考點解讀
1、思維導圖
2、重難點（講解）
重難點一：在先行詞指物的情況下，確定定語從句的關係代詞使用that還是which。
I. 關係代詞只能用that，而不能用which的情況：
1. 當先行詞為不定代詞。如：
There is nothing (that) I can say about it.
2. 先行詞為形容詞最高級或被形容詞最高級修飾時。如：
This is the best basketball match that I have ever seen.
3. 先行詞被the only或the very修飾時。如：
The only thing that we can do is to ask our teachers』 help.
Is this the very museum that you visited the other day?
4. 先行詞為序數詞或被序數詞修飾時。如：
The first English film that I saw was 「Oliver Twist」.
When foreigners talk about China, the first that comes to mind is the Great Wall.
5. 被修飾的先行詞被any, all, much, no, little, few等修飾時。如：
I am interested in all that you have told me.
There isn’t much that I can do.
He is one of the few that can work it out in five minutes.
6. 先行詞既包含人又包含物時。例如：
They talked about the factories and workers that they had visited.
7. 先行詞是疑問代詞時。如：
Which is the book that he bought yesterday?
Who that you have ever seen can beat him in the game?
8. 先行詞在邏輯上充當定語從句的表語時。如：
This is no longer the place that it used to be.
He is not the man that he was.
II. 關係代詞只能用which，不用that 的情況：
1. 引導非限制性定語從句時，例如：
She heard a terrible noise, which brought her heart to her mouth.
2. 當關係代詞做介詞賓語時，例如：
He wrote a book in which he could learn about his life.
在上一例句中，引導詞「which」作了介詞「in」的賓語，所以不可以用「that」代替。
重難點二：在先行詞指人的情況下，除了使用關係代詞that外，確定定語從句的關係代詞使用who還是whom。
1. who適用於先行詞指人的場合，who在從句中充當主語，在口語體中who也可以充當從句的賓語。例如：
A doctor is a person who / that looks after people’s health.
2. whom也適用於先行詞指人的場合，whom在從句中只能充當賓語。例如：
Mr. White invited many friends to his party (who / whom / that) he respected much.
3. 介詞後關係代詞如指代人，只能用whom，且whom也不可省略：
Nancy is the right person on whom you can depend.
重難點三：關係代詞whose充當從句中的定語的用法以及與介詞+關係代詞的轉換。
表示人的所有：The girl whose father is a model worker is our monitor.
表示物的所有：I』d like a room whose window looks out over the sea.
the +名詞+of + whom (which)的結構= whose + 名詞，下面兩組中的三個句子意思相同，例如：
A: The river whose banksare covered with trees flows to the sea.
The river of which the banks are covered with trees flows to the sea.
The river the banks of which are covered with trees flows to the sea.
B: There are twenty students,whose backgrounds are different.
There are twenty students, the backgrounds of whom are different.
There are twenty students, of whom the backgrounds are different.
重難點四：關係代詞which, as引導非限制性定語從句，用於指代整個主句的用法及區別。
1. as的用法
非限制性定語從句的謂語動詞為know, see, suggest, turn out等時，由as引導從句，as指代整個主句，意為「正如」。例如：
He disliked the girl,as was expected.
A fast food restaurant is a place, as the name suggests, where eating is performed quickly.
As it turned out, Mary was the one appointed to the new position.
2. which的用法
當定語從句修飾整個主句時，可以使用關係代詞which。例如：
They have invited me to diner, which is very kind of them.
3. which, as的區別
which不能置於句首，翻譯成「這，這件事」；as 可以放在句首、句中及句末，翻譯成「正如…」。
重難點五：關係副詞中的一些特殊地點和時間名詞。
具體的地點名詞後可以接where從句，但其他如case, point, situation, condition, job等表示「情況，方面」的名詞也同樣加where從句，這種用法源於「in this case, at this point, in this situation, under the condition」等短語。具體的時間名詞後可接when從句，但如果先行詞為occasion，同樣也加when從句。例如：
There are many cases where this rule does not hold good.
He had to face the conditions where pressure was heavy.
I will show you the point where you fail.
This is a job where you can learn something.
He left his hometown in 2002 since when he has never come back.
People may come across the occasion when they want to say something but forget what they are going to say.
