedrzejewiczowa from Paris). 這裡的文庫、錄音和攝影藏品對研究蕭邦的生平和作品的學者和傳播這位波蘭作曲家知識的人們都有著極其重要的意義。那些照片尤其——比如說,對蕭邦作品原稿目錄的出版等,以及複製版的f小調波羅乃茲(Op. 71 no. 3)、f小調瑪祖卡(Op.7 no.3)、降E大調華麗大圓舞曲(Op. 18)、降D大調船歌(Op. 57)、f小調瑪祖卡(Op. 68 no.4)和蕭邦的信件(從薩伐尼亞寄給他的家人、從蘇格蘭漢密爾頓寄給沃伊傑赫·格奇馬拉、從巴黎寄給姐姐路德維卡)。This edition uses original autographs kept in the Chopin Museum of the Chopin Society in Warsaw, and has commentaries by Zofia Chechlinska, Teresa Czerwinska, Wojciech Nowik and Hanna Wroblewska-Straus. It is published by the Chopin Society in Warsaw and by Romega Press (1999-2000). 這個版本用了收於華沙蕭邦學會的蕭邦博物館裡的原稿,上面還有Zofia Chechlinska, Teresa Czerwinska, Wojciech Nowik和Hanna Wroblewska-Straus的註解。它由華沙的蕭邦學會和Romege出版社(1999-2000)出版。Another edition of this kind is Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart's Quartet in g-moll für Klavier, Violone, Viola and Violoncello KV 478, faksimile nach dem Autograph im Museum der Chopin-Gesellschaft Warschau mit einer Einführung von Faye Ferguson (Salzburg 1991, TiFC and Internationale Stiftung Mozarteum Salzburg).另一個此類版本就是沃爾夫岡·阿瑪多伊斯·莫扎特的鋼琴弦樂四重奏KV 478,它是根據華沙蕭邦學會的蕭邦博物館的原稿的複製版,由Faye Ferguson寫了導言(1991,薩爾茨堡,蕭邦學會和莫扎特基金會)。
蕭邦譯文合集
1.蕭邦趣事17則
2.從蕭邦國際鋼琴比賽中脫穎而出的四位大師
3.「演奏蕭邦時的自由節奏好比歌唱!」
4.「在蕭邦的音樂裡,你我無處遁形」
5.蕭邦的15個事實
6.蕭邦的音樂風格為何十年一變?
7.解密蕭邦作曲風格的重要技術法寶
8.蕭邦到底有多少學生?
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