Well hey there! I'm Emma from mmmEnglish!
This is an English pronunciation lesson and we're going to be talking about some extremely common words that are often mispronounced by English learners.
大家好啊，我是Emma，歡迎來到Emma的美味英語！
這是一節英語發音課程，我們將要討論一些非常常見的單詞，但是卻經常被英語學習者念錯。
Words like these ones.
Now do you notice anything about these words that's similar?
What do they have in common?
就像這些一樣。
你發現這些單詞的相似之處了嗎？它們之間有什麼共同之處呢？
Apart from the fact that they're all a little tricky to pronounce.
They've all got two vowels together in the word, right? It does make them a little tricky to pronounce.
除了它們都有點難發音之外，這些單詞裡面都有兩個元音，是吧？
這確實讓它們更難發音了。
And this is quite common in English, right? There are many words just like this that are spelt with two vowels together.
這在英語中非常常見，是吧？有很多類似的單詞，裡面有兩個元音。
Now sometimes they're pronounced as separate syllables like in the word 'liar'.
Sometimes they're pronounced as just one vowel sound like 'deal'.
有時它們會分開發音，比如說但「說謊的人」這個單詞裡面。
有時候它們會發成一個音，比如說「處理」。
And sometimes one of them is silent like in the word 'moreover'. It's pretty annoying, huh?
有時候它們裡面有一個是不發音的，就像在「除此之外」一樣。很煩人，是吧？
So by the end of this lesson, you're going to be able to pronounce literally thousands of English words correctly, clearly and naturally just like a native speaker would.
So stay tuned!
在本節課程結束的時候，大家將可以正確正確並且自然地發成千上萬個英文單詞的音，就像母語者那樣。
好好聽吧！
. . . . . . Vowels are one of the most challenging, possibly the most challenging part of English pronunciation.
元音是最具有挑戰性之一，可能是最有挑戰性的英語發音了。
有五個元音字母，但是大概有二十個不同的元音發音。
There are just five vowel letters but there are up to twenty different vowel sounds.
Now English is not phonetic so the letter that you see is not always pronounced in the same way and this is especially true for vowels.
英語並非是發音語言，所以你看到的字母並不總是發同樣的音，元音尤其如此。
我的訂閱者之一在之前的視頻中說：
One of my subscribers in a previous video suggested that: "Do you know what?
「你知道嗎？也許我們應該把把英語字母全都摳出來，然後用國際音標符號進行替代？
Maybe we should just scratch the English alphabet altogether and replace it with the symbols of the IPA?"
It's not a bad idea at all.
這並不是什麼壞主意。
至少我們可以知道如何發這些英文單詞的音，是吧？
At least we would all know how to pronounce English words, right?
Now I'm a huge fan of the IPA, the international phonetic alphabet.
我現在是國際音標表的忠實粉絲。
這些最好的工具之一，你得好好學習，提升自己的發音。
It's one of the best tools that you have to study and improve your pronunciation.
Actually, I've got some lessons about it right here so we can go through step by step how to use it.
其實呢，我有一些相關的課程，所以我們可以一步步地學習如何使用。
我也在下面的描述區放了幾條連結，幫助大家使用 IPA 提升發音水平，幫助你說英語的時候聽起來更加自然。
And I've also added a few links into the description box below to help you improve your pronunciation using the IPA to help you sound more natural when you speak in English.
Today I want to keep things simple, we're going to go over five common pronunciation mistakes with vowels that as an English teacher, I hear a lot from my students.
今天我想要讓事情簡單一點，我們要學習五個元音常見的發音錯誤，作為一個老師，我從我學生身上聽到的可太多了。
我很好奇想知道你們是不是也會犯同樣的錯誤。
And I'm quite curious to note if these are the same kinds of mistakes that you make as well.
So we'll focus on words with double vowels and how to pronounce them correctly.
所以我們會側重於有雙元音的單詞，以及如何正確地發音。讓我們從這個開始吧。
Let's start with this one here.
Do you know how to pronounce this word correctly?
你知道如何正確地發這個單詞的音嗎？
很容易就給發錯了。
It's an easy one to mispronounce. Just by looking at it, you might sort of think it would be something like: full.
打眼一看，你可能覺得應該是發這個音：full。但是正確的發音應該是『fuel』，『fuel』。
But the correct pronunciation is 'fuel', 'fuel'.
