文章來源：BigONE
7月22日，BigONE PR 負責人對話NerveNetwork發起人Berzeck，進行了主題為【DeFi 看 Nerve 如何突圍】的線上AMA。
以下為AMA實錄：
郝維：哈嘍，大家好！歡迎大家來參加今天的AMA，我是BigONE的PR負責人郝維。我們本期節目邀請到了NerveNetwork（NVT）項目方的發起人Berzeck來跟我們大家聊一聊當下很多人都在關注的DeFi話題。
有請Berzeck來跟我們打個招呼吧！Let’s welcome Berzeck @Berzeck
Berzeck： Hello everyone, good afternoon! I am Berzeck, NULS NTC members and community councilor. I am graduated from the Military Engineering College of La Paz, Bolivia, with a bachelor’s degree in systems engineering. I have nearly 20 years of experience in system development and team management, served as IT director of a multinational company and project external consultant of the State Administration of Transportation.I have been working for NULS since the end of 2018. With rich experience in using modular methods and microservices, I have led and completed the modular reconstruction of the underlying core of NULS 2.0 and the design and development of the microservice architecture with the other NTC members.
譯文：各位小夥伴們，大家下午好！我是Berzeck，NULS NTC 理事成員。畢業於玻利維亞拉巴斯軍事工程學院，系統工程學士學位。近 20 年系統開發和團隊管理經驗，曾擔任跨國公司 IT 總監，國家運輸總局項目外部顧問。我從2018年底開始為NULS工作，在使用模塊化方法和微服務方面有著豐富的經驗，主導並完成了 NULS 2.0底層核心的模塊化重構和微服務架構的設計、開發。
郝維：說到DeFi，其實就是我們所說的分布式金融，隨著區塊鏈的迅速發展，其應用場景也在不斷豐富，而金融業是其中最有前景的行業。目前，DeFi主要在以太坊網絡生態內較為活躍，經過兩三年的探索發展，衍生出了穩定幣、借貸平臺、衍生品、預測市場、保險、支付平臺等多種金融創新玩法。
截至今年第二季度，DeFi鎖定的資產規模大概已經達到了16.88億美金，比本季度初5.38億美金增長了200%。未來的增長速度和空間都很大。
Berzeck, would you please tell us what Nerve is?首先有請我們的Berzeck， 為大家介紹一下什麼是Nerve？
Berzeck： OK. Sure!Nerve is a decentralized digital asset service network, which is a set of cross-chain interactive protocols based on the NULS microservices framework and developed with ChainBox.Its goal is to eliminate the isolation problem that most blockchains have. Meanwhile, to establish a cross-chain interoperable asset interaction network, and provide all the underlying support for Defi applications ecosystem; letting digital asset holders enjoy truly secure, free and transparent Defi application services.
譯文：Nerve 是一個去中心化的數字資產服務網絡。它基於NULS微服務框架， 使用 NULS ChainBox（鏈工廠的底層）開發搭建的區塊鏈跨鏈交互協議。旨在打破區塊鏈價值孤島，建立跨鏈互通的資產交互網絡，為 Defi 應用生態提供底層支持。讓數字資產持有者享受真正安全、自由、透明的 Defi 應用服務。
Berzeck： Here are some INFO for Nerve:
Nerve website: http://nerve.network/Forum of the progress Nerve ：https://bbs.nuls.io/c/general/nerve-news/64Nerve WeiBo：Nerve網絡譯文：Nerve相關資訊查閱：
Nerve官網http://nerve.network/動態進展的資訊論壇：https://bbs.nuls.io/c/general/nerve-news/64微博：Nerve網絡Berzeck： Nerve adopts a multi-layer and multi-chain architecture that integrates parachains and relay chains, and defines a set of interface protocols for public chain networks such as BTC and ETH, so that tokens such as BTC, ETH, ERC20, NULS, NRC20, etc. can be quickly transferred between different public chains.This not only enables Nerve to form a differentiated competitiveness in the construction of the DeFi ecosystem, but it is also likely to become a landmark leap forward in the development of the blockchain.
譯文：Nerve採用集成平行鏈和中繼鏈的多層多鏈架構，針對BTC、ETH等公鏈網絡定義了一組接口協議， 使BTC、ETH、ERC20、NULS、NRC20等代幣可以在不同公鏈間實現快速轉移。這不僅使Nerve在建設DeFi生態中形成差異化競爭力，同時很可能成為區塊鏈發展歷程上標誌性的一次躍進。
郝維：那麼，在這種突破性背後，Nerve作了哪些方面的布局與設計呢？
Berzeck： Nerve has carried out bold innovation and ingenious design in many aspects such as consensus mechanism, technical architecture, and economic model.
