NREM和REM睡眠可對視覺學習進行互補
作者：
小柯機器人發布時間：2020/7/22 14:54:43
美國布朗大學Yuka Sasaki團隊取得最新進展。他們發現非快速眼動（NREM）和快速眼動（REM）睡眠對視覺學習的互補作用。相關論文於2020年7月20日發表在《自然-神經科學》雜誌上。
他們對志願者的視覺任務進行了訓練，並在隨後的睡眠過程中測量了早期視覺區域的興奮性和抑制性（E / I）平衡，以此作為可塑性的指標。不管是否進行睡前學習，在NREM睡眠期間，E / I平衡都會增加，但與睡前相對於睡後學習獲益有關。相反，在REM睡眠期間，E / I平衡下降，但僅在睡前學習後下降，並且該下降與睡前學習的穩定有關。
這些發現表明，NREM睡眠促進可塑性，從而導致學習能力獲益獨立於學習，而REM睡眠降低可塑性，從而以學習特定的方式穩定學習過程。Tamaki等在經過視覺任務訓練的熟睡人中測量了磁共振波譜變化。在NREM睡眠期間，學習獲益與視覺皮層可塑性增強有關，而視覺皮層可塑性與學習無關。REM睡眠只有在睡前學習後才能穩定可塑性。
據了解，睡眠對學習有益。但是，目前尚不清楚是通過NREM睡眠還是通過REM睡眠促進學習，它是由可塑性增加還是穩定所導致，以及促進是否由特定於學習的過程所導致。
附：英文原文
Title: Complementary contributions of non-REM and REM sleep to visual learning
Author: Masako Tamaki, Zhiyan Wang, Tyler Barnes-Diana, DeeAnn Guo, Aaron V. Berard, Edward Walsh, Takeo Watanabe, Yuka Sasaki
Issue&Volume: 2020-07-20
Abstract: Sleep is beneficial for learning. However, it remains unclear whether learning is facilitated by non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep or by REM sleep, whether it results from plasticity increases or stabilization, and whether facilitation results from learning-specific processing. Here, we trained volunteers on a visual task and measured the excitatory and inhibitory (E/I) balance in early visual areas during subsequent sleep as an index of plasticity. The E/I balance increased during NREM sleep irrespective of whether pre-sleep learning occurred, but it was associated with post-sleep performance gains relative to pre-sleep performance. In contrast, the E/I balance decreased during REM sleep but only after pre-sleep training, and the decrease was associated with stabilization of pre-sleep learning. These findings indicate that NREM sleep promotes plasticity, leading to performance gains independent of learning, while REM sleep decreases plasticity to stabilize learning in a learning-specific manner. Tamaki et al. measured MRS changes in sleeping humans trained on a visual task. During NREM sleep, learning gains were associated with enhanced visual cortical plasticity that was also seen independent of learning. REM sleep stabilized plasticity only after pre-sleep learning.
DOI: 10.1038/s41593-020-0666-y
Source: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41593-020-0666-y