Now notice that when this word is spoken, we actually add a consonant sound, the /j/ sound .
注意哦，說這個單詞的時候，我們其實會加上一個輔音，也就是/j/音。
就像 『few』 前面有一個 『f』 一樣。
Like the word 'you' with a 'f' at the front of it. Actually, quite like this word.
其實，很像這個單詞。我們只需要加上一個L。
Then we just need to add an L.
Now when native speakers say this word they push these vowel letters together into just one sound.
當母語者說這個單詞的時候，他們會把這些輔音發成一個音。只有一個音節。和我一起來說一說。
There's just one syllable. So say it with me. We need to get some fuel on the way to the supermarket.
我們需要在去超市的路上加點油。英語母語者的口音不同，你會聽到有一些細微的不同，但是 『fuel』 是非常標準的。
Now there are some minor variations depending on the native English accent that you'll hear but 'fuel' is very standard.
The words 'dual' and 'cruel' have the same vowel letters and also the same vowel sound. They're pronounced in the same way with just one syllable, 'fuel', 'dual', 'cruel'.
『dual』 和 『cruel』 裡面的元音字母和元音發音都是相同的。
它們發音方式相同，只有一個音節，『fuel』， 『dual』， 『cruel』。『Building』
'Building' Now you'll see UI in all kinds of words, right?
你會看到這些單詞裡面都有一個UI，是吧？UI在英語中有很多種不同的發音，building, ruin, fruit, quiet。
UI can be pronounced in a lot of different ways in English, building, ruin, fruit, quiet.
These all have the same combination of letters, right?
它們的字母組合都是相同的，對吧？
你可以看到儘管它們的字母相同，但是不同單詞的元音發音是不同的。
You can see that there are different vowel sounds used for all of these different words despite the fact that they all use the same letters.
Today we're really going to focus on words that have UI in them but they are pronounced with a i short sound.
今天呢，我們要側重於裡面有UI的單詞，但是它們的發音是短音i。比如說『building』。
Like 'building'. So notice that you can't hear the U right?
注意哦，你是聽不到U的，是吧？是不發音的, building, building。
It's silent, building, building.
Now this can actually be quite a challenge for native French speakers. In the word build, built, building, builder, in all of them, the U is silent.
對於法語母語者這可能很具有挑戰性。
在 build, built, building, builder 這些單詞裡面，U都是不發音的。發的是元音，短音i。
It's the vowel sound, the short i.
To make that sound, all you need to do is drop your jaw a little, open your mouth i, i, build, build, building, building.
要發那個音的話，你所需要做的就是下巴往下一點點，張開嘴巴，i, i, build, build, built, building。建築者在學校建了一棟建築。
The builder built a building by the school.
Now let's check out a couple of other examples because it's quite common to see UI in English words but to only hear the short sound i pronounced.
讓我們看幾個其他的例子吧，因為英語單詞裡面UI是非常常見的，但是卻只發短音i。
比如說在：circuit, biscuit, guilty, 和 guitar 裡面。
Like in: circuit, biscuit, guilty, and guitar.
So try repeating each of those words with me out loud. Ready?
Circuit, biscuit, i, i, biscuit, guilty, guilty, guitar.
試著和我一起大聲重複這些單詞吧，準備好了嗎？Circuit, biscuit, i, i, biscuit, guilty, guilty, guitar。現在呢，『couch』 或者是 『doubt』 裡面的OU看起來應該發au的音。
Now the OU in this word looks like it should probably be pronounced like au in the word 'couch' or 'doubt' perhaps.
But listen to the pronunciation because the vowel sound is different: touch, touch.
但是聽一下發音，因為元音發音是不一樣的：touch, touch。
所以 『touch』 會發元音『』，而不是元音『au』。是 『up』裡面的『』。
So 'touch' is pronounced with an '' vowel sound, not the 'au' vowel sound. It's '' as in 'up'. Gosh English is annoying!
天哪，英語太煩人了！和我一起念吧！
Try repeating it after me! See how my mouth moves to make that sound.
看看我的嘴巴在發音的時候是怎麼動的。和au對比一下。
Compare it to au. It's a completely different movement , .
這是完全不同的動作，, 。是 touch，而不是 tauch, tauch。
So it's touch not tauch, tauch. Incorrect. It's touch.
