今天給大家繼續總結初中重點短語用法。認真看完,你一定有所收穫。
1
affair/matter/business
Ⅰ. affair 「事、事情、事務」它的最廣,可指已經發生或必須做的任何事情, 也可泛指事務(通常用算數,指重大或頭緒較多的事務)。如:
① The railway accident was a terrible affair.那次火車事故是件可怕的事。
② That’s my affair, not yours. 那是我的事, 不是你的。
③ We should concern ourselves with state affairs. 我們要關心國家大事。
Ⅱ. matter「事、事情」 是普通用語,常指我們所寫到或談到的事情,要考慮和處理的事情。如:
① This is a matter I know little about. 這件事我不大知道。
② I』ll ask some one about the matter.關於這件事我將去問問人。
③ There are several matters to be considered. 有幾件事情要考慮。
[注]:在口語中,be the matter 相當於 be wrong, 表發生了失常的事或出了毛病等意思。如:
① What’s the matter? 怎麼啦?
② What’s the matter with you? 你怎麼啦?
Ⅲ. business「生意、商業」產普通用語。它表「事情、事務」時,往往指一種任務、責任或必須去做的事。此外, 它有時還含有輕蔑的意味。如:
① We don’t do much business with them.我們跟他們沒有多少生意來往。
② It is a teacher’s business to help his pupils.幫助學生是教師的責任。
③ He made it his business to fetch water for a granny. 他把為一位老大娘挑水當作自己的事。
④ It’s not your business.這不是你的事。
[注]:這三個詞有時可通用,但不能任意替換。如:
Mind your own business.少管閒事。這裡的 business 可用affairs 替換,但不能用 matters.
2
afraid/ fear/ frightened
Ⅰ. afraid 「害怕」是形容詞,只能作表語,而不能作定語,後接of 短語或不定式,構成 be afraid of sb. 和 be afraid to do sth
① She is afraid of a snake. 她害怕蛇。
② The little girl is afraid to go out at night.
afraid +that clause 「恐怕」, 是婉轉拒絕別人的一種表達方式。 如:
① I’m afraid (that) I can’t go to the party. My brother is sick. 恐怕我不能去參加聚會了。我弟弟病了。
Ⅱ. fear 「害怕」是動詞,與be afraid 往往通用,但不如它常用(特別是在口語中)。如:
① We fear no difficulty.我們不怕困難。
② He feared to speak his mind.他不敢說出自己的想法。
③ Fearing that he would catch cold, I went out to see him.因為怕他會受涼,我走去看他。
Ⅲ. frightened adj 「受驚嚇的、害怕的」可做表語,也可作定語。如:
① She is too frightened to move.她太害怕了不能動彈。
② A frightened girl is crying. 一個受驚的女孩正在哭。
3
feel like / would like
Ⅰ.feel like 與would like 意思很相近,但feel like 後面常跟名詞;動名詞。構成:feel like (doing) sth. 而 would like 一般接名詞;動詞不定式。構成:would like (to do) sth.的句式。如:
① I feel like (having) a drink. = I would like (to have) a drink. 我想喝一杯。
② Do you feel like talking a walk. = Would you like to take a walk? 你要不要散步?
③ I don’t feel like eating. 我不想吃東西。
Ⅱ.feel like 還表示:「覺得好像,摸起來像」。如:
① It feels like silk. 它摸起來像綢緞。
4
after/behind 「在……之後」
Ⅰ. after 「在……(時間)之後」;
「在……(地點)之後」,指次序。如:
① He came after ten o』clock. 他十點以後來的。
② Two days after his arrival, I called on him. 在他到達兩天以後,我拜訪了他。
③ 『Against』 comes after 『again』 in this cictionary.在這本字典中 『against』 排在 『again』 之後。
Ⅱ. behind 表地點時意為:在……後面、著重指位置的前後。偶爾也指時間,表按照一定的時刻而遲了的意思。
① The garden is behind the house.
② He stood behind me.
③ The train was behind time. 火車誤點了。
④ You are two hours behind. 你遲了兩個小時。
5
ago/before
Ⅰ. ago adv. 「……以前」指從此刻起,若干時間以前,通常與過去連用。如:
① It happened two days ago.這件事發生在兩天以前。
② I met him a few minutes ago.我在幾分鐘以前碰到他。
Ⅱ. before adv, prep & conj 「……以前」指從那時起若干時間以前。通常與完成時、過去時等連用。還可用作前置詞或連接詞表時間,而ago 則不能這樣用。
① He said that he had seen her two days before.他說他兩天前見到過她。(表從她說話那時起兩天前)
② I had been fine the day before.(那天)前一天的天氣很好。
③ I』ve seen that film before.
④ I never met him before.
6
agree to/ agree with/ agree on(up on)
Ⅰ. agree to 「同意、應允」通常用於同意某件事情(我們可以同意我們自己有不同看法而並不贊同的事情)。如:
① Do you agree to this plan?
