Well hey, there I'm Emma from mmmEnglish!
In this lesson, I'll go over the pronunciation of the 'th' sounds.
大家好呀，我是Emma，歡迎來到Emma的美味英語！
在本節課程中，我們將來重溫一下「th」的發音。
I'll remind you how to make the sounds because actually there are two sounds made by the letters 'th' and I'll give you some guidelines to help you to decide when to use each sound.
And more importantly, we'll practise using these sounds in sentences because that's when it gets tricky.
我會提醒一下大家該如何發這個音，因為「th」其實是有兩種讀音的，我也會給大家一些小技巧，幫助大家判斷什麼時候該用哪種發音。
更重要的是，我們將會在句子中練習這些發音，因為一般來說在句子中才會變得比較複雜。
Before we get started, I want to say a huge welcome to my newest subscribers I'm looking forward to taking you on an English language journey.
If you haven't subscribed to my channel yet, then you can do it just by hitting that red subscribe button right there.
在我們開始之前，我想先熱烈歡迎一下剛剛訂閱我的頻道的小夥伴們，我非常期待能和你們共赴英語學習之旅。
如果你還沒有訂閱我的頻道的話，動動手指按一下紅色的訂閱鍵就可以了呢。
Okay so the 'th' sounds are really common, really common in English, though, not many other languages use these sounds.
So if you're having trouble pronouncing the 'th' sounds, then don't feel bad about it, you're definitely not alone.
「th」在英文中非常非常常見，儘管有些其他的語言並不使用這個音。
如果你在發「th」這個音的時候出現困難的話，不要灰心喪氣，你不是一個人在戰鬥。
But the good news is you can improve this sound and you can start to feel more natural as you're using it but you have to commit!
Improving your pronunciation is like going to the gym.
但是好消息是，你可以通過使用它來完善自己的發音，慢慢變得更加自然，但是你可得下功夫呢！提升發音水平就像是去健身房健身一樣。
The first time, you're gonna suck at it.
But each time that you go back and you work those muscles a little bit more, the easier it will get and the better you'll feel about yourself, right?
第一次肯定一團糟。
但是每次你回到健身房，繼續鍛鍊那些肌肉的時候，就會變得越來越得心應手，你自己也會感覺越來越好，對吧？
So remember, that the tongue is also a muscle and you need to strengthen it, you need to work out.
So let's review the position of the tongue.
記住哦，舌頭也是一塊肌肉，你需要不斷地強化它，你需要進行鍛鍊。
讓我們來複習一下舌頭的位置吧。
Open your mouth and push your tongue through, just a little, not like this, like this.
Put your finger there if you're unsure about where to stop your tongue.
張開嘴巴，伸出舌頭，一點點就行，不是這樣，應該是這樣的。如果你不太確定舌頭應該停在哪個位置的話，用你的手指幫你確定一下。
Notice that the tongue is not completely relaxed, there's a little tension.
If you rub the bottom of your teeth with your tongue, can you feel the tension in your tongue?
注意舌頭並不是完全放鬆的，要稍微繃緊一下。
如果你的舌頭和牙齒底部進行摩擦的話，你能感受到舌頭的張力嗎？
This is the same amount of tension that you need to hold the 'th' position.
The tongue is not completely relaxed, it's lifted and running through the middle of your mouth.
這和發「th」音舌頭的繃緊程度是相同的。
舌頭不是完全放鬆的，它是翹起的，而且從你的嘴巴中部穿過。
If your tongue is too high in the mouth, up behind your teeth, you'll make that /t/ or /d/ sound.
And if your tongue is not coming through your teeth, if you keep it inside, you'll make a /s/ or a /z/ sound.
如果你的舌頭在口腔中的位置過高的話，到了你的上牙後的位置，你就會發出/t/或者是/d/音。
如果你的舌頭沒有從齒關出來的的話，你發的音就是/s/或者是/z/。
So you really must pay attention to the tip of your tongue, it must come through between your teeth.
Now as I mentioned, there are two 'th' sounds, a voiced sound and an unvoiced sound.
