本期導讀
本文節選自《經濟學人》20200905期,也就是最新一期。從題目和導語不難看出,本文主要內容是講中國的教育改革,學校想給學生減負,讓學校生活多些樂趣,但有些家長卻不太樂意……下面一起來看一下吧!
Education reform
Testy times
Schools are trying to make pupils』 lives easier. Some parents object
testy 意思是「易怒的,暴躁的」pupil 意思是「學生」,尤指小學生。object 是個多義詞,作動詞時意思是「反對,不贊成」。這部分告訴讀者本文主題:學校正努力為學生減負,但是有一些家長反對。
The largest museum commemorating the gruelling examination system China used in imperial days to select civil servantsopened in 2017 in Nanjing. It would not seem an obvious destination for a fun family outing in the eastern city. As visitors walk into it down a grey ramp—130 metres long to symbolise the test’s 1,300-year history—a sign tells them they will 「experience the hardships of the journey to success」 for those who sat the keju before its abolition in 1905. Bamboo slips affixed to towering walls represent the 「myriad」books that candidates had to read.
commemorate 意思是「紀念」gruelling 意思是「折磨人的,使人筋疲力盡的」imperial 本意是「帝國的,皇帝的」,在這裡imperial days 可以理解為指中國封建王朝時代。civil servant 本意是「人民的公僕」,現在指公務員,在古代就是指「朝廷的官」。destination 意思是「目的地,終點」outing 意思是「(集體)出遊,遠足」,a family outing 指全家遠足ramp 意思是「坡道,斜坡」symbolise 意思是「象徵」;-ise/-ize 是動詞詞綴,表示「使……化」,比如realize(real+ize),直譯是使成為真的,也就是「實現」。sit(過去式是sat) 在這裡指「參加考試」,比如 sit an exam 參加一場考試。abolition 意思是「廢除,廢止」,其動詞是「abolish」bamboo 意思是「竹子」,就是熊貓寶寶吃的那個東西。slip 用作名詞,意思是「紙條,紙片」;bamboo slips 就是指「竹簡」,我們都知道中國古代很長一段時間人們是在竹簡上寫字的。affix 意思是「貼上,附上」,跟介詞to搭配,affix sth to sth。towering 意思是「高大的,高聳的」;tower 是名詞「塔」的意思。myriad 意思是「無數的,大量的」需要特別注意的是,第一句話較長,閱讀此類句子時需要我們抓住句子主幹,比如第一句話的主幹就是黃色部分;劃線部分則是system的定語部分。
Yet on a recent weekday afternoon,there were as many youngsters filling the museum’s cavernous halls as there were attentive adults. A mother from the city of Xi』an, hundreds of kilometres inland, had brought her four-year-old son in order to inspire him. 「He likes the dioramas,」 she said brightly, 「even though he doesn’t know what an exam is yet.」 A coal mine engineer from Ordos, a city in distant Inner Mongolia, was there with his nine-year-old son whose 「fate」 he hoped to alter through their visit. 「Xiangshi, huishi, dianshi,」 his son piped up, naming three levels of the ancient test that inspired the creation of civil-service exams in the West.
weekday 意思是「周工作日」,指周一到周五中的任何一天。youngster 意思是「年輕人,少年」cavernous 意思是「大而空的;又黑又深的,洞穴般的」,其名詞是cavern(大洞穴)attentive 意思是「專心的」inspire 意思是「激勵,鼓舞」diorama 意思是透景畫(博物館廣泛使用)brightly 意思是「輕快地,歡快地」mine 這裡用作名詞,意思是「礦井,礦」,coal mine 就是指煤礦。Mongolia 指「蒙古」alter 意思是「改變」pipe 名詞指管子,在這裡是動詞詞組pipe up,意思是「開始說,說起來」civil-service exams 指公務員考試第一句中的「as……as」是同級比較的用法。
如有不足,還望指正
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