中文網際網路上關於空管方面的內容，更多的是聚焦於北美，西歐，FAA，EUROCONTROL,NATS,DFS,EPN這些方面，看到一篇關于波蘭民航及空管介紹的文章，擷取小部分並作翻譯。
波蘭共和國，北臨波羅的海，西接德國，西南是捷克，東南烏克蘭，東邊白俄羅斯。東北接立陶宛和俄羅斯的加裡寧格勒，面積約31萬平方公裡，人口3800萬。
Aviation in Poland
The aviation sector has a long history in Poland. The first international air route was established in the 1920s, shortly before LOT Polish Airlineslaunchedits first operations. Since then, air traffic levels have grown significantly. In 2005, approximately 4.6m passengers travelled by air in Poland, served byfive licensed operators. By 2017, passenger numbers had grown 800% to 39.9m, with services offered by 28 international airlines.
波蘭的航空業歷史悠久。波蘭航空公司（LOT Polish Airlines）首次運營之前（LOT成立於1929年）不久，就建立了第一條國際航線。從那時起，空中交通流量開始大幅增加。2005年時，由五家航空公司提供旅客運輸服務，當時的旅客吞吐量約為460萬。到2017年，航空公司增加到28家，旅客吞吐量增長了800％，達到3990萬。
（註：波蘭全國旅客吞吐量大概為同期深圳機場或成都機場的水平）
The top 10 airlines in the Polish market (source: IATA)
The government recognizes that aviationone of the key parts of Poland’s transport infrastructureand that the sector relies greatly onthe performance of the airspaceto operate efficiently and continue to grow.
Demand forecasts predict that traffic levels in Polish airspace will continue to rise out to 2035, driven in a large part by the development of the new Solidarity Airport – a main feature of the Central Transport Hub (CTH) project. Irrespective of the new CTH development, airspace modernization is needed in Poland to accommodate the growth in demand at existing airports, while enhancingsafety, operational resilience, environmental performance and market competitiveness.
政府認識到，航空業是交通基礎設施的重要組成部分之一，航空業能否健康發展，很大程度上依賴於空域能否能到有效利用並且可以繼續推進空域優化工作。
根據相關預測，到2035年，波蘭空域內的飛行流量將繼續增加，主要原因是波蘭中央交通樞紐（CTH）項目和其中最主要的部分Solidarity Airport的投產和運行。不管CTH的進展如何，波蘭都需要推進空域進一步優化工作，以適應現有機場的需求增長，同時增強安全性，運營彈性，環保績效和市場競爭力。
Overview of Polish Airspace
In 2017 there were over340,000 commercial air transport flightstravelling to and from 15 airports.
Of these, 82% were international flights and 18% were Polish domestic flights (General Aviation and military flights make up the rest of the air traffic in Poland's airspace).
2017年，波蘭全國商業飛行340,000架次，主要運輸機場15個。
其中，國際航班佔82％，波蘭國內航班佔18％（其外，還有部分為通用航空和軍事飛行）。
Polish airspace and more specifically theWarsaw Flight Information Region (Warsaw FIR)is divided into two main categories: controlled and uncontrolled. The majority of commercial flights operate in controlled airspace under the monitoring and direction ofPolish Air Navigation Services Agency (PANSA), responsible for provision of air traffic control services. Operations are dominated by LOT Polish Airlines, Ryanair and Wizz Air that collectively hold 76% of the market.
波蘭空域，具體來說，就是華沙飛行情報區（Warsaw FIR）主要分為：管制空域和非管制空域。
波蘭空中航行服務局（PANSA）負責提供空中交通管制服務。波蘭航空公司，瑞安航空和威茲航空是波蘭的主要航空公司，大概佔有波蘭76％的市場。
註：PANSA是波蘭唯一的空中交通服務提供商，也是唯一培訓和僱傭管制員的機構，國有控股公司，承擔波蘭民航局的部分職責。因為波蘭特殊的地理位置，該公司的宣傳口號即：
We are a gateway to Europe and a gateway to the East.
Poland’ssevenlargest airports handle the majority of the commercial air transport.
The General Aviation sector that includes mostlyprivate pilots, light aircraft pilots, gliders and a wide range of other operatorsmainly use uncontrolled airspace.
Airspace modernizationis expected to improve access to airspace for General Aviation by enabling greater integration of different airspace user groups. The military is a significant user of both controlled and uncontrolled airspace to protect the country’s borders. In addition, Polish airspace is increasingly required to accommodate drones that will fly beyond visual line of sight, without airspace segregation.
波蘭的大部分商業運輸航班集中在七個主要機場。
通用航空，主要包括私人飛行，輕型飛機，滑翔機和各種各樣的空域用戶，主要在非管制空域內活動。
波蘭的空域現代化其實簡單說就是運輸航空和通用航空的融合，然後繼續推進軍民航的融合，以及考慮今後無人機的快速發展，如何把五人家納入到航空體系中的問題。
In addition to itsWarsaw ACC/APP/ TWRpremises, PANSA provides APP/ TWR services in numerous regional control centres:Katowice, Krakow, Poznan, Gdansk, Zielona Gora, Rzeszow, Bydgoszcz, Szczecin, Wroclaw, Lodz, Modlin, Lublin.
PANSA provides services to approximately2,900 aircraftsdaily and900,000annually.
