首末端首末句
(一)出題人命題思路破解
文章本無意，源自出題人。也就是說，一篇文章包括前期的選取加工處理改造，最後設計出題，均源自出題人。文章千奇百怪，形式千變萬化，但是出題人的出題思路和考查目的卻是萬變不離其宗。因此，學習閱讀理解的過程其實就是破解出題人思路的過程。換位思考尤為重要。也就是說，假如我們自己是出題人，又會考查學生什麼樣的閱讀能力，然後通過什麼形式來考查學生?
筆者認為，閱讀理解最好的訓練方法是自己拿一篇文章自己出五個問題。通過出題就一定可以理解出題人的出題用意和出題思路。不難發現，我們會按照以下思路考查學生。
第一、文章中心思想是什麼;第二、文章作者態度是什麼;第三、某一個單詞、詞組或者句子本身是什麼意思;第四、作者說某句話的意思是什麼;第五、某一問題出現的原因是什麼;第六、作者列舉某一例子的目的是什麼或者為了說明什麼問題;第七、從某一段落或文章中能推斷出什麼來;第八、下面哪個選項是正確的或是不正確的;第九、作者的寫作手法是什麼;第十、文章節選於哪裡;第十一、文章下文會繼續提到什麼;第十二、作者暗示什麼;第十三、讀懂前後句關係。
(二)閱讀理解常考點
通過對歷年來考題的有效解析，我們總結出以下十個閱讀理解常考點：
首末端首末句
(1)文章首段首末句往往出「主旨大意題」。因為，英語文章的開始往往會採取開門見山的形式提出文章的中心思想。有些時候會在首段末句出現轉折詞but、however、yet，則轉折後所要表述的內容往往是文章的中心思想，因此通常成為出題人出題點。
【真題回放2010-Text1】
Of all the changes that have taken place in English-language newspapers during the past quarter-century, perhaps the most far-reaching has been the inexorable decline in the scope and seriousness of their arts coverage.
What would be the best title for the text?
[A] Newspapers of the Good Old Days
[B] The Lost Horizon in Newspapers
[C] Mournful Decline of Journalism
[D] Prominent Critics in Memory
(2)末端首末句，通常會對全文的說明和論證進行總結，由此也會成為考查點通常會用一些總括性的標誌詞如：all in all、in short、to conclude、in consequence、in summary、in a word、as a result、therefore、accordingly、thus等引導。
【真題回放2008-Text2】
① This is now changing. According to the OECD report, some 75% of scholarly journals are now online. ② Entirely new business models are emerging; three main ones were identified by the report's authors. ③ There is the so-called big deal, where institutional subscribers pay for access to a collection of online journal titles through site-licensing agreements. ④ There is open-access publishing, typically supported by asking the author (or his employer) to pay for the paper to be published. Finally, there are open-access archives, where organizations such as universities or international laboratories support institutional repositories. ⑤ Other models exist that are hybrids of these three, such as delayed open-access, where journals allow only subscribers to read a paper for the first six months, before making it freely available to everyone who wishes to see it. ⑥ All this could change the traditional form of the peer-review process, at least for the publication of papers.
30. Which of the following best summarizes the text?
[A] The Internet is posing a threat to publishers.
[B] A new mode of publication is emerging.
[C] Authors welcome the new channel for publication.
[D] Publication is rendered easier by online service.
(責任編輯：張嬋)
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