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瑞士入籍考試遭炮轟 問題奇葩 流程「任性」
Should foreign residents have to know how to recycle waste oil before they can apply for citizenship? Are people who shop at local corner shops more deserving citizens than those who frequent supermarkets? And what kind of sport is "hornussing"?
外國居民在申請公民身份前必須知道如何回收廢油?在街角商店買東西的人比經常逛超市的人更應該成為公民?而「瑞士棒球」又是什麼運動呢?
These are just some of the questions Switzerland is puzzling over after a 25-year-old failed the notoriously tough Swiss citizenship requirements – even though she has lived in the country all her life, speaks fluently in the local dialect and had passed the written part of the exam with full marks.
這些只是困擾瑞士的一部分問題。一名25歲的女性一出生就在這個國家生活，可以流利的說當地語言，並且滿分通過筆試部分。但她仍然不滿足瑞士出了名苛刻的入籍條件。
Funda Yilmaz, who was born in Switzerland to Turkish parents and works as a draughtswoman in the town of Aarau, applied for citizenship after her Swiss fiancee had suggested that she should take a more active part in the referendums that make up the country's unusual mix of direct and representative democracy.
伊爾馬斯出生在瑞士，在阿勞鎮做繪圖師，父母是土耳其人。她申請了瑞士公民身份，因為她的瑞士未婚夫建議她在該國特殊的直接民主和代議制民主組合制度下更加積極地參與公民投票。
"I was born here. I don't know any other life," she told a panel of six examiners at the interview which follows the written test. "I don't have plans to emigrate either."
筆試之後，她在面試中對同一組的6位考官表示：「我出生在這裡。我不了解別處的生活，也沒有移民的計劃。」
Yet after two rounds of interviews and more than 100 questions, a jury of local councilors from the municipality of Buchs rejected Yilmaz's application by 20 votes to 12, reasoning that she "lives in a small world and shows no interest in entering a dialogue with Switzerland and its population" – a verdict many have questioned after weekly news magazine Schweizer Illustrierte published a transcript of the interview.
然而，經過兩輪面試，100多個問題，布克斯市政府的地方顧問評審團還是以20：12的投票結果拒絕了伊爾馬斯的申請，原因是她「生活在一個小圈子裡，對融入瑞士和瑞士人不感興趣。」在新聞周刊《瑞士畫報》刊登了面試結果後，這一決議受到廣泛質疑。
The jury criticized Yilmaz for displaying "gaps" in her knowledge of the municipal recycling system and for not being able to name any local shops other than chain supermarkets such as Aldi.
評審團批評伊爾馬思缺乏對市政回收系統的了解，並且除Aldi等連鎖超市，她說不出任何一家地方商鋪的名字。
Another complaint centred around her unfamiliarity with "typical Swiss sports", such as Hornussen, an indigenous cross between baseball and golf, or Schwingen, a style of folk wrestling. Yilmaz had named skiing as a typical Swiss sport. "One could have a very long debate about what is typical and traditional," she wrote in a letter complaining about her rejection.
另一個主要的不滿是她不熟悉「典型的瑞士運動」，比如結合了棒球和高爾夫的土著瑞士棒球，或是民間式摔跤運動瑞士摔跤。伊爾馬斯則認為滑雪是典型的瑞士運動。她在被拒投訴信中寫道：「人們可以就典型和傳統好好辯論一番。」
Other questions chosen by the jury included "Do you like hiking?", "Would you rather visit Geneva or the region around Lake Geneva?" and "What kind of fitness training do you do?"
評審團提問的其他問題還包括：「你喜歡遠足嗎?」，「你更喜歡去日內瓦，還是日內瓦湖周邊地區?」「你做哪些健身訓練?」
Since the case emerged, there have been several calls for a reform of the naturalization process, which is decided by municipal juries comprised of local residents rather than a centralized agency. "The arbitrary nature of the official process has rarely been so visibly on display," wrote theTagesanzeiger newspaper. In February, Switzerland voted to make it easier for third-generation immigrants to become citizens, rejecting the complaints of rightwing politicians that the proposed measures would pose a security risk. Until now, a fast-track route to citizenship has been open only to foreigners who had been married to Swiss citizens for more than six years, including those who have never lived in the country.
自從這件事情發生以來，人們已經數次要求改革入籍程序。入籍決定權在地方居民組成的評審團而不是中央機構手中 。《每日導報》稱：「官方入籍程序很少表現得如此武斷。」今年2月，瑞士投票通過放鬆對第三代移民的入籍要求，否定了右翼政客的反對聲音，這些人認為提案措施可能會帶來安全隱患。目前為止，快速入籍僅向與瑞士公民結婚超過6年的外國人開放，包括那些從未在瑞士生活的人。