所以你一定要注意舌尖，它必須要從齒關出來的。
正如我之前所說，「th」有兩種發音，一種是濁音，一種是清音。
Now both of these sounds use exactly the same mouth position. It's just that the sound comes from a different place.
這兩個音嘴巴的位置是相同的。只是聲音的的來源不同。
Voiced consonant sounds are made using the vocal cords.
So once you've got your teeth and your mouth in position and you make a sound here, you should feel a buzzing.
濁輔音是用聲帶發生。
只要你牙齒和嘴巴的位置是正確的話，你發音的時候就會感覺到嗡嗡聲。
It might even tickle your tongue a little.
Unvoiced consonant sounds are made by air pushing through your mouth.
你的舌頭甚至會覺得有一點點癢。
清輔音是空氣通過你的嘴巴進行發音的。
So it's the air that creates the sound. So keep your tongue and your mouth in the same position, make sure you've got some air in your lungs and push the air through.
是空氣在發音。讓你的舌頭和嘴巴保持在相同的位置，保證肺部一定要有一點空氣，然後將空氣擠壓出來。
So this is the unvoiced 'th' sound. So when should you use the voiced or the unvoiced sound?
這就是清輔音「th」。那什麼時候該使用清輔音，什麼時候該使用濁輔音呢？
That's a great question because both sounds are represented by the same letters. And I wish I had a simple answer for you,
確實是個好問題，因為這兩個音的字母是相同的。好希望能給大家一個簡單的答案。
I know that you like it when I have a simple explanation of why this rule is like that and when you should use it but unfortunately in this situation, there are lots of exceptions.
But there are some guidelines that I'm going to share with you, guides that will help you to make a decision and help you to use the correct 'th' sound.
我知道，如果我能夠非常簡單地解釋為什麼這條規則是這樣的，你什麼時候應該使用它，你們會非常喜歡的，但是很不幸的是，在這種情況下，確實存在著很多的例外。
但是還是有一些小竅門的，我馬上就會分享給大家，它們能夠幫助你作出決定，使用正確的「th」音。
Remember they're guides, not rules, but let's focus on the unvoiced sound first, made with air.
So a 'th' at the beginning of content words is usually an unvoiced 'th' sound.
記住它們只是一些小指南，並不是規則，但是讓我們先來看看清輔音吧，就是藉助空氣發音。
在實義詞前的「th」通常都是清輔音。
So content words are words that provide the meaning in a sentence. There are nouns, verbs, adjectives, adverbs.
實義詞就是那些為句子貢獻意義的詞彙。有名詞、動詞、形容詞和副詞。
Words like 'think' and 'thought' and 'thirsty' and 'thankful' and 'theory'.
So the 'th' at the start of content words is usually unvoiced.
比如說「思考」、「思想」、「口渴的」、「感激的」和「理論」這些詞彙。
所以實義詞之前的「th」一般都是清輔音。
Now if there is a 'th' in the middle of a word, before a consonant, it's usually unvoiced. 'bathtub'
如果在單詞的中間、輔音之前有一個「th」的話，通常都是清輔音。「浴缸」
'faithful' 'worthless'
「忠誠的」「毫無價值的」
And a 'th' at the end of a word is usually unvoiced. 'month'
單詞末尾的「th」音一般也都是清輔音。「嘴巴」
'strength' 'warmth'
「力量」「溫暖」
'teeth' 'fifth'
「牙齒」「第五個」
There are some exceptions though. And I'm going to talk about those in just a minute.
但是有一些例外情況。我馬上就會講到這些例外。
Now the voiced 'th' sound made using your vocal cords. So if there's a 'th' at the beginning of a structure word, they're usually voiced.
濁輔音「th」需要用到你的聲帶進行發音。如果「th」是在結構詞彙之前，通常來說都是濁輔音。
So structure words, sometimes called function words, are different to content words because they don't have a lot of meaning in English sentences.
They're grammatical words.
而結構詞彙呢，有時被稱為功能詞彙，和實義詞不同，因為它們在句子中並沒有多少意思。
它們是語法詞彙。
They don't tell us a lot of information but they're important to the structure of English sentences.
So structure words are words like 'this', 'that', 'those', 'these', 'the', 'there', 'then' or 'than' .