譯文：Nerve在共識機制、技術架構、經濟模型等多方面都進行了大膽創新與精巧設計。
Berzeck： Based on NULS POC consensus algorithm, Nerve designed a more efficient and stable POCBFT consensus algorithm, which adds a BFT mechanism to ensure final consistency on the basis of POC, shortening the block generation interval to seconds. It is expected that the TPS will reach 2000+.Meanwhile, the transfering sservice fee will be almost 0, which greatly increases the asset transfer speed and reduces the transfer threshold.
譯文：Nerve 在基於 NULS POC共識算法基礎上，設計了更高效、穩定的POCBFT共識算法。該算法在 POC 的基礎上增加了確保最終一致性的BFT機制，將區塊出塊時間間隔縮短為秒級，預計TPS達到2000+，同時轉帳費用接近於0，大幅提升資產轉移速度並降低轉移門檻。
Berzeck： Nerve’s main network nodes are divided into three types: Common nodes, consensus nodes, and virtual bank.
The virtual bank is responsible for the maintenance of cross-chain assets, including the creation and management of multi-signature accounts or smart contracts for parallel chains, the creation and broadcasting of asset transfer transactions, etc.
The consensus nodes are responsible for the maintenance of the blockchain.The common nodes are responsible for functions such as transaction collecting, block and transaction verifying, and providing services for applications.
This kind of multi-consensus mechanism model can help different types of users have the opportunity to participate in the Nerve node consensus process, thus improve the stability and fairness of the Nerve network.
譯文：Nerve採用虛擬銀行、共識節點、普通節點等三層節點模型。由虛擬銀行負責跨鏈資產的維護，包括創建和管理平行鏈的多籤帳戶或智能合約、創建並廣播資產轉出交易等；共識節點負責自身區塊鏈的維護；普通節點則負責交易的收集、驗證等服務。這種多重共識機制模式可以幫助不同類型的用戶都有機會參與到Nerve的節點共識過程中，提升Nerve網絡的穩定性與公平性。
Berzeck： In terms of mechanism implementation, Nerve mainly uses a new intelligent lightning network to achieve cross-chain transactions, It is different from the traditional lightning network of Bitcoin exchange.Nerve Lightning Network is not a state lock in a state channel, but a virtual bank node for multi-signature or smart contract interlocking verifiers to achieve real asset exchange.
譯文：在機制實現方面， Nerve主要採用新型智能閃電網絡實現跨鏈交易，但不同於傳統比特幣原子交換的閃電網絡。Nerve閃電網絡不是狀態通道內的狀態鎖定，而是虛擬銀行節點進行多籤或者智能合約互鎖的驗證人實現真實的資產交換。
Berzeck： Take the BTC cross-chain transaction as an example. The user transfers BTC to the multi-signature account of the Bitcoin chain managed by the virtual bank, and fills in the user’s Nerve-ADDR address in the transfer remarks. After monitors the Bitcoin network transaction , Nerve’s virtual bank will verify the number of confirmations, prevent fork and rollback attacks, and assemble a coinage transaction to the user’s mapped address Nerve-ADDR in Nerve and sign it.
譯文：以BTC跨鏈交易為例，用戶將BTC轉入由虛擬銀行管理的Bitcoin鏈的多籤帳戶，並在轉帳備註中填寫用戶在Nerve的地址Nerve-ADDR，Nerve的虛擬銀行監聽到Bitcoin網絡的交易，驗證確認數，防止分叉回滾攻擊，組裝一筆造幣交易給用戶在Nerve的映射地址Nerve-ADDR並籤名。
Berzeck： After the transaction is broadcasted, packaged into the block and the ledger is updated, the user has BTC assets in the Nerve ecosystem, and the actual BTC assets originally on the Bitcoin chain are guaranteed by the virtual bank to not be used passively.
譯文：在該交易得到廣播並打包進區塊、更新帳本後，用戶即在Nerve生態內擁有了BTC資產，其原本在Bitcoin鏈上的實際BTC資產則由虛擬銀行保證其不被動用。
Berzeck： Currently, Nerve has realized value interaction with NULS, NRC20, and ETH.Through similar ways, all ERC20 tokens such as USDT and other high-quality assets can easily enter the Nerve ecosystem.This also let Nerve ecosystem develope more widely, Meanwhile, through using of NULS VM to achieve various DeFi and DApp applications, Nerve will provide more services for users on the chain, such as decentralized transactions, mortgage lending, staking, etc.
