珠穆朗瑪峰擁堵致多人喪生
A Nepalese official says that it is time to examine the rules on who is permitted to climb Mount Everest, the world's tallest mountain.
尼泊爾一位官員稱，是時候對登頂珠穆朗瑪峰資格的規則進行審查了。珠穆朗瑪峰是世界上最高的山脈。
Yagya Raj Sunuwar told The New York Times this week, "It's time to review all the old laws." The parliament member's comment comes after the deaths of at least 11 climbers this year.
本周，雅佳·拉傑·蘇努瓦告訴《紐約時報》，「是時候重新審查所有的舊法律了。」在今年至少11名登山者死亡後，這位國會議員發表了上述評論。
Climbing Everest has been a dream for many people ever since Edmund Hillary and his guide, Tenzing Norgay, reached the top of the mountain in 1953.
自從埃德蒙·希拉蕊和他的導遊田津·諾蓋伊於1953年登頂後，攀登穆朗瑪峰成為很多登山者的夢想。
Nepal is one of the world's poorest countries. The climbing industry brings in $300 million each year. Officials do not limit the number of permits the country issues to climbers.
尼泊爾是世界上最貧窮的國家之一。登山產業每年帶來的收入達3億美元。官員沒有限制向登山者發放許可證的數量。
This year, the government of Nepal issued Everest permits to 381 people, the highest number ever. Anyone can get a permit for an $11,000 fee.
今年，尼泊爾政府向381人發放了珠穆朗瑪峰的登山許可證。這是迄今為止數量最多的一次。獲得許可證需支付1.1萬美元。
A picture taken on May 22 shows a long line of climbers wearing colorful winter clothes as they make their way up the mountain. The climbers are standing on a snow-covered ridge with a 2,000-meter drop on either side. They are hanging on to a single line of rope.
於5月22日拍攝的一張照片顯示，一隊身穿五顏六色冬衣的登山者正在攀爬珠峰。登山者站在積雪覆蓋的山脊上，兩側是2000米的深淵。他們緊緊抓著一根繩索。
"There were more people on Everest than there should be," said Kul Bahadur Gurung, the general secretary of the Nepal Mountaineering Association. He added, "We lack the rules...that say how many people can actually go up and when."
尼泊爾登山協會秘書長庫爾·巴哈杜爾·古隆說「攀登珠穆朗瑪峰的人數超員了」。他補充道，「我們缺少制度……來限制實際登山的時間和人數。」
At one time, only experienced mountaineers tried to climb Everest. But the cost of such an effort has decreased. This has led more and more inexperienced climbers to try to reach the top of Everest. Nepal only requires that climbers have a note from a medical doctor saying they are physically fit. Climbers do not have to prove they have the strength or ability to perform at extreme heights.
此前只有經驗豐富的登山者才會嘗試攀登珠穆朗瑪峰。但是（登山）成本已經降低了。這導致越來越多經驗匱乏的登山者嘗試登頂珠穆朗瑪峰。尼泊爾只要求登山者出示醫生開具的健康證明。登峰者無需證明其具有在高海拔環境下生存的體力和能力。
The number of climbers who have died this season is the highest since 2015. Most of those who died are believed to have suffered from altitude sickness. The condition is caused by low amounts of oxygen in extremely high places. It can lead to severe headaches, stomach sickness, shortness of breath and mental confusion. Because of the altitude, climbers have just hours to reach the top before they are at risk of having their lungs fill with liquid.
這一季登山者死亡人數是2015年以來的最高值。據信，大多數遇難者都出現了高原反應。這種情況是由於極高地區含氧稀薄引發的。低氧環境下會引起嚴重頭痛、胃部不適、氣短和精神混亂。由於海拔高度原因，他們在肺部可能充滿液體之前，只有數小時的時間登頂珠峰。
The area between Camp Four (8,000 meters) and the top of Everest (8,850 meters) is known as the "death zone." When a climber dies in this zone, his or her body is left there. It would be too dangerous for another climber to spend their energy bringing the body down the mountain.
第四營（海拔8000米）和峰頂（海拔8850米）之間的區域被稱為「死亡地帶」。當登山者在這個區域死亡時，遺體會被留在那裡。如果其他登山者帶遺體下山會消耗能量，這樣做很危險。
Eric Murphy made his third climb on Everest this year. He told the Associated Press, "Every minute counts there." He said some tired climbers with no one to help them could take 17 hours -- instead of 12 -- to reach the top. For inexperienced climbers, that is "enough to have a profound effect."
今年是埃裡克·墨菲第三次登頂珠峰。他告訴美聯社，「在這裡，分秒定生死。」他說一些體力不支的登山者在沒有任何幫助的情況下可能需要17小時，而非12小時才能登頂。對於毫無經驗的登山者來說，這樣的影響是「致命的」。
Among those who have died at Everest this year is American Christopher Kulish. He was from the state of Colorado. Kulish died on his way down, shortly after reaching the top. Just before he died, Kulish made it into the so-called "Seven Summit Club" of mountaineers who have reached the highest peaks on every continent, his brother said.
今年，珠穆朗瑪峰遇難者中有一位美國人克里斯多福·庫利什（Christopher Kulish）。他來自科羅拉多州。庫利什登頂後不久在下山途中去世。他的哥哥稱，庫裡什去世前剛加入了「七高峰俱樂部」。該俱樂部會員都是攀登過各大洲最高峰的登山者。
Mohan Krishna Sapkota is secretary of Nepal's Ministry of Tourism and Civil Aviation. He blamed weather, equipment and lack of oxygen for this year's deaths.
莫漢·克裡希納·薩普科塔（Mohan Krishna Sapkota）是尼泊爾旅遊和民航部秘書。他將今年登山者遇難一事歸咎於天氣、設備和缺氧。
However, he added, "In the next season we will work to have double rope in the area below the summit so there is better management of the flow of climbers."
然而，他補充說，「下一季，我們將在峰頂下方區域設置雙繩索，以便更好地管理登山者人流。」
Mirza Ali is a Pakistani mountaineer and tour operator who reached Everest's peak for the first time this month. It was his fourth time trying. He said, "Everybody wants to stand on top of the world." But he said visitors who are unprepared for the extremes of Everest harm the mountaineering industry.
米孜·阿里（Mirza Ali）是一名巴基斯坦登山愛好者和旅遊經營者。本月，他首次登頂珠穆朗瑪峰。這是他第四次嘗試。他說，「人人都想立於世界之巔。」但他說，那些尚未準備好迎接珠峰極端環境的遊客會對登山產業造成損害。
Ali added, "The more people come, the more permits, more business. But on the other side of it is a lot of risk because it is costing lives."
阿里補充說：「登山者越多，許可證就越多，生意越紅火。反觀，風險也會增加，因為會造成生命損失。」
I'm Alice Bryant.
愛麗絲·布萊恩特為您播報。