不對，是 touch 。我們這周晚點再聯繫吧。
Let's touch base later this week. Let's touch base.
讓我們聯繫吧。『Touch』 裡面的OU發的是/ /。並不總是這麼發，但是有很多單詞發音是類似的：cousin, double, 還有 trouble。
So OU here is pronounced in 'touch'. It's not always pronounced this way but there are a lot of other words that have this same pronunciation like: cousin, double, and trouble.
Alright, I want you to practicce with me but try not to let your eyes fool you when you look at these words.
好的，我想讓大家和我一起練習，但是看這些單詞的時候，試著不要讓你的眼睛欺騙了你。
閉上你的眼睛會簡單一點。就是去聽一下我的發音，然後在家裡進行重複，cousin, double, trouble。
In fact, close your eyes. It's a little easier, just listen to the sound that I'm making and repeat it at home, cousin, double, trouble.
Now if you're a Spanish speaker or a Portuguese speaker or in your language you're used to pronouncing every letter that you see, then it can be a little tough to break the habit.
如果你的母語是西班牙語或者是葡萄牙語的話，或者在你的語言中你習慣按照看到的字母發音，那麼改掉這個習慣會比較難。
改掉發音的壞習慣並不簡單，因為你經常都並沒有意識到你在犯錯，對吧？
It's difficult to break bad habits with pronunciation because often you don't realise that you're making them, right?
So if you want to improve your pronunciation, I'd really recommend getting some help from a native English speaker or teacher if you can.
如果你想要改善發音的話，我推薦大家從英語母語者，如果可能的話，英語老師那裡尋求幫助。
詢問同時，尋找老師，或者是參加Lingoda的線上課程。
Ask a colleague, find a tutor or sign up to some online classes with Lingoda.
They've got English teachers from the UK and the US, all native speakers.
And if you want to find out which sounds you need to improve and how to improve them, this is a really great place to start because classes are really affordable so you can do a few of them over a few weeks and get continual feedback to help you improve.
他們有來自英國和美國的老師，全都是母語者。
如果你想要知道你需要改善哪些發音，以及如何改善的話，那這確實是一個開始的好地方，因為課程都很便宜，所以你可以在幾周內上一些課程，獲得持續的反饋幫助你提升。
接下來的兩個例子非常常見。
Now the next two examples are really common.
They're going to help you to pronounce literally thousands of English words correctly so make sure you don't go anywhere.
它們可以幫助你正確地發超多英語單詞的發音，所以不要走神哦。好的，這個小小的發音技巧能夠幫助你自然地發很多英語單詞的音，就像英語母語者一樣，而且比你想像得更加簡單。
Alright, this little pronunciation trick is going to help you to pronounce many, many, English words naturally, just as a native English speaker does and it's actually much easier than you think.
This word has three syllables, v, r, s.
這個單詞有三個音節，v, r, s。聽一下最後一個音節的發音。
So listen to the sound that that final syllable makes. It's short and it's low in pitch.
它很短，而且音調很低。是中元音。
The schwa sound . If you've watched this pronunciation lesson right here, you'll know that unstressed syllables often reduce down to the schwa sound.
如果你看過這個發音課程的話，你會知道非重讀的音節通常會變成中元音。
你的眼睛可能會期待這些元音字母的發音應該和 『mouse』 差不多。
Your eyes might be expecting those vowel letters to produce a sound like the one in 'mouse'.
But the au and vowel sounds are incorrect here.
但是au和元音是不對的。如果你查字典的話，看它的IPA標音，它會告訴你正確的發音。
If you look in a dictionary, you look at the IPA symbols, it will tell you the correct pronunciation. There, as in 'air', there.
Vari，就像在 『air』 裡面，vari。最後的音節的音調很平很低，various，various。
That final syllable is very flat and low in pitch, various, various.
Now there's many, many words in English that end in -ous and you can use these same pronunciation rules for all of these words too: serious, nervous, obvious, previous, curious, delicious, cautious.
英文裡面有很多以-ous結尾的單詞，你可以用同樣的發音規則來發這些單詞的音：serious, nervous, obvious, previous, curious, delicious, cautious。真的很多，對吧？
There are just so many of them, right? See what I mean?