譯文：目前，Nerve已經實現了與NULS、NRC20、ETH的價值交互。通過類似手段，USDT等所有ERC20代幣以及其它優質資產，都能便捷地進入Nerve生態。這也就使得Nerve生態形成更加廣闊的發展空間，並通過採用NULS VM實現各種DeFi和DApp應用為鏈上用戶提供更多服務，例如去中心化交易、抵押借貸，Staking等。
Berzeck： Decentralized exchange is Nerve’s first step in creating DeFi. Nerve has been embedded the decentralized exchange (NDEX) in its underlying architecture.Meanwhile, it supports other projects or teams to use the Nerve module to customize their own DEX. For small and medium-sized exchanges, wallets, and DApps, they no longer need to spend much efforts to develop and maintain original asset management tools. Nerve can better meet their needs for multi-asset management convenient ly and low-costly.
譯文：去中心化交易所是Nerve打造DeFi的第一步，Nerve在其底層架構中內嵌了去中心化交易所NDEX.
同時, Nerve也支持其他項目方或團隊使用Nerve模塊來定製自己的DEX。對於中小型交易所、錢包、DApp，它們可以無需再投入巨大精力開發、維護原有資產管理工具，Nerve可以更好地滿足他們以低成本、快捷的方式進行多資產管理的需求。
Berzeck： Nerve has its own platform token NVT, which has a total circulation of 2.1 billion, of which only about 310 million were in early circulation, including original Investment, community promotion and airdrop.
譯文：Nerve設有平臺代幣NVT，總發行量為21億枚，其中包括基石投資、社群推廣、空投在內的早期流通量只有3.1億枚左右。
Berzeck： Most of the rest are held by virtual bank pledges and foundations (linear release in 20 months after one year of the launch of the main network). Of that, 1 billion is scheduled to come out of Staking in 100 years.
譯文：其餘大部分主要為虛擬銀行質押和基金會持有（主網上線一年後20個月線性釋放）。其中10億計劃於100年Staking產出。
Berzeck： Besides the original asset on Nerve network, any other external asset transferred through heterogeneous cross chain can be staking by locking asset and creating node on Nerve and thus receive corresponding NVT rewards.
譯文：除了Nerve 鏈上的原生資產，任何通過異構跨鏈轉入的外部資產，都可以通過在Nerve鎖定資產創建節點來獲得Staking票權，並獲得相應的NVT獎勵。
郝維：Nerve’s three-tier node architecture not only ensures that the entire network has very high performance, but also ensures that the entire network has good decentralization characteristics. So how can users become nodes to obtain revenue? Nerve的三層節點架構，不僅保證整個網絡擁有非常高的性能，還保證了較好的去中心化特性，那麼用戶該如何才能成為節點從而獲得收益呢？
Berzeck： If you want to become a Nerve mainnet node owner and participate in staking, you need to hold at least 200,000 NVT. If the number of asset pledges on your node can be ranked in the top 35 of the entire network, you can become a consensus node. If you can become the top 15, you will also become a virtual bank node. Correspondingly, you』ll get more rewords for different kind of nodes.
譯文：如果你想成為Nerve主網節點，參與共識挖礦，至少需要持有20萬個NVT；如果你節點上的資產質押數量能排到全網節點的前35名，你就可以成為共識節點；如果你能成為前15名，你將成為虛擬銀行節點，這樣你將會有更多的收益。
Berzeck： Nerve’s incentive model is node + staking (staking). there is a set of different assets and different staking methods have different weights in Nerve’s incentive mechanism,
譯文：Nerve的激勵模型是節點+staking（質押），Nerve 的激勵機制中設計了一套不同資產、不同 Staking 方式擁有不同的權重的機制。
Berzeck： The weight coefficient weightcoefficient is equal to 1 by default and increases in the following cases:
In the calculation of NULS and Nerve, the weight coefficient is multiplied by 2;In the calculation of the deposit of virtual bank, the weight coefficient is multiplied by 4;In the calculation of consensus nodes of the non-virtual bank, the weight coefficient is multiplied by 3;For the time-fixed staking, weight coefficient varies from the time, as shown in the following table.譯文：權重係數默認為 weightCoefficient =1 . 以下情況可以獲得權重係數的增加：
NULS 和 Nerve 在計算時，權重係數乘以 2；虛擬銀行的保證金，在計算的時候權重係數乘以 2；非虛擬銀行共識節點，在計算的時候權重係數乘以 1.5；定期 Staking，根據不同的時間，設置了不同的權重係數，如下表：
郝維：目前DeFi生態已經從ETH單一抵押品向多種類抵押品進化，多抵押品對DeFi生態長期發展意義重大。在WBTC成為DAI的抵押品之後，鎖定在DeFi生態中的比特幣已經突破了一萬個，佔比增長也很快。
無論是傳統金融市場還是DeFi，資產的種類越豐富，肯定對它的生態、多元化業務展開有更大促進作用。
DeFi的很多問題和挑戰，不排除出現小的「黑天鵝」事件。以Compound為代表，它的周活躍帳戶是7500個，數據不高，但在二級市場熱情高漲。Compound的借貸即挖礦引起很大浪潮。
無論是傳統金融還是可編程式金融，代碼堆砌之後的漏洞總是難以避免，一定要思考到系統性風險，比如面臨極端行情波動時，DeFi生態是否能承載？
那麼請問Berzeck如何看待代碼漏洞和系統性風險? So Berzeck, would you please tell us what do you think of the code vulnerabilities and systemic risks?