PANSA除了華沙的ACC / APP / TWR外，還在眾多區域管制中心下設立了APP / TWR機構，其中包括：
卡託維茲，克拉科夫，波茲南，格但斯克，齊洛娜·戈拉，熱舒夫，比得哥什，什切青，弗羅茨瓦夫，羅茲，莫德林，魯布林。
PANSA每天為大約2,500架飛機提供服務，每年為900,000架飛機提供服務。
註：PANSA網址：https://www.pansa.pl
下面這段是PANSA在#WAC2019會議上公布的宣傳材料的一部分介紹文字
Every day the Polish Air Navigation Servi-ces Agency ensures safety of passengers in more than2,500 flightsover Poland. We have one of the biggest airspace in Europe: over 334,000 km2. Almost one million overflights, approaches, take-offs and landings in 2018 were supervised by more than600 air traf-fic controllers employed in the Polish Air Na-vigation Services Agency, as well as almost 240,000 General Aviation flights under watch of the Flight Information Service (FIS).
34萬平方公裡的空域，600名管制員，每天2500架次的航班。每年將近100萬架次商業航班以及24萬架次的通航飛行。
Only in 2018 air traffic growth in Poland amo-unted to 10%, while in the whole European ne-twork to 3,8%.
增長還是非常快速，超過了歐洲同行同期水平一大截。
Our air traffic controllers are supported by advanced technology. Over 200 devices located throughout Poland guaranteeing safety of air traffic within the Polish airspace:air-ground communication systems, RNAV systems, ILS – DME systemssupporting smooth and precise landing in low visibility, radars. We are responsible for advanced aviation infrastructure – we build and develop it.
空管設備先進，持續穩定的運維和升級。
Poland has15 major airports.This map includes the number of passengers and flights at each airport in 2017 and the location of the new Solidarity Airport that will be constructed as part of the CTH.
Along with passengers and freight, the airports also managed 106.7m kilograms of freight travelling to, from and within Poland. Air transport is crucial for the distribution of high value to weight products. Air freight may only account for less than 1% of the tonnage of Polish trade with the rest of the world, but in value terms it makes up around 25% of the total.
波蘭國內現有15個主要機場。 上圖包括2017年每個機場的乘客和航班架次，以及將作為CTH一部分建設的新機場的位置。
除了旅客和貨運，這些機場還管理著1.067億公斤（註：其實也就是10萬噸，2019年，貨郵吞吐量在同一水平的中國大陸機場包括福州、南寧、南昌、寧波）往來波蘭和從波蘭國內運輸的貨物。
航空運輸對於高價值產品的分配至關重要。 波蘭航空業的運輸量可能只佔波蘭與世界其他地區貿易量的不到1％，但就價值而言，它佔波蘭全國貿易總量的25％。
Policy and Drivers for Airspace Modernization
There are seven main drivers that the policy objectives for airspace modernization in Poland aim to address, in line with the broader transport and development strategies. These are:
波蘭的空域現代化政策目標，旨在根據更廣泛的運輸和發展戰略來解決七個主要問題，主要包括：
1. The need to deliver continuous improvements in aviation safety.
持續提升航空安全水平
2. The need to introduce additional capacity to accommodate growing demand from airspace users.
空域擴容以滿足用戶需求
3. The need to tackle hotspots of congestion within the current airspace network for better punctuality.
解決當前空域及航路航線網中的擁堵熱點問題，提高準點率。
4.The need to implement internationally agreed requirements set out as part of theSingle European Skyinitiative.
加入到SES（歐洲天空一體化計劃）後所需要承擔的一部分義務
5.The need to integrate unmanned operations into the existing airspace.
將無人機納入到現有空管體系中來
6.The need to continuously improve the resilience of the airspace network to bad weather and other forms of disruption, including mitigating the impact of disruptions in neighbouring European airspace.
不斷提高空管服務單位應對惡劣天氣和其他形式幹擾的恢復能力，包括減輕相鄰國空域幹擾的影響
7.Environment: The need to develop new policies and operational approaches to better manage the environmental impacts of aviation.
This strategy describes a range of airspace modernization initiatives that address these drivers, including:
環保措施：
Replacing the fixed route structure in the upper airspace with the Free Route Airspace (FRA) concept, allowing aircraft to follow Optimized flight paths with less number of restrictions.
使用自由航線空域(FRA)的替代了高空固定航路航線，使飛機在限制較少的情況下可以使用較為理想飛行路徑。
Improving the Flexible Use of Airspace to provide civil and military users with efficient access to the airspace in line with the demands of their operations.
空域靈活使用，為軍民航提供所需的更為便捷的進出通道
Redesigning the busy terminal airspace to accommodate Solidarity Airport and optimize the performance of existing airports.
優化終端區
Deploying new ATM systems and infrastructure that will improve the flow of traffic to better manage ground delays and pinch points across the airspace network.
部署新的空管自動化系統，推進基礎設施建設
Redesigning airport arrival and departure routes so flights can climb and descend continuously, and better manage the impacts of aircraft noise.
優化和調整進離場飛行程序
PANSAalso builds and develops tools for efficient management and planning of airspace:
PANSA還建立和開發了一系列用於空域高效管理和規劃的工具，其中包括：
CAT (Common Airspace Tool)– that ensures accurate and efficient management of the airspace,
CAT(通用空域工具)，確保對空域進行準確和有效地管理
PANDORA– that supports controllers and other operations personnel with the wide spectrum of a real time aviation data, raising their situational awareness,
PANDORA為管制員和其他工作人員提供廣泛的實時航空數據，提高他們的態勢感知能力
PANSA UTM– system for UAV flight coordination,
PANSA UTM——無人機飛行協調系統
TRAFFIC– Track Advisor for Flight Information Concerns, which provides the ATM system information from flight plans, as amended and complementary messages.
針對航班信息關注的真實信息提供系統，數據來源於ATM自動化系統，
https://airspacestrategies.shorthandstories.com/Poland/
https://wac2019pansa.pl/business/