知道我什麼意思了嗎？這個結尾非常非常常見，通常都是這樣發音的：非重讀的s。
The ending is really, really common and it's almost always pronounced exactly like this: unstressed s. Let's try saying all those words again together, so follow after me: serious, nervous, obvious, previous, curious, delicious, cautious.
讓我們試著再念一遍這些單詞吧，跟著我念：serious, nervous, obvious, previous, curious, delicious, cautious。
其實有另外的雙元音組合的發音和看起來並不一樣：cautious 和 delicious 。
Now actually there's another double vowel combination there that doesn't really sound how it looks: cautious and delicious. So how do you pronounce this word?
你怎麼發這兩個音呢？大聲說出來吧。
Say it out loud for me.
There's a couple of things about this word that make it tricky but I'm not specifically talking about only this word here, I'm talking about all words that end in -tion and there are thousands of English words that end this way.
有一些元素讓這個單詞很難發音，但是我說的並不只是這個單詞，我說的是所有的音-tion結尾的單詞，成千上萬的單詞都是這麼結尾的。
就像上個例子裡面一樣，最後的音節會變成一個中元音n。
So just like in the last example, the final syllable reduces down to become a schwa n. Now my Brazilian students, I'm looking at you, this is not to be pronounced ion, ion, information.
我的巴西學生們，我正在看著你們呢，這個不應該發成ion, ion, information ，不是ion。
It's not ion. It's just one syllable and it's always unstressed.
這是一個音節，而且不重讀。發的是中元音。
So it uses the schwa . It's short and it's low in pitch.
它很短，而且音調很低。閉上眼睛，仔細聽發音：n, n。
Close your eyes and just listen to the sound n, n. So see how little movement there is in my mouth when I make this sound? n, n, n.
看到發這個音的時候我的嘴巴的細微活動了嗎？n, n, n。好的，讓我們以自然語素髮完整的單詞的音吧：information, information 。
Alright let's try this whole word at natural pace: information, information. Now another handy tip about all words ending in -tion is the syllable before -tion is usually the stressed syllable: information, translation, action, fascination.
另外一個關於所有以-tion結尾的單詞很好用的敲門就是在-tion前面的音節通常都會重讀，information, translation, action, fascination。
你還能想到多少以-tion結尾的單詞？
How many other words can you think of that end in -tion? Add them to the comments below, I want to see how many of these words we can get down there to help us practise.
寫在評論區吧，我希望看到能夠有多少單詞能夠幫助我們練習。它們都遵循同樣的規則，其實呢，我有整整一節課程是關於以-tion結尾的單詞的，就在這裡。
They all follow the same rules and actually, I've got a whole lesson that's completely dedicated to words that end in -tion right up there.
And I also talk a little bit about -sion and -cian as well because a similar set of pronunciation rules apply.
我也談論了一點點關於-sion和-cian的東西，因為可以運用相似的發音規則。IO和IA會簡化為中元音：commission, politician, section, population, association, organisation, position, confusion。
The IO or the IA reduces down to the schwa: commission, politician, section, population, association, organisation, position, confusion. Can you think of any others?
你能想到其他的嗎？好的，我們要開誠布公了。
Alright it's time to be open and honest now. Were any of those words difficult for you?
這些單詞有沒有對你而言比較有難度的？或者是你有沒有發現或許你的發音並不那么正確呢？
Or did you realise perhaps that you've been pronouncing some of them slightly incorrectly?
It's likely that you don't mispronounce all of them but there were probably a couple in there that you need to work on, right?
很有可能你並沒有全都發錯了，但是確實是有一些你還需要繼續努力的，對吧？
如果你喜歡本節課程的話，記住一定要訂閱哦，就在下面，別忘記去臉書和ins上面關注我。
If you enjoyed this lesson, make sure you subscribe just down there and come and find me on Facebook and Instagram as well.
And tell me, are there any other words that always trip you up and get you tongue-tied?
要告訴我，是不是還有其他的單詞總是會讓你犯錯，舌頭打結呢？
在評論區告訴我吧，我會嘗試出課程幫助大家的。
Let me know in the comments and I'll try and make a lesson to help you.
There are plenty of mmmEnglish lessons to help you practise and improve your pronunciation, like here, and your natural English expression.
美味英語頻道有很多課程可以幫助你練習，提升發音，比如說這裡，還有你的自然英語表達。
Plenty to keep you busy, right?
I'll see you in the next lesson.
有的可忙了，是吧？
再見。