定語從句(四)
——定語從句所需注意事項
一、定語從句中的主謂一致
1、one of the + 複數名詞這一結構後面的定語從句中的謂語動詞通常用複數形式,跟定語從句所靠近的那個複數名詞在數上保持一致。如:
That is one of the books that are required for study at school.
那是學校裡要求學生學習的書籍之一。
This is one of the most wonderful novels that have been published since 1990.
這是自1990年以來出版的最精彩的小說之一。
She is one of the few persons who know Spanish.
她是懂得西班牙語的少數幾個人中的一位。
This is one of the most famous plays that were written in the thirties.
這是30年代寫的最著名的劇本之一。
2、如果one of the + 複數名詞這一結構前面帶有定冠詞或the only之類的限定語,後面定語從句中的謂語動詞則要用單數形式,這是因為定語從句在意義上修飾的是the one或the only one,而不是那個複數名詞。如:
1.He is the one of the teachers who knows French in our school.
他是我校教師中惟一懂法語的人。(修飾the one)
試比較:
He is one of the teachers who know French in our school.
他是我校懂法語的教師之一。(修飾the teachers)
2.This is the only one of the rooms that is free now.
這是這些房間中惟一沒人住的一間。(修飾the only one)
試比較:
This is one of the rooms that are free now.
這是目前沒人住的房間之一。(修飾rooms)
二、在the same...as結構中,有時也可用the same...that,但兩者句意不同。as表示「相似性」,that表示「同一性」,試比較:
This is the same pen as I lost yesterday.
這支鋼筆和我昨天丟失的那支是一樣的。(兩者相似,但不是同一個)
This is the same pen that I lost yesterday.
這正是我昨天丟失的那支鋼筆。(即是同一個)
This is the same(kind of)bag as I lost yesterday.
這個包與我昨天丟的是同樣的。
This is the same bag(=the very bag)that I lost yesterday.
這正是我昨天丟的那個包。
三、分隔式定語從句的用法
定語從句一般緊跟在先行詞的後面,但有些時候也會被同位語、狀語、謂語、其它定語等成分分隔。此時能夠理清句子結構,慧眼識別先行詞就顯得特別重要。
① Chan's restaurant>,which used to be poorly run,is now a successful business.
位於貝克街成龍的餐館過去經營不善,現在生意興隆。(先行詞是restaurant,在定語從句中作主語,指物且引導非限制性定語從句,用關係代詞which。)
② Last week,only two people came to look at the house,neither of whom wanted to buy it.
上周,只有兩個人來看房,兩個人都不想買。(先行詞不是the house,而是two people,表示兩者,用neither+whom。)
③ The film brought the hours back to me when I was taken good care of in that far-away village.
這部電影使我想起了在那個遙遠的村莊裡我受到良好照顧時的時光。
(先行詞the hours和關係詞被介詞短語to me所分割。定語從句的先行詞是表示時間的名詞hours,並且關係詞在從句中用作狀語,故用表示時間的關係副詞when。)