重難點六：非限制性定語從句與限制性定語從句區別
1. 限制性定語從句: 與先行詞關係密切，如果沒有定語從句，主句不完整，且與先行詞之間無逗號，如果後面的定語從句去掉，句子意思顯然不完整。例如：
He asked me a question which was about my study at school.
2. 非限制性定語從句: 對先行詞起補充說明作用，如果刪除，主句意義仍然完整，與先行詞之間有逗號。例如：Water, which is a clear liquid, has many uses.
I decided to write about Chaplin, one of whose films I had seen several years before.
3. 必須使用非限制性定語從句的情況：
1) 當先行詞為專有名詞或球類、疾病、學科等獨一無二的事物時。如：
He caught SARS, which threatened people a lot.
Basketball, which is now played in over 100 countries, is the most popular game in the world.
2) 當定語從句由「代詞/數詞/名詞/形容詞比較級、最高級等+of+which/whom」引導時。如：
China has hundreds of islands off its southeast coast, the largest of which is Taiwan.
3) 當定語從句修飾整個主句時。如：
They have invited me to visit their country, which is very kind of them.
They moved the fallen tree, which took them a long time.
典型例題
An ecosystem consists of the living and nonliving things in an area __________interact with one another.（2013年上海英語高考）
【答案】that
【解析】此處考查定語從句中的關係代詞。分析句子後看出主句成分完整，從句缺主語，判斷下來是考查定語從句。此題難點在於主句中的先行詞為the living and nonliving things，先行詞即指人又指物，所以關係代詞只能使用that。
Have you sent thank-you notes to the relatives from __________ you received gifts?（2012年上海英語高考）
【答案】whom
【解析】此處考查定語從句中的關係代詞。分析句子後看出主句成分完整，從句缺介詞from後的賓語，判斷下來是考查定語從句。 根據主句先行詞relatives以及receive sth. from sb. 的句型可以判斷出所在空填指人的關係代詞，但是介詞後只能使用whom作賓語。
You' ll find taxis waiting at the bus station __________ you can hire to reach your host family.（2011年上海英語高考）
【答案】which/that
【解析】此處考查定語從句中的關係代詞。分析句子後看出主句成分完整，從句缺動詞hire後的賓語，判斷下來是考查定語從句。此題難點在於要看出taxis後的waiting at the bus station是一個賓補成分，從而確定先行詞為taxis，這樣就不會受到bus station幹擾，從而確定答案為指物的which或that。
Wind power is an ancient source of energy to__________ we may return in the near future. （2010年上海英語高考）
【答案】which
【解析】此處考查定語從句中的關係代詞。分析句子後看出主句成分完整，從句中的動詞短語return to後缺賓語，判斷下來是考查定語從句，關係代詞指代前面的先行詞an ancient source of energy。此題要注意動詞短語中的介詞to放在了關係代詞前，所以只能使用指物的關係代詞which。
Mozart's birthplace and the house __________ he composed "The Magic Flute" are both museums now.（2009年上海英語高考）
【答案】where
【解析】此處考查定語從句中的關係副詞。分析句子後看出主句和從句的成分都完整，再根據先行詞the house可以判斷出是關係副詞引導的定語從句。先行詞是一個地點名詞，所以填入where。
學法點睛
1、專題特點與學習方法
定語從句在複合句中算是相對簡單的一個知識點，在初中階段就已經出現簡單一些的定語從句。此部分在高中主要拓展了關係代詞用法，引入了關係副詞以及介詞+關係代詞的用法。目前在上海高考中主要在語法填空及翻譯中考查，作文中定語從句的使用也是句式多樣化的要求。掌握此知識點首先要學會對定語概念的遷移，了解定語從句的作用。明白關係代詞與關係副詞的區別及關係代詞、關係副詞本身之間的區別，以及學會主從句的斷句方法。
2、解題技巧
⑴ 通過斷句分析主從句，此複合句是否為定語從句；
⑵ 如果確定是定語從句，就看從句中缺何種成分；
⑶ 缺主語、賓語，使用關係代詞；不缺主語、賓語則用關係副詞。再通過先行詞進行關係詞的選取。
過關檢測
鞏固測試：
1. Error correction in a language class should never be carried to the point__________ it discourages students from getting involved.（嘉定2013二模38題）
2. Reform is taking place in the country’s vast countryside, __________tens of millions of farmers have moved to cities for work. （黃浦2013二模35題）
3. After the flooding, people were suffering in that area, __________ urgently needed clean water, medicine and shelter to survive.（奉賢2013二模37題）
4. The hours__________ the children spend in their one-way relationship with television people undoubtedly affect their relationships with real-life people.（普陀2013二模35題）
5. Lucy has many positive personality features__________ make her popular at school.（寶山2013一模40題）
6. In Canada, cross country skiing is a popular sport among people__________ they can enjoy excitement and adventure.（虹口2013一模38題）
7. Being from a family__________ produced great actors, it’s no wonder that she quickly found her way into the spotlight.（黃浦2013一模35題）
