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2020年12月份四級考試 仔細閱讀 關於「無聊」的研究
廣州新東方 王宗玉
Boredom has, paradoxically, become quite interesting to academics. In early May, London's Boring Conference celebrated seven years of delighting in dullness. At this event, people flocked to talks about weather, traffic jams, and vending-machine sounds, among other sleep-inducing topics.
What, exactly, is everybody studying? One widely accepted psychological definition of boredom is " the distasteful experience of wanting , but being unable, to engaging in satisfying activity . " But how can you quantify a person's boredom level and compare it with someone else's ? In 1986, psychologists introduced the Boredom Proneness Scale, designed to measure an individual's overall tendency to feel bored. By contrast, the Multidimensional State Boredom Scale, developed in 2008, measures a person's feelings of boredom in a given situation.
Boredom has been linked to behavior issues including inattentive driving, mindless snacking, excessive drinking, and addictive gambling. In fact, many of us would choose pain over boredom. One team of psychologists discovered that two-thirds of men and a quarter of women would rather self-administer shocks than sit alone with their thoughts for 15 minutes. Researching this phenomenon, another team asked volunteers to watch boring, sad, or neutral films, during which they could self-administer electric shocks. The bored volunteers shocked themselves more and harder than the sad or neutral ones did.
But boredom isn't all bad. By encouraging self-reflection and daydreaming, it can spur creativity. An early study gave participants abundant time to complete problem-solving and word-association exercises. Once all the obvious answers were exhausted, participants gave more and more inventive answers to combat boredom. A British study look these findings one step further.
asking subjects to complete a creative challenge(coming up with a list of alternative users for a household item). One group of subject did a boring activity first, while the others went straight to the creative task. Those whose boredom pumps had been primed were more productive.
In our always-connected world, boredom may be a hard-to define state, but it is a fertile one .Watch paint dry or water boil, or at least put away your smartphone for a while, and you might unlock your next big idea.
46. When are people likely to experience boredom, according to an accepted definition?
A) When they don’t have the chance to do what they want.
B) When they don’t enjoy the materials they are studying.
C) When they experience something unpleasant.
D) When they engage in some routine activities.
答案：A
定位：第二段第二句：One widely accepted psychological definition of boredom is 「the distasteful experience of wanting, but being unable, to engage in satisfying activity.」
解析：
A為什么正確：沒有機會做自己想做的事對應原文」想要但是不能參與活動的糟糕經歷「。
B為什麼錯誤：通過原文第一句的studying設置的幹擾
C為什麼錯誤：經歷不愉快的事情，未提及。
D為什麼錯誤：參與日常活動，沒有體現原文的 want, but unable
47. What does the author say boredom can lead to?
A) Determination
B) Concentration.
C) Mental deterioration.
D) Harmful conduct
答案：D
定位：第三段第一句：Boredom has been linked to behavior issues including inattentive driving, mindless snacking, excessive drinking, and addictive gambling.
解析：無聊和一些行為問題有關，原文列舉了酗酒、賭博成癮等例子，對應D選項「有害的行為」。
48. What is the finding of one team of psychologists in their experiment?
A) Volunteers prefer watching a boring movie to sitting alone deliberating.
B) Many volunteers choose to hurt themselves rather than endure boredom .
C) Male volunteers are more immune to the effects of boredom than females
D) Many volunteers are unable to resist boredom longer than fifteen minutes
答案：B
定位：第三段第三、四、五句：，One team of psychologists discovered that two-thirds of men and a quarter of women would rather self-administer shocks than sit alone with their thoughts for 15 minutes. Researching this phenomenon, another team asked volunteers to watch boring, sad, or neutral films, during which they could self-administer electric shocks. The bored volunteers shocked themselves more and harder than the sad or neutral ones did.
解析：題目問心理學家的實驗結果，實驗是為了支持前面一句提出的論點的，即第三段第二句：In fact, many of us would choose pain over boredom. 多數人寧願選擇痛苦而不是無聊。結合實驗具體描述，得出答案。
A為什麼錯誤：實驗過程而非實驗結論，且描述有誤。
B為什么正確：人們寧可選擇痛苦也不願意遭受無聊，實驗中人們寧可電擊也不願意什麼都不做。
C為什麼錯誤：男性比女性更加對無聊免疫。與原文相反，原文是三分之二的男性和四分之一的女性更加難以忍受無聊。
D為什麼錯誤：原文未提及忍受無聊的時長問題。
49. Why does the author say boredom isn’t all bad?
A) It stimulates memorization.
B) It allows time for relaxation.
C) It may promote creative thinking
D) It may facilitate independent learning.
答案：C
定位：第四段第一、二句：But boredom isn't all bad. By encouraging self-reflection and daydreaming, it can spur creativity.
解析：此題難度較低，it can spur creativity. 它可以刺激創造力，對應B選項「促進創造性思維」。ABD分別對應「記憶」、「放鬆」、「獨立學習」，原文未提及。
50. What does the author suggest one do when faced with a challenging problem?
A) Stop idling and think big.
B) Unlock one’s smartphone
C) Look around oneself for stimulation
D) Allow oneself some time to be bored.
答案：D
定位：最後一段：since employers』 perception of weight is what matters in the labor market, changing discrimination laws to include body type as a category would help. Michigan is the only state that prohibits discrimination on the basis of weight and height. We believe expanding such protections would make the labor market more fair and efficient.
解析：本文前三段通過描寫心理學家關於「無聊」的研究，表達了人們對於「無聊」這件事的不喜愛，但第四段話鋒一轉，作者提出自己的觀點：無聊也是有好處的。並引用研究來作證。在最後一段，作者提出建議：創造一些無聊的情景給自己，你可能輝「解鎖下一個好主意」。對應D選項：給自己一些無聊的時間。
A為什麼錯誤：不要無所事事，去想一些大問題。偏離了「無聊是有好處的」的主題
B為什麼錯誤：解鎖你的手機，在最後一句設置的幹擾，只是細節動作，並非本質建議。
C為什麼錯誤：偏離主題。
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