Berzeck： For all the DeFi projects, security is the most core element. Most of Defi is coded through smart contracts, the security and efficiency of applications running on smart contracts are not as good as programs that are hard-coded directly at the bottom. Thus, Nerve has adopted a different architecture design from Ethereum.
譯文：對於DeFi項目，安全性是最為核心的要素。大部分以太坊DeFi是通過智能合約編寫的，智能合約上運營的應用程式安全性和效率都比不上直接在底層硬編碼的程序。Nerve對此採取了不同於以太坊的架構設計。
Berzeck： Nerve does not have a smart contract， and the asset exchange protocol is supported on the chain. This protocol is directly supported in the bottom layer of the Nerve network and is jointly maintained by professional virtual bank nodes and consensus nodes. The systemic security risk is much smaller than the Defi application developed by smart contracts.
譯文： Nerve沒有智能合約，鏈上支持資產交換協議。這個協議直接在Nerve網絡的底層中支持，並且由專業虛擬銀行節點和共識節點共同維護，系統性安全風險要比智能合約開發的DeFi應用小得多。
郝維：從目前來看，DeFi的活躍促使乙太網作為Gas費的需求不斷提升。同時，通過DeFi吸引到更多資產進入自己的生態圈，以太坊在整個加密資產生態中的系統重要性得以提升。
僅僅用了2020年兩個季度的時間，DeFi的用戶規模已經超過了去年全年一倍，即使如此從長周期來看，DeFi的生態仍處初期。
從交易風險控制來講，短期的上漲勢必會帶來快速地回調。大家不要去目跟隨熱點，但一定要保持關注，抓住一個好的時機再去參與。
資產上鏈的複雜程度和不確定性，對於整個DeFi行業而言是非常大的挑戰。請問Berzeck是怎麼看待資產上鏈的? The complexity and uncertainty of asset chaining is a very big challenge for the entire DeFi industry. Berzeck, What do you think about assets on chain ?
Berzeck： Assets on chain are mainly divided into two types:The first type is various virtual assets under the Internet system. and the other type is physical assets in real life: such as gold and oil, etc.
譯文：資產上鏈主要分為兩種類型。第一種是網際網路體系下的各種虛擬資產；第二種是現實生活中的實物資產：例如黃金、石油等。
Berzeck： The main function of the blockchain at present is to gradually digitize various virtual assets, and to confirm the rights of the assets through the private key, so as to realize the circulation and value transfer of the assets.
譯文：區塊鏈目前主要作用就是逐漸將各種虛擬資產數位化，並且通過私鑰來對資產進行確權，實現資產的流通和價值流轉。
Berzeck： In the future, many physical assets will be marked or anchored through the third-party custody of the LoT equipments, so as to realize the digitization of physical assets. This will lead a huge revolution in the global economy and then bring a total new economy system.
譯文：而未來，將會有很多實體資產通過物聯網設備，三方的託管對實體資產進行標記或者錨定，從而實現實體資產的數位化，這將會引起全球經濟的一次巨大變革，帶來一個全新的經濟體系。
郝維：截至7月6日，DeFi用戶總數為24萬，比過去一個月增長了20％以上，現在DeFi協議鎖定的資本總值也超過了20億美元。儘管用戶激增，但五個項目仍佔DeFi鎖定資金的絕大部分（約94％）。前五大項目分別為COMP鎖定資產6.734億美元，Maker鎖定資產6.034億美元，Synthetix為3.33億美元，Balancer為1.588億美元，Aave為1.558億美元。
目前，DeFi項目代幣的總市值已接近77億美元，而在一個多月前，這一數字還只有10億美元，足以反映DeFi熱度。DeFi項目之所以會迅速崛起，原因在於由區塊鏈驅動的去中心化金融處於萌芽階段，DeFi主張個人和機構無需經過受信任的中介機構，即可訪問幾乎所有的金融應用程式，特別是以前無法獲得某種金融服務的人群將會因此受益，這對資本而言具有巨大的想像空間與吸引力。
本文來源： 金色財經 / 作者：NULS