8. It was from the wallets of these poor people that cigarette makers are determined to make money by promoting goods ________ are labeled by the WHO as dangerous to health. （崇明2012二模29題）
9. 「Ungelivable」 is so new an English word coined on the Internet ______ is forbidden to appear in official media or documents at present.（奉賢2012二模33題）
10. Gone are the days _____ surgery meant cutting a patient open. Modern medicine offers doctors less invasive tools to operate on disease-stricken bodies.（楊浦2012一模40題）
11. Researchers are now conducting hibernation experiments and can use chemicals to put living cells into sleep-like state ______ they don’t age. （青浦2012一模40題）
12. Raising children is said to be a job________ parents receive the least formal training for.（浦東2011二模40題）
13. After 6 years of twists and turns, the construction of the Shanghai Disneyland,_____was another major construction project after the Shanghai Expo, was officially started on April 8th. （松江2011二模36題）
14. The fallen leaves covered the streets, __________ added beauty to the ancient small town. （閔行2011一模31題）
15. In a sports team, each player has a clear role, and there are few occasions __________ members are confused or uncertain of their roles.（浦東2011一模31題）
提升測試：
1. Shortly after the earthquake occurred a mobile hospital was set up, __________ the victims received immediate treatment. （閔行2013二模38題）
2. In addition to this traditional medical treatment, he tried to put himself in situations __________ would bring about positive emotions.（浦東2013二模33題）
3. Grass skiing is a rising form of entertainment, popular with young people, __________ sliding on the grass would be adventurous and enjoyable.（閘北2013二模28題）
4. Our math teacher set such a hard test problem __________ none of us could work out the other day.（嘉定2013一模35題）
5. A lot of lovers chose to get married on Dec. 12, 2012, __________ the date, the month and the year match.（浦東2013一模35題）
6. The scientists have made an exhaustive study of the virus with__________ many people have been infected. （松江2013一模31題）
7. The old man took the policemen back to the same place __________ he had witnessed the robbery.（虹口2012二模39題）
8. Can you think of some cases __________ drivers obviously knew the traffic rules but didn't obey them?（閔行2012二模34題）
9. Of the slogans of the 「Occupy Wall Street」 movement, one __________ is frequently mentioned is: the 99 percent oppose the 1 percent.（寶山2012一模38題）
10. Sam promised to hand in the term paper before this June, __________ personally I doubted much.（閘北2012一模34題）
11. There are many kinds of public merriment associated with Pancake Day, one of __________ is the practice of pancake races.（奉賢2011二模36題）
12. Parties __________ alcohol is served can go downhill quickly if drinking is basically the only thing to do at the party.（徐匯2011二模35題）
13. According to a report from Shanghai, the city has about 800,00 pet dogs, of__________ more than half were unregistered.（閘北2011一模29題）
14. It is very different from the situation in the wild, __________ the vast majority of camels will die or be killed before they grow up.（長寧2011一模29題）
15. The Environment Agency took over the role of flood warning from the police __________ had to go door to door to get the news out.（黃浦2011一模40題）
附【參考答案】
鞏固測試
1. where2. where 3. who 4. that/which 5. that/which 6. where 7. that/which
8. that/which 9. as 10. when 11. where 12. that/which 13. which 14. which 15. when
提升測試
1. where2. that/which 3. where 4. as 5. when 6. which 7. where 8. where
9. that 10. which 11. which 12. where 13. which 14. where 15. who