② He agreed to my proposal.他同意了我的提議。
③ I agreed to his terms. 我同意了他的條件。
Ⅱ. agree with 「同意、贊同」常常表示同某人意見一致,也可表贊同某件事情。還有「(氣候、食物等)適合」之意。如:
① I quite agree with you.我很同意你。
② Do you agree with me ?
③ I agree with all you say.我同意你所說的。
④ His words do not agree with his actions.他言行不一致。
⑤ Too much meat doesn’t agree with her.吃太多肉對她身體不合適。
[注]:agree with 不能用於被動語態。
Ⅲ. agree on /upon 「對……取得一致意見」指兩方或多方就某個問題取得了一致的意見或達成了某種協議。如:
① After discussion the two sides agreed on a cease-fire. 經過討論,雙方就停火問題達成了協議。
② They all agree on the plan.他們對這個計劃意見一致。
[注]:此句型可轉換成agree in doing sth.如:
① All of them agreed on / upon it. = All of them agreed in doing it. 他們對做這個問題達成了共識。
7
at times / at all times / all the time
Ⅰ. at times 「;偶爾」如:
① The tide is , at times, very high. 潮水有時漲得高。
② I make mistakes at times when I speak English. 我說英語偶爾會出錯。
Ⅱ. at all times.「隨時;任何時候;總是」 如:
He has a cool head at all times. 他隨時都有清醒的頭腦。
Ⅲ. all the time 「一直;始終」 其中time用單數形式。如:
The baby cries all the time. 那嬰兒一直哭。
8
aim/ purpose/ object
Ⅰ. aim 「目的」指抱有一種明確的目的,並意味著為之實現而竭盡全力。如:
① What’s your aim in life?你的人生目的是什麼?
② The ultimate aim of the Party is the realization of communism.黨的最終目的是實現共產主義。
Ⅱ. purpose 「目的」指心中有打算,並意味著對所作的打算有較大的決心。如:
① It was done with a definite purpose. 做這件事具有一個明確的目的。
② For what purpose (purposes) do you want to go to Canada? 你要去加拿大的目的何在?
Ⅲ. object 「目的」 含有比較具體的意味。往往指在我們的行為中,需要或希望直接達到的目的。如:
① The object of my visit is to consult you. 我訪問的目的是來和你商量。
② What is your object in studying English? 你學英文的目的何在?
[注]:以上這幾個詞的涵義雖有差別,但在語言實踐中,常被毫無區別地使用著。
9
alive/ living/ the living/ live/ dead
Ⅰ. alive adj「活著的」「在世的」,它既可修飾人也可修飾物。可作表語,定語。作定語時,應放在被修飾的名詞之後。如:
① They were alive and as happy as ever. 他們都還活著,並跟以前一樣快活。
② All the other comrades were killed in the battle. He was the only man alive. 所有的同志都還活著亡了,他是唯一的倖存者。
Ⅱ.living adj,「活著的」主要用著定語,常置於名詞前,有時也可置於名詞後。也可作表語。如:
① Every living person has a name. 每個活著的人都有一個名字。
② No man living could do better. 當代人沒有一個能做得比這更好。
Ⅲ. the living 「活著的人」如:
The living are more important to us than the dead.對我們來說活著的人比死了的人更重要。
Ⅳ. live adj. 「活著的」讀著[laiv],反義詞為 dead, 可作定語,放在所修飾的名詞之前,一般不用來修飾人。還可以作動詞,讀著[liv], 意為「生活」、「生存」如:
① The cat was playing with a live mouse.這隻貓在玩弄一隻活老鼠。
② Pandas usually live in the south and the southeast of China.熊貓通常生活在中國的南部和東南部。
Ⅴ. lively adj. [『laivli](livelier, liveliest) 「生動的」;「活潑的」;「充滿生氣的」用作表語或定語,可用來修飾人或物。如:
The sports ground is lively with all sorts of ball games. 運動場上進行著各種球類比賽,呈現出一派的景象。
10
all/ every
Ⅰ. all 和 every 意思十分相近,二者都可用來泛指人或物。但all可與算數的名詞連用,而every 只能與單數的名詞連用。如:
① All Mondays are horrible. 星期一總是可怕的。
② Every Monday is horrible. 每個星期一都是可怕的。
Ⅱ. all 和 every 也可用來指某一類東西中的個體。但all 後跟the 或其它「限定詞」,而every後卻不能。它往往強調無一例外的意思。
--She is eaten all the biscuits[『biskit]. –What, every one? –Every single one! 她把餅乾都吃光了。怎麼,把每一塊都吃光了嗎?每一塊全都吃了!
Ⅲ. all 還可和單數名詞連用,表示every past of 而every卻不能有此義。如:
She was here all day. 她在這呆了一整天。