它們不能告訴我們很多信息，但是他們對於英語句子的結構非常重要。
比如說「這」、「那」、「那些」、「這些」、「特指the」、「這裡」、「然後」或者是「比」都是結構詞彙。
So all of these words, I mean, some of these words are very, very, common English words, right?
They're very, very common.
這裡面很多單詞在英文中都非常常見，對吧？
它們真的非常非常常見。
So learning to pronounce the different 'th' sounds is really important if you want to sound natural when you speak English.
There is a noticeable difference.
如果你想讓自己的英語聽起來更加自然的話，學會發不同的「th」音非常重要。
有一個非常顯著的不同。
Now a 'th' in the middle of the word, when it's between two vowel sounds is usually this voiced sound. 'bother'
當「th」在單詞中的兩個元音之間的時候，通常都是濁輔音。「打擾」
'worthy' 'mother'
「值得的」「媽媽」
Now I said the 'th' is usually unvoiced at the end of words but except if the word ends ends in '-the' like 'bathe', 'breathe' and 'loathe'.
So these are pretty good guides but there are always exceptions, aren't there?
我說過「th」在單詞末尾的時候通常都是清輔音，但是在以「the」結尾的單詞中，比如說「洗澡」、「呼吸」和「厭惡」中需要發濁輔音。
這都是非常好的指南，但是總會有例外的，對吧？
English! There are exceptions like 'smooth' and 'clothes' and 'frothy'.
英語！比如說「平緩的」、「衣服」和「有泡沫的」就是例外。
All of these words are breaking the rules and there are more!
Actually, if you can think of any more, please add them to the comments so that we can talk about some of the exceptions in the comments.
這些單詞都會打破規則，當然還有更多例外！
如果你能想到更多的話，請寫在評論區，這樣的話我們就可以在評論區討論一下其中的某些例外啦。
But anyway, now that you've got through most of these guidelines, it's time to practise.
So I want you to repeat after me.
不過既然你已經了解了大部分的指南，那就到了我們的練習時間啦。
我想讓大家跟著我一起念。
Throw those things. Throw those things to Theo.
把那些東西扔掉。把那些東西扔給西奧。
Throw those things to Theo. There are three of them.
把那些東西扔給西奧。有三個人。
There are three of them over there. There are three of them over there.
那邊有三個人。那邊有三個人。
Ready for this one? At three thirty on Thursday, a thousand of those thrilling thinkers will gather.
準備好了嗎？在周四三點四十分，數以千計的思想家們會聚集一堂。
At three thirty on Thursday, a thousand of those thrilling thinkers will gather. I love tongue twisters!
在周四三點四十分，數以千計的思想家們會聚集一堂。我喜歡繞口令！
Can you think of your own 'th' tongue twister? I think I thought I. . .
你能想出你自己的「th」的繞口令嗎？我覺得我覺得我......
If you can think of one, put it in the comments so that we can all practise together.
Put your 'th' tongue twisters right down in the comments and let's practise!
如果你能想到的話，那就寫在評論區裡吧，這樣我們就可以一起練習啦。
把你的「th」繞口令寫在下方的評論區，讓我們一起練習吧！
What a workout! Well done to you!
多好的鍛鍊啊！你真棒！
I mean your tongue might feel a little exhausted after that so you can take a break now.
But make sure that you come back to this lesson tomorrow or the next day and practise again.
你的舌頭肯定感覺有點精疲力竭了，所以你現在可以稍事休息啦。
但是記住明天或者是後天一定要複習一下這節課程，再練習一次。
It's just like doing sit-ups right? Each time you do it, it will get a little bit easier. Well, that's it for this lesson!
這就像做深蹲一樣，是嗎？你每做一次，就會變得越來越簡單。好的，這節課的內容就這麼多啦！
I really hope that you enjoyed it.
Please make sure you give it a 'like' and subscribe to my channel because I make new lessons here, every single week.
希望你們喜歡。
不要忘記給我點讚，一定要訂閱我的頻道哦，因為每周我都會在這裡發布新的課程。
Thanks for watching and I'll see you in the next lesson!
感謝觀看，下節課見！